共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
基因型和环境对小麦赤霉病抗性的响应及其对千粒重的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究基因型和环境对小麦赤霉病抗性表达的响应,分析赤霉病与千粒质量间的关系并筛选抗(耐)赤霉病小麦种质,以不同遗传背景的72份小麦品种(系)在自然鉴定条件下对其赤霉病病粒(率)和千粒重进行研究。结果表明,不同小麦品种(系)间赤霉病病粒率变幅为0.08%~26.13%,铜陵点病粒率27.93%阜南点病粒率(2015年度)6.86%阜南点病粒率(2014年度)3.38%;不同来源小麦品种赤霉病病粒率依次为河南山东安徽江苏北方部分省(市)南方部分省(市),平均病粒率分别为16.38%、15.73%、12.03%、9.59%、7.02%和0.80%;千粒重与赤霉病病粒率呈极显著负相关(R2=0.317 6**),病粒率越高,千粒重越低。初步筛选出尧麦18、扬麦158、扬辐麦5242、镇麦168、瑞华168、明天0402,早丰525、皖科06725、安09174、先麦10号、豫麦18-99、益科麦5号、安0817和浩麦1号14份可供沿淮、江淮地区小麦赤霉病抗性育种利用的种质。 相似文献
2.
该研究采用我省6个小麦主栽品种与9个优良亲本按6×9不完全双列杂交配制54个组合,分别对杂种F_1和亲本的5个产量性状和3个抗性指标进行多种遗传相关分析。结果表明:1、株高与抗性指标的遗传、加性、和表型相关系数在-0.585～-0.885之间,均达到显著和极显著水准,并在遗传相关中以加性成分为主。2、单株产量性状与抗性指标大多呈负向加性、显性、遗传、和表型相关。但几乎都不显著,即抗性和产量并不矛盾。3、病粒率与病情指数的遗传、表型相关,以及遗传相关中的加性、显性相关均呈极显著正相关,但两者与病穗率这一指标的遗传相关未能达到显著水平。小麦抗赤霉病的性状鉴定以前两项较合理,病穗率仅为参考指标,这也符合小麦赤霉病的抗性以抗扩展为主的理论。 相似文献
3.
《分子植物育种》2017,(3)
针对小麦赤霉病抗性,利用与3个抗扩展性QTL位点、1个抗侵染性QTL位点和1个控制低毒素积累的QTL位点紧密连锁的11个分子标记,对中抗赤霉病小麦品种宁麦9号及其10个衍生品种进行抗性溯源,同时利用单花滴注、病麦粒接种和ELISA方法分别进行赤霉病抗扩展、抗侵染和低毒素积累抗性进行鉴定。结果表明,宁麦9号拥有抗扩展性主效QTL位点Fhb1和Fhb2,其赤霉病抗性来源于亲本扬麦6号。10个衍生品种中,生选4号与宁麦9号的遗传背景高度相似,扬辐麦4号与宁麦9号的遗传相似系数最小。宁麦衍生系的抗扩展与低毒素积累抗性相关性较高,但抗侵染性受环境影响较大,表现更为复杂。不同衍生品种的抗扩展性有差异,但总体毒素含量水平较高。衍生品种宁麦13抗性位点数多于宁麦9号,且赤霉病抗性水平最高,与宁麦9号均可作为抗性亲本直接应用于小麦抗赤霉病育种。本研究为今后赤霉病抗性基因的进一步研究和小麦抗赤霉病分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
4.
