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1.
磷水平对不同磷效率水稻生长及磷、锌养分吸收的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
选择4个耐低磷水稻基因型508、99011、580、99112和2个磷敏感基因型99056、99012，用土培盆栽进行全生育期试验，研究不同磷水平对它们生长及吸收利用磷和锌的影响。结果表明，不同耐低磷水稻基因型不仅吸收利用磷的能力不同，对锌的吸收利用也存在差异。耐低磷基因型580、99011和508都具有较大的生物量，且受磷水平影响较小；而耐低磷基因型99112和磷敏感基因型99056、99012生物量都较小且受磷水平影响较大。耐低磷基因型580和99011吸收的磷较多；而508的利用效率更占优势。99056吸收的磷较少，尤其在低磷处理时吸收磷的能力较差；99012对磷的利用效率最低。30 mg/kg的磷处理显著提高植株体锌含量。从吸收锌的总量来看，580占绝对优势，其次是99011和508；99012吸收的锌最少，其次是99056。此外，在取样的3个时期，相同磷处理的P/Zn比均以99012最大，99056最小。 相似文献
2.
采用溶液培养法筛选196个芥菜型油菜基因型的砷（Na3AsO4）毒耐性。结果表明,2mg/L As (以砷酸钠水溶液中的砷离子浓度计）处理条件下,不同基因型油菜的生长和砷累积表现出明显的差异性。调查地上部干重的As/CK(砷处理与对照的比值)和根部的As/CK,发现各基因型变化范围分别为0.48～1.51和0.5～2.06,其变异系数分别为18.5%和30.2%。地上部或根部砷含量的变化范围分别是5.2～168.0mg/kg和117.1～ 1 544.3mg/kg,其变异系数分别为73.2%和37.5%。依据砷胁迫下油菜的相对干重（As/CK）及砷的含量,筛选出砷排异基因型（生长不受影响,且砷主要累积在根部,茎叶中砷含量较低）15个,砷低吸收基因型（生长不受影响,且茎和叶中砷含量较少）2个,以及砷敏感基因型（生长受严重抑制）5个。 相似文献
3.
为了筛选磷高效优异种质，研究油菜磷高效遗传，以甘蓝型油菜自然群体400个品种为试验材料，通过营养液培养方法进行了两轮苗期磷效率评估（分别命名为试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ）。该群体在低磷和正常磷处理下地上部干重、根系干重、根冠比、主根长和磷效率系数均呈现正态分布特征，品种间存在较大的基因型变异。以低磷处理地上部干重和磷效率系数为筛选指标，在试验Ⅰ中分别筛选出磷高效和低效候选品种各17份和13份，在试验Ⅱ中分别筛选出磷高效和低效候选品种各17份和18份。结合试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ，确定苗期磷高效候选品种32份，磷低效候选品种31份，可用以开展后续研究。 相似文献
4.
《中国糖料》2019,(1)
为了解重金属胁迫下甘蔗地上部和地下部重金属的累积特征,用高、中、低浓度的镉、铅和铬处理土壤进行甘蔗盆栽试验,用原子吸收石墨炉法测定其含量。结果表明甘蔗地下部重金属富集的量比地上富集的量大,此差异随处理浓度增加而增加。在最高浓度时,8月份,镉(Cd)地上部为44.750mg/kg,地下部的为299.250 mg/kg;铅(Pb)地上部为96.250 mg/kg,地下部339.250 mg/kg;铬(Cr)地上部为94.325 mg/kg,地下部为4 148.750 mg/kg;9月份,Cd地上部为94.000 mg/kg,地下部为803.500mg/kg;Pb地上部为199.500 mg/kg,地下部为686.500 mg/kg;Cr地上部为138.625 mg/kg,地下部为10 282.750 mg/kg。由此可看出甘蔗的Cd、Pb、Cr在地下部富集量大,地上部富集量小,它们的转运系数都小于1 (转运系数=地上部重金属含量/地下部重金属含量),故甘蔗可在中轻度污染的土壤中种植,这样能够提高重金属污染土壤的利用率,还能对这些重金属土壤慢慢进行生物修复。另外,这样的土壤种植出的甘蔗可用于绿色能源——乙醇的生产,减少环境污染,节省自然资源。 相似文献
5.
