共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
不同木薯品种（品系）种茎耐贮性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以17个木薯品种（品系）种茎为研究材料,将其贮藏于阴凉、干燥的环境中,定期称重,测定含水率;以不同贮藏阶段、含水率不同的种茎定植于试验地,60 d后调查各品种（品系）的成活率及幼苗生长指标。结果表明：不同木薯品种（品系）种茎的含水率各不相同,其中,GR911含水率最高,桂热4号、OMR36-40-9含水率最低;不同木薯品种（品系）在各个阶段的失水速率也不相同;种茎含水率与成活率、发芽数均呈显著相关,与嫩芽高度、嫩叶数均呈显著负相关;嫩芽高度与嫩叶数呈显著相关;桂热4号、KU50、薯王983、华南8号、华南9号等耐贮性较好。 相似文献
2.
本研究利用太阳能辅助热泵技术干燥栀子果,采用7种干燥模型对干燥特性实验数据进行非线性回归拟合求解,探讨在装载密度、干燥温度和物料厚度为条件因素下栀子果太阳能-热泵联合干燥过程中水分变化规律,确定最优干燥模型。结果表明：随着装载密度的增加,栀子果干燥时间逐渐增加,干燥速率呈先增后减的趋势;不同干燥温度和物料厚度对栀子果干燥速率有显著性影响。Verma模型较适用于描述栀子果在太阳能-热泵联合干燥过程中的水分变化规律,模型中R2拟合值最大可达0.9998,误差平方和（SSE）变化范围为0.0001~0.0088,方误差的根（RMSE）为0.0024~0.3161。研究结果为开发高效节能、营养丰富的干燥栀子果提供关键技术支持。 相似文献
3.
《热带作物学报》2017,(12)
以热风温度、风速、装载量和切片厚度为试验因素,研究不同条件下番木瓜片热风干燥的干燥时间曲线和干燥速率曲线,确定干燥最佳工艺参数组合,并建立热风干燥动力学模型。结果表明:番木瓜热风干燥过程同时受到热风温度、热风风速和切片厚度等条件的影响,装载量的大小对番木瓜片失水和干燥速率的影响并不显著。整个热风干燥过程只有降速干燥阶段,无明显的加速和恒速干燥阶段,干燥速率呈下降趋势。切片厚度对干燥速率影响极大,番木瓜片切片厚度4 mm的干燥时间比厚度8 mm的干燥时间缩短了近50%。番木瓜片热风干燥的动力学模型满足Page方程MR=exp(-rt~n),能较好地描述和预测番木瓜片热风干燥过程水分的变化。 相似文献
4.
咖啡豆的热风干燥特性及其干燥过程中风味成分变化规律研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以海南当地的咖啡鲜果为原料,测定其干基含水率和干燥速率,探索咖啡豆在不同干燥温度和载重量条件下热风干燥对干燥速率的影响,以及干燥过程中咖啡豆挥发性成分的变化规律,并建立咖啡豆热风干燥的动力学模型。结果表明:干燥速率随温度的升高而升高,初始阶段干燥速率较快;由于咖啡鲜果单层摆放,不同载重量对干燥速率影响不显著;挥发性物质的种类随水分含量的降低而增多,其中醛类化合物相对百分含量逐渐降低,而酯类、酸类、醇类化合物相对百分含量均逐渐增加,烃类化合物略有增加;采用3种模型进行非线性回归拟合以模拟咖啡豆的干燥过程,结果表明单项扩散模型(Henderson and Pabis)的拟合度最好。 相似文献
5.