为了选育抗赤霉病且籽粒毒素含量低的小麦品种以减轻赤霉病危害,在对我国南方麦区地方品种进行赤霉病抗性鉴定的基础上,选用8个籽粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol, DON）含量水平不同的小麦品种作亲本,按8×8半双列杂交配制28个杂交组合,以接种后成熟籽粒中DON含量、病小穗数、病小穗率和病粒率为指标,进行赤霉病抗性、一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）遗传分析,以及不同鉴定指标间比较和相关性分析。结果表明,8个品种中籽粒DON含量以苏麦3号最低(0.5715 mg kg-1),Alondra’s最高(13.5560 mg kg-1),各组合F1的籽粒DON含量均低于感病品种Alondra’s。品种间GCA和SCA存在显著差异,籽粒DON含量以加性效应为主,存在部分显性效应。苏麦3号、望水白和翻山小麦表现出较好的一般配合力效应。以苏麦3号为亲本的5个组合、望水白为亲本的4个组合特殊配合力效应较大。扬麦158一般配合力效应较小,但有4个组合表现较好的特殊配合力效应。籽粒DON含量和病小穗数、病小穗率、病粒率呈极显著的正相关关系。感病品种Alondra’s和绵阳8545的各个抗性鉴定指标的一般配合力在8个品种的排序中表现一致,抗病品种各个抗性指标的一般配合力在8个参试材料间的排序有所差异。DON含量的狭义遗传力为74.54%,因此以抗DON积累为指标的赤霉病抗性育种,可以在早期世代进行选择。 相似文献
5.
《华北农学报》2015,(5)
为了明确2个小麦抗赤霉病侵入的主效QTL Fhb4和Fhb5的抗性遗传和互作模式,采用土表法并结合扬花期喷洒孢子液接种,以病小穗率(PDS)为鉴定指标,对携带Fhb4和Fhb5的不同遗传背景的BC3F1、BC3F2以及抗感对照进行了抗赤霉病侵入的表型鉴定和评价。结果表明,Fhb4和Fhb5在温麦6号和周麦22这2个不同的遗传背景中,PDS表现出杂合基因型和供体亲本望水白基因型的差异不显著,而与轮回亲本基因型之间的差异达到显著水平,抗感分离比经卡方检验符合9∶3∶3∶1的分离比例,其抗性遗传遵循2个独立的遗传因子控制的显性遗传模式;同时,Fhb4和Fhb5抗侵入性效应相当,它们之间存在加性效应,二者累加后的病小穗率显著低于单个Fhb4或Fhb5。因此,在育种实践中对这2个抗赤霉病显性基因的聚合利用将有助于提高育种材料的基础抗性。 相似文献
6.
小麦品种对赤霉病抗扩展性的遗传研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究采用单花针注法接种,以病小穗数为统计单位,对1个感病品种和6个抗病品种杂交取得的F_1、F_2、B_1、B_2及其P_1和P_2进行了抗性调查,研究了这6个小麦品种抗赤霉病性的遗传,结果表明:6个抗性亲本抗性由强到弱的顺序为繁60096、苏麦3号、宁7840、翻山小麦、龙79B-1165、克80F_(3-119),抗病性以加性效应为主,显性效应不可忽 相似文献
7.
赤霉病已成为小麦第一大病害,严重影响小麦的产量和品质。目前,抗性品种结合化学防治的方法成为当前防治赤霉病的最有效途径。小麦赤霉病抗性受多种基因控制,其中,Fhb1基因抗性效应最大,且抗性稳定,在小麦赤霉病抗性方面具有重要作用。本文综述了赤霉病主效抗性基因Fhb1的定位、分子标记和克隆技术的最新研究进展。利用选择性回交技术和矮败小麦平台将Fhb1基因导入当地小麦中可提升赤霉病抗性,进而结合化学防治方法为我国小麦安全生产提供保障。 相似文献
8.
赤霉病是由镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)引起的世界性病害,大麦感染赤霉病后,不仅减产严重,而且病菌产生的毒素污染籽粒后会使啤酒酿造品质变劣,还会对人畜健康产生危害。遗传改良是控制赤霉病的最有效措施。为了明确长江中下游地区啤酒大麦品种的赤霉病抗性及其与国外主要抗源赤霉病抗性基因的遗传关系,选择了12个啤酒大麦栽培品种或育种品系、5个国外引进的赤霉病抗源,以2个感病品种为对照,进行赤霉病抗性鉴定,以均匀覆盖基因组的分子标记对品种型基因型分析数据为基础探讨品种间的遗传关系,依据已报道的大麦赤霉病抗性QTL的连锁标记,比较抗性品种的抗性基因的遗传多样性。结果表明,供试的啤酒大麦品种具有良好的赤霉病抗性,优于国外引进的抗源;以平均遗传相似系数0.51为阈值,19个大麦品种可以分为国外引进品种与国内品种2大类群,表明国内大麦品种与引自于其他国家的大麦品种存在较明显的遗传差异,本地区的抗感品种可归于不同亚类群。11个抗病品种携带1-3个与已知抗性QTL一致的位点,检测到的QTL位点多少与赤霉病抗性无明显相关性,说明本地区抗赤霉病品种可能存在多个新的抗病基因,是啤酒大麦抗赤霉病育种的优异材料。 相似文献
9.