稻米砷研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
砷作为一种典型有毒元素被认为是最为严重的污染物之一。砷元素对人体的危害是一个长期的、慢性的毒害过程。水稻对砷的同化吸收能力高于其他谷物,稻米是人体摄入砷的主要来源之一。水稻籽粒中砷以无机As(Ⅲ+Ⅴ)、二甲基砷(DMA)为主,其中无机砷占总砷的10%~90%。大米中总砷含量为0.005~0.710mg/kg。研究发现含砷大米可以分为两种不同类型:一类是大米中砷以DMA为主,且DMA含量随总砷含量的增加而增加;另一类是大米中砷以无机As(Ⅲ+Ⅴ)为主,含量也随总砷含量的增加而增加。淹水厌氧环境是造成水稻砷富集的主要原因之一。在土壤富氧条件下种植水稻可有效减少水稻对砷的吸收。砷元素在水稻根际环境中的行为研究、微生物调控作用研究、水稻体内砷代谢机制的分子生物学及功能基因组研究等对未来水稻中砷的研究有着重要指导意义。 相似文献
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7.
氮高效水稻品种苗期耐低磷种质的筛选与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以先前通过田间试验筛选出来的36个氮高效水稻品种为供试材料,在苗期进行了耐低磷筛选,并对获得的3个耐低磷和2个低磷敏感品种响应磷素胁迫的生理机制进行了初步研究。结果表明:1)正常供磷和低磷条件下,所有调查性状的相对值(低磷/正常供磷)中,相对根系干质量、相对地上部干质量、相对根冠比和相对分蘖数均具有较大的品种间变异(变异系数分别为16.9%、10.9%、11.4%、16.3%)。相关分析表明,它们呈显著或极显著正相关。因此,这4个性状可以作为水稻苗期耐低磷筛选的评价指标。2)在低磷条件下,筛选出的3个耐低磷品种比2个低磷敏感品种的根系生长旺盛且活力强,P吸收动力学参数中Km、Cmin小,而Vmax大,酸性磷酸酶(APase)活性升幅大,磷效率在两者之间也存在显著差异。同时,不同耐低磷品种适应低磷胁迫的调节机制也有所不同。表明筛选氮磷双高效的水稻品种是可行的,同时也为后续基因定位和遗传机制的研究提供了材料和生理学依据。 相似文献
8.
甘蓝型油菜不同品种磷运转和再利用差异的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用土壤盆栽试验定量测定并计算4个有代表性的甘蓝型油菜品种（97029、97073、97081、97105）在苗期、蕾期、花期、结角期和成熟期的磷运转和再利用情况，以期揭示磷高效的营养机制。结果表明，所有参试品种在磷的运转和再分配方面都体现了“顶端优势”，磷向生长中心运转和再分配最为活跃，但不同品种在不同生育时期存在明显的阶段性差异。苗期缺磷对地上部的影响比对地下部大，磷高效品种97081苗期和蕾期根系具有较强的磷吸收能力，磷累积量大，但输出率较小，对磷的再利用程度较小；花期耐低磷的适应性反应转为增强再利用，养分开始向生长中心运转；结角期叶片贮备养分比例较大，生长后劲足；成熟期养分向生长中心转移彻底，使有限的磷发挥了最大效能。 相似文献
9.
营养液培养条件下,以甘蓝型油菜硼高效品种青油10号和偏高效品种宁油7号(DH系),硼低效品种Bakow和Tapidor(DH系)为材料,研究不同硼效率基因型苗期对硼、磷缺乏的反应.试验结果表明:缺磷条件下,青油10号和宁油7号长势显著好于Bakow和Tapidor,并且前者磷的含量和积累量显著高于后者;青油10号和宁油7号磷效率系数分别为0.480和0.497,显著大于Bakow(0.243)和Tapidor(0.287).苗期硼高效品种表现磷高效性状;硼低效品种表现磷低效性状.硼高效和磷高效苗期具有一定的相关性.缺硼对硼低效品种地上部生长的影响显著大于缺磷对硼低效品种的影响. 相似文献
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11.