冻干咖啡粉的研制可提高咖啡产品的商业价值和咖啡行业经济效益。以单因素加热板温度、物料装载厚度和干燥室压强对干燥速率的影响,确定最佳范围后进行响应面实验设计得到咖啡粉最佳干燥工艺参数并对优化条件下的冻干咖啡粉进行品质分析。通过响应面得到冻干咖啡粉理想参数条件为：加热板温度76.19 ℃,物料装载厚度1.58 cm,干燥室压强76.84 Pa,实际干燥速率为0.23 h -1,理论干燥速率为0.22 h -1;并且3个因素对干燥速率的影响排序为加热板温度>物料装载厚度>干燥室压。品质分析得出冻干咖啡粉的含水率达到3.82%,色差、气味、口感均无显著性差异（P<0.05）。通过咖啡冻干加工工艺参数的优化,为冻干咖啡粉工业化生产提供技术支持。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
小麦光呼吸途径电子流分配的模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨分配到植物光呼吸的光合电子流(J_o)对CO_2浓度(J_o-C_a曲线)的响应规律,以小麦Z39-118为材料,分析了小麦叶片在2%和21%O_2浓度下的光合速率(A_c)和电子传递速率(J)对CO_2浓度的响应曲线。结果表明,光合作用对CO_2浓度的响应新模型(模型I)可很好地拟合小麦的A_c对CO_2浓度响应曲线;同样,基于模型I而构建的J对CO_2的响应模型(模型II),也可很好地拟合小麦在21%和2%O_2条件下的J对CO_2响应曲线。利用模型II分别拟合基于传统公式(J_o=2[J-4(A_c+R_(day))]/3)得到的J_o-C_a曲线(R_(day)为日呼吸速率)及基于光呼吸速率值而计算得到的J_o-C_a曲线,结果显示,两者拟合得到的分配到光呼吸的最大电子传递速率值(分别为86.93和84.17μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))与实测值(89.12μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))均较为接近(P0.05);但基于前者拟合所得到的饱和CO_2浓度和CO_2为0μmol·mol~(-1)时分配到光呼吸的电子传递速率,均与其对应的测量值之间均存在显著差异(P0.05)。综合分析认为,传统用于计算参与光呼吸途径的光合电子流公式并不能准确地描述J_o对CO_2浓度的响应趋势,本研究构建的新模型可准确地定量研究光呼吸及其电子流分配等问题。 相似文献
9.
西南麦区小麦品种苗期抗旱性鉴定及其指标筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解西南麦区小麦品种苗期抗旱性和筛选适宜鉴定指标,利用盆栽和大田干旱棚2种栽培方式,对西南地区42个小麦品种进行自然干旱胁迫。盆栽试验测定苗期叶面积(X_1)、苗高(X_2)、根长(X_3)、地上部干重(X_4)、地下部干重(X_5)、全株干重(X_6)、根冠比(X_7)、植株含水率(X_8)、离体叶片失水速率(X_9)、叶绿素含量(X_(10))等10个指标,大田控水试验于收获期测定株高(X_(11))、小穗数(X_(12))、穗长(X_(13))、单株成穗数(X_(14))、单穗重(X_(15))、单株产量(X_(16))等6个指标。以各指标的抗旱系数作为衡量抗旱性的依据,运用加权隶属函数、聚类分析、逐步回归等方法对小麦抗旱性进行综合评价及分类。结果表明,42个小麦品种可划分为水分敏感、弱抗旱、中度抗旱和强抗旱4种抗旱类型,分别包括3、23、13和3个品种。以苗期和收获期16个指标的抗旱系数为基础,利用逐步回归方法建立了小麦苗期抗旱性评价回归模型:D1=-1.593+0.152 X_1+0.293 X_2+0.256 X_3+0.151 X_5+0.426 X_6+0.107 X_7+0.958 X_12+0.085 X_14+0.056 X_(15)+0.205 X_(16),R2=0.998 8,平均拟合精度99.23%;利用苗期10个指标的抗旱系数进行逐步回归分析建立小麦苗期抗旱性评价回归模型:D2=-0.677+0.218 X_1+0.481 X_3-0.803 X_4+0.230 X_5+1.232 X_6,R2=0.674 0,平均拟合精度88.50%,表明用苗期性状结合产量性状评判小麦抗旱性更为可靠准确。 相似文献
10.
为对硫肥和氮肥合理配施提供参考依据，2003-2005年在大田条件下以强筋小麦豫麦34为试验材料。采用Logistic方程拟合其籽粒灌浆过程并计算有关籽粒灌浆参数，探讨了硫氮配施对强筋小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明，在硫氮配施条件下，强筋小麦籽粒灌浆进程呈“慢～快～慢”的S型曲线。Logistic方程决定系数均大于0＋9981，达到极显著水平，拟合效果良好；在相同施氮水平下，最大灌浆速率到达时间（L）、千粒重潜力值（K）、最大灌浆速率（Vm）、平均灌浆速率（Va）和灌浆持续时间（T）等灌浆参数随硫肥施用量的变化而有差异。适宜的硫氮配施可提高K、Vm和Va，且T随施硫量的增加而延长。 相似文献
11.
Warren K. Coleman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(3):109-118
Seed tuber age effects on the response of potato plants (cv Alpha) to different drought stress regimes during the pre-tuberization period were evaluated. During a slow drying cycle of approximately 2 weeks’ duration, young expanding leaves on plants grown from young or old seed tubers showed no evidence of osmotic adjustment and pre-stressing the plants did not affect this situation. Pre-stressed plants from young and old tubers possessed a higher relative water content at a zero turgor potential than unstressed plants. However, tuber age did not affect significantly the relative water content at zero turgor potential. Plants derived from young seed tubers exhibited improved drought resistance such as reduced water loss from mature leaves, a larger root/shoot dry weight ratio and possible effects on root distribution in soil. 相似文献
12.