平湖剑子麦、洪湖大太宝、崇阳红麦、延岗坊主、万年2号抗赤霉病性基因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验将抗性组分分析法与单体分析法相结合,进行了小麦抗性基因染色体定位和抗性评价。结果表明,平湖剑子麦是抗性较稳定的中抗至抗病品种,其抗性基因涉及6D、7A、3B、5B和6B 等染色体。洪湖大太宝抗性基因和感病基因并存,是一个中抗偏感或中感品种。崇阳红麦属感病品种。延岗坊主的抗性基因位于染色体3A 上,感病基因位于5D 上,是一个中抗品种.万年2号麦穗前期抗病基因位于4D 和5A 上,是中抗品种。两种方法结合研究多基因控制的赤霉病抗性,能获得比较准确的结果和较多的遗传信息。 相似文献
10.
中国小麦品种抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的鉴定与溯源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提高赤霉病抗性已成为我国小麦主产区的重要育种目标之一。Fhb1是抗性最强且最稳定的抗赤霉病基因, 阐明其在我国小麦育种中的应用及传递路径, 对抗赤霉病育种有重要意义。本研究通过分析229份小麦品种(系) Fhb1区段内PFT (pore-forming toxin-like)、HC (HCBT-like defense response protein)和His (histidine-rich calcium-binding protein)基因的多样性与赤霉病抗性的关系, 发现PFT-I/His-I为抗病单倍型。基因检测和系谱分析表明, 中国小麦品种所含Fhb1至少有2个来源, 分别为苏麦3号和宁麦9号, 并以后者为主。本研究开发的诊断性标记PFT-CAPS和His-InDel可有效用于Fhb1的分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
11.
为了研究抗赤霉病侵染性的遗传, 利用感赤霉病品种南大2419和抗赤霉病品种望水白杂交单粒传获得的重组自交系群体132个株系间的随机配对组合, 构建了一个包含198个株系的“永久F2”群体。通过两年抗侵染田间试验和QTL作图, 定位了6个抗侵染QTL, 其中抗性等位位点源于望水白的Qfhi.nau-4B和Qfhi.nau-5A以及源于南大2419的Qfhi.nau-2B的效应较为稳定。Qfhi.nau-4B和Qfhi.nau-5A的效应较大且以加性效应为主, 前者存在部分显性基因效应。此外, 还检测到4对显著的互作位点。这些结果进一步说明赤霉病抗性遗传的复杂性, 同时也表明在利用望水白进行抗赤霉病育种时早代选择抗侵染性是可行的。 相似文献
12.
Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium head blight in the wheat lines 'CJ 9306' and 'CJ 9403' 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fusarium head blight (FHB or scab) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a worldwide serious disease in wheat. Exploitation and genetic studies of elite resistance sources can speed up the development of resistant cultivars. To characterize the inheritance of host plant resistance in two new lines, ‘CJ 9306’ and ‘CJ 9403’, developed from a recurrent selection programme in China, six generations P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of four crosses and 137 F6 : 7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from one cross were evaluated in the greenhouse for scab resistance using single‐floret inoculation. The data of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in F2, backcross (BC) and RIL populations exhibited mono‐modal distributions without clear‐cut demarcations and skewing towards resistance. An additive–dominance model was well‐fitted, additive effects played a predominating role, and dominance effects were also significant. Continuous distributions with two major peaks and one minor peak for the number or percentage of scabby spikelets (NSS or PSS) in segregating populations implied the existence of major genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance. The estimates of broad‐sense and narrow‐sense heritabilities based on the six‐generation experiment were 56–76% and 26–67% respectively. The estimates of broad‐sense heritabilities based on anova with RILs were 89–90%. These two improved lines with excellent scab resistance and good agronomic traits are of interest for wheat breeding and production. 相似文献
13.