Effect of Supplied P Levels on Rice Growth and Uptake of P and Zn in Different P-Efficiency Genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guo Zai-hua HE Li-yuan Xu Cai-guo 《水稻科学》2005,12(2):119-124
A soil pot culture experiment with four supplied P levels （i.e. P30, P50, P100, P200, representing supplemental P 30, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, respectively） was conducted to investigate uptake and use ability to P and Zn in the rice genotypes with different P-efficiency, of which rice genotypes 508, 99011, 580, 99112 were Iow-P tolerant and 99056, 99012 were Iow-P sensitive. Low-P tolerant rice 580 and 99011 absorbed more P than the others, and rice genotype 580 had stronger uptake ability especially at Iow-P level such as P50 and P30. 508 could absorb considerable P, and had the lowest P percentage of shoot, indicating it had good performance in P-use efficiency. These three rice genotypes had larger biomass and less response to changed P level than rice genotype 99112, 99056 and 99012. Rice genotype 99112 showed Low-P tolerance mainly by sacrificing biomass to maintain high relative grain yield. The least amount of P absorbed by 99056 showed it had the lowest P uptake efficiency, and the highest P percentage in shoot of 99012 meant it had the lowest P use efficiency. So they two showed Iow-P sensitivity. Zn contents in shoot under P200, P100 and P50 were similar, but P30 increased Zn content in shoot significantly. The Zn contents in shoot of 99112, 99056 and 99012 were higher than those of 508, 99011 and 580, especially at tillering stage and booting stage. As for total Zn content in shoot, Low-P tolerant rice genotype 580 had the largest amount and followed by 99011 and 508, Iow-P tolerant rice genotype 99012 had the smallest amount at the three sampling stage and followed by 99056. Furthermore, P/Zn in shoot of 99012 was the highest, and that of 99056 was the smallest at the same P level. 相似文献
12.
不同镉浓度处理下水稻植株镉含量变化及其镉调控相关基因表达分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以地上部镉含量不同的籼稻和粳稻品种各6个为材料,采用水培试验,设置6个镉浓度,研究了不同浓度镉处理对不同水稻品种植株生长、镉含量和相关重金属转运蛋白基因表达水平的影响。结果表明,镉胁迫对水稻生长有抑制作用,表现为苗高、地上部干物质量和叶绿素含量下降。在不同镉浓度处理下,植株根部和地上部的镉含量存在显著的基因型差异,植株中镉从根部向地上部的转运可能是水稻品种间以及籼粳亚种间地上部镉含量差异的主要原因,根部镉的吸收量影响较小。在0.50到2.00mg/kg的高镉处理梯度间,部分水稻品种地上部出现镉积累饱和现象(镉含量增加较少,部分水稻品种地上部镉含量甚至显著降低);在此镉浓度处理下,OsNRMAP1、OsIRT2和OsNAS2的表达水平显著上调,这可能与植株对镉的吸收调节作用相关。 相似文献
13.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):148-155
AbstractA low cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grain is desirable because of Cd toxicity to humans. Grain Cd concentrations in Japanese wheat differed among the varieties in previous study. In this study, we hypothesized that the varieties with a low concentration of Cd in grain have (1) low Cd uptake from the soil through the roots during early growth and/or (2) low Cd translocation from the roots to shoots, and also, that (3) Cd uptake from soil is affected by root morphology. These hypotheses were verified by investigating the concentration and quantity of Cd in root, shoot and leaf tissues, and examining the root morphology of young seedlings of wheat varieties with high and low grain Cd concentrations. Seedlings of ‘Kitahonami’ and ‘Nanbukomugi’ which had low grain Cd concentration (low Cd/G varieties) had a lower Cd quantity in whole plant tissues than ‘Nishikazekomugi’ and ‘Kitakamikomugi’ which had high grain Cd concentration (high Cd/G varieties) during early growth. Low Cd/G varieties also showed lower root to shoot (aerial parts) translocation of Cd than high Cd/G varieties. Seedlings of low Cd/G varieties showed less root branching than high Cd/G varieties. Root frequency showed a significant positive correlation with Cd quantity in whole plant tissues. These results suggest that low Cd/G varieties used in this study have low Cd uptake and translocation from the roots to shoots during early growth, and furthermore, that low Cd uptake at the seedling stage may relate to slow and/or limited development of branching roots. 相似文献
14.