Harvest date had no significant influence on weight loss in storage of tubers which were grown under a low fertilizer regime (vines died prematurely). However under a higher fertilizer regime, tubers harvested 21–45 days after vine kill lost significantly less weight than those harvested 2–13 days after vine kill. An average of 4 years’ data indicates that tubers stored continuously at 45 F (7.2 C) lost significantly less weight than those stored at 42 F (5.5 C) or 48 F (8.9 C). This is attributed to lack of suberization and delayed maturation of tubers at 42 F resulting in increased weight loss and to higher respiration at 48 F in comparison to tubers held at 45 F storage. Considerable seasonal differences in weight loss were recorded. The 1971 growing season which was characterized by a prolonged period of extremely high temperatures resulted in tubers which lost significantly more weight during storage than was the case in the other seasons. Air ventilization rates from 20 to 80 cfm/T were used to cool potatoes from 60 F to ambient temperatures of 48 F. No significant differences in weight loss were obtained after 3 week’s continuous cooling with air at 93–95% R. H. regardless of air ventilation rate. 相似文献
13.
C. A. Braue R. L. Wample P. E. Kolattukudy B. B. Dean 《American Journal of Potato Research》1983,60(11):827-837
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) tuber periderm resistance to water loss was monitored during the harvest season. Periderm resistance of tubers from water-stressed plants was compared with tubers from unstressed plants throughout a six-week harvest period, in order to determine the effect of plant condition on tuber resistance to water loss. Tubers stored for ten days at 4°C immediately following harvest were also monitored to determine if storage enhanced periderm resistance and if any difference occurred between tubers from stressed vines compared with those from unstressed vines. During the harvest season, tuber resistance to water loss was positively correlated with plant water stress, as measured by leaf water potential and leaf diffusive resistance. Storage of tubers after harvest also caused an increase in periderm resistance. The commercial practice of vine killing, therefore, may have a positive effect on reducing weight loss in storage by enhancing the resistance of tuber periderm to water loss. 相似文献
14.
Trichomes decrease water loss in some plant species, but their influence on water loss from alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) forage is unknown. A study was conducted which measured the water loss from field-grown, harvested forage of three erect, glandular-haired alfalfa germplasms, KS161, KS210 and KS224, the eglandular 'Arc' cultivar and the 'Kenland' cultivar of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). Harvests were taken once in 1995 and 1997, and four times in 1996. Plant height, phenological stage, upper and lower stem diameters, leaf:stem ratio and apical stem densities of simple, procumbent glandular and erect glandular trichomes were determined. The drying rate constants of the forage were calculated by a combination of parametric and non-parametric modelling techniques. The harvest × germplasm interaction was significant for all parameters measured. The density of erect glandular hairs varied among entries for all harvests, while the drying rate of harvested forage differed among entries for three of the six harvests. Correlations between densities of erect glandular hairs and drying rate constants were generally low and non-significant, except for one harvest. Erect glandular hairs, at the densities measured in this study, generally did not influence drying rates of alfalfa forage. However, density of total trichomes was significantly and negatively correlated with drying rate for all alfalfa entries. The diameter of the stem had the greatest negative impact on drying rate. 相似文献
15.
L. JONES 《Grass and Forage Science》1990,45(1):83-90
The drying rates of grasses and lucerne, following treatment with 1% formic acid, were compared with those of untreated crops. Material was fully exposed to a flow of air in a ventilated laboratory oven set at 23 °C. Treatment with formic acid initially enhanced the rate of drying of grass, but this was followed by retardation. This reduction in the rate of drying was caused by the rapid desiccation of laminae, which reduced their effectiveness in providing a pathway for water loss from the stem. The rate of water loss directly from the stem surface was not increased by formic acid treatment, probably because the enveloping leaf sheaths acted as a protective layer. In contrast, formic acid increased drying rate in lucerne. whose stems have no such protective layer. The results suggest that chemical desiccants. which have a contact action are unlikely to have any application in making hay from grass. 相似文献
16.
《Field Crops Research》2001,69(3):201-213
An understanding of movement and distribution of soil water has been long known essential to the optimization of plant biomass productivity. This study provides an ecophysiologically based analytic model for estimating root water uptake rate of maize (Zea mays L.). The model can be run with readily available inputs, such as water potentials of leaf, soil and air, solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, root length, and some soil physical properties, such as bulk density and particle-size distribution. Comparison with measured data showed that the model described root water extraction with acceptable accuracy. Analysis of the response of the model to changes in the input parameters revealed that the model is most sensitive to leaf water potential and root length. Examination of the model response also showed that the model could be improved with more information about the root hydraulic conductance and effective root length responsible for water extraction. 相似文献
17.