Genetic analysis of mechanisms associated with inheritance of resistance to sheath rot of rice 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Simon Martin Mvuyekure Julia Sibiya John Derera John Nzungize Germain Nkima 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):509-515
Understanding genetic mechanisms controlling inheritance of disease resistance traits is essential in breeding investigations targeting development of resistant genotypes. Using North Carolina design II, 32 F1 hybrids were generated by crossing eight susceptible to four resistant parents and submitted for field evaluation. The analysis of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) indicated involvement of additive and non‐additive gene action controlling inheritance of horizontal resistance to sheath rot of rice. High GCA/SCA ratio and high heritability estimates revealed additive effects and were more predominant than none additive ones. The level of dominance indicated dominant genes was more important than recessive genes. Estimates of GCA and SCA analysis suggested that crop improvement programmes should be directed towards selection of superior parents or good combiners, emphasizing on GCA. As far as source of resistance is concerned, most promising genotypes were Cyicaro, Yunertian and Yunkeng. The predominance of additive genetic effects together with the relevance of dominant genes suggested possibilities of improving the resistance by introgression of resistance genes through recurrent selection coupled with phenotypic selection. 相似文献
14.
Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium spp. is a widespread disease of cereals causing relevant yield and quality losses and contaminating cereal products with mycotoxins.
Breeding resistant cultivars is the method of choice for controlling the disease. Resistance to FHB is a quantitative trait
and is most likely governed by several genes. We present the results of an F1 diallel analysis of FHB resistance involving six resistant and one susceptible European winter wheat genotypes of diverse
origin in order to identify promising combinations for the selection of improved cultivars. Parents and F1s including reciprocals were evaluated for FHB resistance in an artificially inoculated field trial. Two traits were assessed:
visual disease symptoms on the heads and the percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels in a harvested sample. General combining
ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were statistically significant for visual symptoms and kernel damage,
whereas reciprocal effects were small or not significant. Heterosis for resistance was common, indicating that the parental
genotypes possess different resistance genes. Selection of transgressive segregates should be feasible from such heterotic
combinations.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
The genetic constitution of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium graminearum in the Chinese wheat cultivar Sumai 3 and the Japanese cultivar Saikai 165 was investigated using doubled haploid lines (DHLs)
and recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Frequency distributions of DHLs derived from two F1 crosses, Sumai 3 (very resistant to resistant; VR-R) / Gamenya (very susceptible; VS) and Sumai 3 / Emblem (VS), fitted well
to 1: 2: 1 (resistant: moderately resistant: susceptible) ratios for reaction to FHB in the field. It is suggested that the
resistance of Sumai 3 is controlled by two major genes with additive effects. One of the resistance genes may be linked in
repulsion to the dominant suppressor B1 for awnedness with recombination values 15.1 ± 3.3% in Sumai 3 /Gamenya and 21.4 ± 4.3% in Sumai 3 / Emblem. Saikai 165 is
a Japanese resistant line derived from an F1 Sumai 3 / Asakaze-komugi (moderately resistant; MR). The data for RILs derived from the cross Emblem / Saikai 165, indicates
that three resistance genes control the resistance of Saikai 165.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Summary Genetic regulation of host resistance in chickpea-Ascochyta rabiei interaction system is governed by two dominant complementary genes each in the genotypes GLG 84038 and GL 84099, whereas the resistance in a black seeded genotype ICC 1468 was controlled by one dominant and one recessive independent gene. In all the genotypes, resistance is operated by inter-allelic interactions. The genes conferring resistance in GLG 84038 were found to be different to those operating in GL 84099 and ICC 1468. Among the five dominant genes dispersed in 3 genotypes under study, at least one has been reported for the first time, as to date, only three dominant genes have been reported in the literature.The four identified dominant genes in GLG 84038 and GL 84099 have been named as Arc1, Arc2 (in GLG 84038) and Arc3, Arc4 (in GL 84099). The undistinguished dominant gene in ICC 1468 has been named as Arc5(3,4) as it could not be equated or differentiated from Arc3 or Arc4. The recessive gene in ICC 1468 has been named as Arc1.Generation mean analysis of the 6 resistant × susceptible crosses involving the same genotypes, revealed that the genes conferring resistance in any of the 3 genotypes did not follow simple Mendelian inheritance but were influenced by inter allelic interactions. Additive gene effect along with dominance were operative in all the 3 genotypes under study in conferring resistance. However, the mechanism of resistance in GLG 84038 and GL 84099 were primarily additive in nature while that in ICC 1468, dominance as well as dominance × dominance interactions were more important than additive gene action. 相似文献
17.