Paddy fields contaminated with cadmium (Cd) present decreased grain yield and produce Cd-contaminated grains. Screening for low-Cd-accumulating cultivars is a useful method to reduce the amount of Cd in the grains. The present study aimed to examine the roles of the root morphology and anatomy in Cd translocation and accumulation in rice plants. Twenty-two rice cultivars were used in the first experiment, after which two cultivars [Zixiangnuo (ZXN) and Jinyou T36 (JYT36)] were selected and used in subsequent experiments under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences in Cd concentrations in the shoots (ranging from 4 to 100 mg/kg) and the Cd translocation rates (shoot/root) (from 7% to 102%) among the 22 cultivars, and the shoot Cd concentration was significantly correlated with the Cd translocation rate of the 22 cultivars under 0.1 mg/L Cd treatment. Compared with cultivar ZXN, JYT36 had greater root Cd uptake and accumulation but lower shoot Cd accumulation and Cd translocation rate. The number of root tips per surface area of cultivar ZXN was greater than that of JYT36, while the average root diameter was lower than that of JYT36. Compared with ZXN, JYT36 had stronger apoplastic barriers, and the Casparian bands and suberin lamellae in the root endodermis and exodermis were closer to the root apex in both the control and Cd treatments, especially for suberin lamellae in the root exodermis with Cd treatments, with a difference of 25 mm. The results also showed that, compared with ZXN, JYT36 had greater percentages of Cd bound in cell walls and intracellular Cd but lower Cd concentrations in the apoplastic fluid under the Cd treatment. The results suggested that Cd translocation, rather than root Cd uptake, is a key process that determines Cd accumulation in the rice shoots. The root morphological and anatomical characteristics evidently affect Cd accumulation in the shoots by inhibiting Cd translocation, especially via the apoplastic pathway. It was possible to pre-screen low-Cd-accumulating rice cultivars on the basis of their root morphology, anatomical characteristics and Cd translocation rate at the seedling stage. 相似文献
15.
Y.C.ALUWIHARE M.ISHAN M.D.M.CHAMIKARA C.K.WEEBADDE D.N.SIRISENA W.L.G.SAMARASINGHE S.D.S.S.SOORIYAPATHIRANA 《水稻科学》2016,23(4):184-195
Phosphorus（P） deficiency in soil is a major constrain for rice production. An important set of rice genotypes（landraces, old improved and new improved varieties） were screened for P deficiency tolerance in two major cropping seasons of Sri Lanka, in 2012. The Ultisol soil, which was collected from a plot cultivated with rice without fertilizer application for past 40 years（P0） at the Rice Research and Development Institute（RRDI）, Bathalagoda, Sri Lanka, was used as the potting medium for greenhouse trials. Two field trials were conducted in the same plots at RRDI. Both P0 and P30（30 mg/kg P2O5） conditions were used in the two greenhouse trials. At the early vegetative（three weeks after transplanting）, late vegetative（six weeks after transplanting） and flowering stages, plant height and number of tillers per plant were recorded. At the flowering stage, shoots were harvested and shoot dry weight, shoot P concentration, shoot P uptake and P utilization efficiency were measured. All data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, regression and cluster procedures. The measured parameters were significantly different between P0 and P30 conditions（P < 0.05）. Higher shoot dry weight was reported by the rice genotypes H4 and Marss under P0 conditions. The regression analysis between shoot dry weight and P utilization efficiency revealed that the studied rice genotypes could be categorized to three P deficiency tolerance classes. A total of 13 genotypes could be considered as highly tolerant and 4 genotypes as sensitive for P deficiency. These results could be used to select parental genotypes for breeding and genetic studies and also to select interesting varieties or landraces for organic rice production. 相似文献
16.