A. F. Butchbaker W. J. Promersberger D. C. Nelson 《American Journal of Potato Research》1973,50(4):124-132
The factors affecting potato tuber weight loss were studied by suspending individual tubers of Kennebec, Red Pontiac, and Norgold Russet potatoes in chambers where temperature, relative humidity, and air flow past the tubers could be controlled. The results of a regression analysis indicated that the age of the tubers closely followed by temperature was most highly correlated to weight loss. Tuber weight and relative humidity were next and about equally correlated with weight loss. Air velocity had the lowest correlation coefficient Prediction equations for predicting the weight loss of the potato tubers as a function of the various environmental and potato tuber variables were developed from a step-wise regression analysis program. The standard error for these regression equations was about ±1.5% weight loss from the predicted value The weight loss of the tubers in this experiment are likely higher than bulk stored potatoes because of the greater surface area exposed to air flow. Also, other than temperature, the other variables (air velocity, relative humidity, and potato weight) were relatively uncontrolled and therefore had high variations. A plot of weight loss versus time indicates a non-linear response with greater variation as time increases. 相似文献
18.
为解决油莎豆块茎在种植过程中萌发较慢的问题，以A2、中油莎1号和内蒙古大粒（ND）为材料，通过对3个油莎豆品种的浸种条件、消毒方式以及不同浓度植物生长调节剂组合的筛选，探究油莎豆块茎的最佳消毒方法及最优萌发条件。结果表明：在75%酒精3 min、氯气16 h时消毒效果最好；3个品种均在35℃浸泡3 d时萌发率最高，分别为58.33%、51.67%和43.33%;A2和中油莎1号均在MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA的培养基上萌发率最高，分别为70.00%和63.33%；内蒙古大粒在MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA的培养基上萌发率最高，为55.00%。6-BA对块茎的萌发有显著作用，但随着浓度升高对块茎的萌发由促进转为抑制作用。 相似文献
19.
以云南小粒种咖啡为原料,探究小粒种咖啡热风干燥特性及最佳数学模型,为咖啡热风干燥工艺提供参考。对小粒种咖啡湿豆进行热风干燥,用正交试验的方法研究其在不同热风温度、风速、铺装厚度和搅拌转速下的热风干燥特性,比较10种数学模型在热风干燥特性中的适用性。结果表明：热风风速在干燥实验中对传热传质有催进作用;搅拌可加快热传递提高热效率,减少干燥时间;铺装厚度主要影响干燥用时,铺装厚度与干燥速率变化成反比;咖啡干燥以降速干燥为主,无明显恒速干燥阶段,热风温度对热风干燥的干燥特性影响最大;对正交试验进行极差、方差分析可知,温度40℃,风速1 m/s,搅拌转速2 r/min为最优热风干燥方案,最佳数学模型为Logarithmic模型,热风温度、热风风速与搅拌转速3个因素对热风干燥总时长影响的极差值为19、6.67、5.5,3个因素在95%置信区间下P值为0.011、0.082、0.391。主次顺序为热风温度A>热风风速B>搅拌转速C;由评价指标R2、SSE、残差均方及对比实验数据与常用干燥模型进行非线性回归拟合分析,结果显示Logarithmic模型拟合度最好,其中R2为0.986444、SSE为0.021734、残差均方为0.002075。该数学模型可预测云南小粒种咖啡湿豆的热风干燥特性曲线,也为实际的生产与加工提供依据和参考。 相似文献
20.
三明野生黄精无菌体系的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过优化消毒和不定芽诱导条件等,建立了三明野生黄精根状茎的组培体系。结果表明：将野生黄精外植体依次在清水下用软毛刷刷洗去野生黄精根状茎表面的泥土,在加洗衣粉的自来水中冲洗16 h,在3%多菌灵浸泡2 d（期间时常振荡摇晃）,用清水洗去表面残留的多菌灵后置于滤纸上晾放5 h,再用75%酒精处理30 s,加0.2%氯化汞浸泡15 min消毒处理之后,野生黄精外植体的污染率低至20.2%。春季3—4月的野生黄精外植体的不定芽萌发能力和长势均明显优于11—12月。三明野生黄精的最佳不定芽诱导培养基为：MS+6-BA 4.0 mg/L +NAA 0.2 mg/L,在其上培养时诱导出芽率高达88.0%。 相似文献