18.
小麦主要品质性状的遗传模型研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
以６个小麦品种及其双列杂交组合为材料，研究了小麦子粒蛋白质含量和主要品质性状的遗传模型，估算了各性状的遗传参数。结果表明：（１）子粒蛋白质含量、容重、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、降落值及沉淀值等性状符合加性－显性模型。（２）降落值的高值与隐性基因有关，低值与显性基因有关；子粒蛋白质含量、容重、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量及沉淀值等性状的高值与显性基因有关，低值与隐性基因有关。（３）除沉淀值的遗传表现为超显性外，其余各性状的遗传均以基因的加性效应为主，且平均显性度（Ｈ１／Ｄ）均小于１，表现为部分显性。（４）除沉淀值外，各性状的狭义遗传力表现较高，说明可在早代进行选择 相似文献
19.
Chunjun Li Huilan Zhu Caiqin Zhang Feng Lin Shulin Xue Yong Cao Zhengzhi Zhang Lixia Zhang Zhengqiang Ma 《Euphytica》2008,163(2):185-191
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide, reducing both grain yield and quality. The
percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) directly reflects the damage level caused by scab on wheat grains and its variation
represents the so-called type IV scab resistance in germplasm. To identify genes governing type IV resistance and investigate
its relationship with other scab resistance types, we mapped QTLs associated with percent FDK using data from three different
field evaluations of the recombination inbred line (RIL) population derived from the susceptible cultivar Nanda 2419 × the
scab-resistant cultivar Wangshuibai. Five QTLs related to percent FDK were identified in at least two different trials, for
which Wangshuibai contributed four of the resistance alleles. Most of the FDK-related QTLs, including the three with larger
effects, QFdk.nau-2B, QFdk.nau-3B and QFdk.nau-4B, mapped to intervals associated with either type IV resistance or type II resistance. Moreover, most of the major type I
and type II resistance QTLs detected previously were associated with type IV resistance, suggesting that resistance to initial
infection and disease spread play major roles in conditioning less FDK. Therefore, breeders have options to choose inoculation
methods based on their expertise and resources without risking significant loss of information when using percent FDK as the
disease index. The most useful scab resistance QTLs for breeding would be those with stable influences on FDK and/or deoxynivalenol
(DON) accumulation besides the initial infection and disease spread.
Chunjun Li and Huilan Zhu contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
20.
Rebecca S. Zwart Hilde Muylle Johan Van Huylenbroeck Erik Van Bockstaele Isabel Roldán-Ruiz 《Euphytica》2008,162(3):449-456
The inheritance of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance was investigated in eight western European wheat lines using a half-diallel
of F1 crosses. The parents and F1 crosses were point-inoculated, with a highly aggressive isolate of Fusarium graminearum, in replicated field and glasshouse trials. Type II resistance was assessed by measuring the % FHB spread and % wilted tips.
There was a good correlation between the two disease parameters, % FHB spread area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC)
and % wilted tips AUDPC (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). Correlation coefficients between the field and glasshouse environments were r = 0.46 (P < 0.01) for % FHB spread AUDPC and r = 0.40 (P < 0.05) for % wilted tips AUDPC. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects influenced
the inheritance of FHB resistance, suggesting that in this set of parents both additive and non-additive (dominance or epistatic)
effects influence the inheritance of type II FHB resistance. Highly significant GCA-by-environment (P < 0.0001) and SCA-by-environment (P < 0.005) interactions were also observed. Specific combinations of western European wheat varieties were identified with
type II FHB resistance at a level equal to or more resistant than the winter wheat variety ‘Arina’. 相似文献