低磷胁迫下水稻根系的发生及生长素的响应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究了5个磷浓度下（0,10,50,100,300 μmol/L）水稻植株的生物量以及水稻根系发生和伸长,并测定正常供P（300 μmol/L）与低磷(10 μmol/L)条件下水稻不同部位生长素浓度以及生长素外流蛋白OsPIN家族基因的表达情况。结果表明,与正常供P处理相比,随着供P浓度的降低,水稻地上部的干质量降幅显著,进而导致根冠比显著增加;与正常供P处理相比,低P处理的水稻根冠比增幅约为100%。水稻种子根、不定根和侧根的长度随供P浓度降低而显著增加,而不定根数及侧根密度随着供P浓度的降低而降低。与正常供P处理相比,低P处理的水稻倒1叶、根茎结合处和根系的生长素浓度显著上升,增幅分别为85%、161%和86%,差异达显著水平。RT PCR结果表明,与正常供P相比,低P处理24 h和96 h的水稻根系OsPIN5a表达上调。低P胁迫下水稻生长素合成和从地上部到根系极性运输的增强是水稻根系发生对低P胁迫响应的重要生理机制之一。 相似文献
17.
LI Yong-fu Luo An-cheng Muhammad Jaffar HASSAN WEI Xing-hua 《水稻科学》2006,13(4):283-290
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors to the crop production in most of the soils throughout the world [1]. The traditional way to alleviate P deficiency is the application of P fertilizer. However, the scarcity of P mineral resou… 相似文献
18.
盐胁迫对不同水稻品种光合特性和生理生化特性的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
用2个耐盐水稻品种和2个盐敏感型水稻品种为材料,研究盐胁迫对水稻植株生物量积累、光合特性等生理特性的影响。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,耐盐水稻品种和盐敏感型水稻品种地上和根系的干鲜质量均呈下降趋势,其中,以盐敏感型水稻品种的地上部鲜质量与根系干质量的下降最为显著。盐胁迫条件下,水稻叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾作用（Tr）和表观叶肉导度（AMC）均呈不同程度的下降趋势。其中,耐盐水稻品种Pn、Gs、Tr和Pn/Ci的下降均低于盐敏感型水稻品种。同时,耐盐品种水分利用效率（WUE）也高于盐敏感型品种。盐胁迫条件下,耐盐水稻品种和盐敏感型水稻品种的胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）变化并不明显,气孔限制百分率（Ls）均较低,品种间差异也不显著,而表观叶肉导度显著下降,由此推测盐胁迫条件下Pn的下降并非因为气孔的限制,而与RuBPCase活性的下降有关。盐胁迫条件下水稻叶片和根系的渗透性调节物质脯氨酸、总氨基酸和可溶性糖含量上升,其中以可溶性糖含量上升最为显著（P＜0.01）。盐胁迫下叶片保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性增强,膜透性增强,丙二醛含量增加,同时,根系活力下降。 相似文献
19.
通过大型智能人工气候箱的盆栽试验,设置4个大气湿度水平(35%RH、55%RH、75%RH、95%RH)及5个氮肥施用水平(0、50、100、150、200mg/kg),研究夏玉米苗期干物质积累及蒸腾耗水量对不同处理的响应。结果表明,施氮量小于100mg/kg时,随大气湿度的增加玉米总干物质量呈增加趋势;施氮量高于150mg/kg时,75%RH最有利于玉米的总干物质积累;不施氮时随大气湿度水平的提高玉米根冠比显著增加,施氮处理夏玉米根冠比随大气湿度水平呈先增加后降低的趋势,在75%RH达最大值;随大气湿度的增加玉米耗水量显著减少,水分利用效率随之增加,表现为95%RH>75%RH>55%RH>35%RH处理,且均达显著水平。 相似文献