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1.
To develop waterproof breathable materials for diverse consumer applications, we used electrospinning to fabricate layered
fabric systems with varying composite structures. Specifically, we developed layered fabric structures based on electrospun
nanofiber webs with different levels of nanofiber web density, as well as different substrates and layer structures, and then
examined the breathability and waterproofness of the material. The breathability and waterproofness of the layered fabric
systems were compared with those of traditional waterproof breathable fabrics, including densely woven fabric, microporous
membrane laminated fabric, and hydrophilic nonporous polyurethane coated fabric. Different breathability and barrier performance
levels were achieved by varying the layer structure and substrates in the electrospun nanofiber web layered fabric systems.
The uniformity of the nanofiber web and lamination process also affected the barrier and comfort performances. The comparison
of waterproofness and breathability performances between the new materials and the traditional waterproof breathable materials
revealed that the layered structures based on electrospun nanofiber webs provide a higher level of resistance to water penetration
than densely woven fabrics and a higher degree of moisture vapor and air permeability than microporous membrane laminates
and coated fabrics, with a proper selection of layer structure, substrate fabric, and lamination process. 相似文献
2.
Electrospun web may possibly be widely applied to protective garments or specialty textiles due to its high level of protection
as well as comfort. Of particular interest in this study is to develop waterproof-breathable fabric by applying electrospun
web of polyurethane directly onto the substrate fabric. The optimal electrospinning condition was examined with regards to
the concentration, applied voltage and tip-to-collector distance. Solvent-electospinning of polyurethane was performed at
the optimum condition, using N,N-dimethylacetamide as solvent. The thickness of 0.02 mm of electrospun web was applied onto
the polyester/nylon blended fabric. For comparison, the polyester/nylon fabrics were coated with 0.02 mm thickness of polyurethane
resin membranes adopting four different conditions. The electrospun PU web/fabric was compared to resin coated fabrics in
terms of water-proof and breathable properties. The electrospun web applied fabric showed higher air permeability, vapor transmission,
and thermal insulation properties than resin coated fabrics, which can be translated as greater comfort sensation of electrospun
applied fabrics. However, water resistance value of electrospun web applied fabric did not reach that of resin coated fabrics. 相似文献
3.
Layered fabric systems with electrospun polyurethane fiber web layered on spunbonded nonwoven were developed to examine the
feasibility of developing protective textile materials as barriers to liquid penetration using electrospinning. Barrier performance
was evaluated for layered fabric systems, using pesticide mixtures that represent a range of surface tension and viscosity.
Air permeability and water vapor transmission were assessed as indications of thermal comfort performance. Protection performance
and air/moisture vapor transport properties were compared for layered fabric systems and existing materials for personal protective
equipment (PPE). Layered fabric systems with electrospun nanofiber web showed barrier performance in the range between microporous
materials and nonwovens used for protective clothing. Layered fabric structures with the web area density of 1.0 and 2.0 g/m2 exhibited air permeability higher than most PPE materials currently in use; moisture vapor transport was in a range comparable
to nonwovens and typical woven work clothing fabrics. Comparisons of layered fabric systems and currently available PPE materials
indicate that barrier/transport properties that may not be attainable with existing PPE materials could be achieved from layered
fabric systems with electrospun nanofibrous web. 相似文献
4.
R. Bagherzadeh M. Montazer M. Latifi M. Sheikhzadeh M. Sattari 《Fibers and Polymers》2007,8(4):386-392
In order to impart barrier properties against water and microorganisms on breathable three dimensional spacer fabrics as medical
or technical textiles, fabric samples were treated with two water repellent agents and a quaternary ammonium salt namely cetyltrimethylammonium
bromide (CTAB), using pad-dry-cure method. Two different water repellent agents based on hydrocarbon and acrylic copolymer
were used. The water repellent property of samples was tested by Bundesmann and contact angle tests. Antimicrobial activity
of samples was analyzed quantitatively according to AATCC 100. Simultaneous finishing of samples was done with 3 % CTAB and
4 % fluoroalkyl acrylic copolymer. To study the effect of various treatments on comfort related properties, air and water
vapor permeability, water repellency and compression were measured. The results showed that the antimicrobial and water repellent
spacer fabrics can be achieved applying selected material without significant changes on their comfort properties. Also a
regression model was presented to predict the water vapour permeability of knitted spacer fabrics based on course density
(CPC) changing. 相似文献
5.
Rajkishore Nayak Sinnappoo Kanesalingam Shadi Houshyar Arun Vijayan Lijing Wang Rajiv Padhye 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(6):954-962
This research investigated the effect of repeated laundering and dry-cleaning on the physical and thermophysiological comfort properties such as air permeability, water vapour resistance and thermal resistance of fabrics made of meta-aramid (Nomex®) fibre. Two different types of fabric were selected for the study and subjected to repeated laundering and dry-cleaning (1, 5 and 10 cycles), which is commercially used for the care and maintenance of these fabrics. The fabric thickness, areal density, thermal resistance and water vapour resistance values increased with the number of laundering cycles, whereas the air permeability decreased due to the fabric shrinkage and swelling. On the other hand, the thickness and air permeability of the dry-cleaned fabric samples increased with the number of cycles; while the water vapour resistance and thermal resistance decreased. The scanning electron microscopy images showed the structural changes as indicated by the longitudinal fibrillation in the fabrics subjected to laundering or dry-cleaning. 相似文献
6.
Comfort is one of the most important aspects of clothing. Thermal comfort is related to fabric’s ability to maintain skin temperature and allow transfer of perspiration produced from the body. Properties like thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapor permeability, and liquid water permeability are suggested as critical for thermal comfort of clothed body. In this study the fabrics developed from the EliTe compact yarns are compared with the fabrics made from normal yarns. The thickness of the fabrics made from EliTe® compact yarns is also slightly less than the fabrics made from normal yarns. Fabrics made from EliTe® compact yarns have shown greater air permeability as compared to the fabrics made from normal yarns. It is observed that, thermal resistivity values of the fabrics developed from EliTe® compact yarns are lower than the fabrics made from normal yarns indicating they are cooler fabrics compared to normal fabrics. Fabrics developed from the EliTe® compact yarns have shown slightly higher values of MVTR (moisture vapor transmission rate) as compared to the fabrics made from the normal yarns. The wicking characteristic of fabrics developed from EliTe® compact yarns was slightly higher than the fabrics developed from normal yarns. 相似文献
7.
A novel antibacterial agent polysulfopropylbetaine (PSPB) bearing carboxyl groups was synthesized and its application on cotton fabric to provide durable antibacterial property was also presented. The successful synthesis of PSPB and its immobilization onto the cotton fabric surface were verified by a series of tests including FTIR, 1H NMR, XPS and SEM. Viable cell counting method was employed to investigate antibacterial properties of the finished cotton fabrics. It was found that the cotton fabrics treated with PSPB were endowed with desirable antibacterial activity against both gram-negative bacteria Esherichia coli (E.coli, AATCC 6538) and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus, AATCC 25922), with the bacterisotatic rates of 99.69 % and 99.95 %, respectively. Notably, the bacterial reduction rates still maintained over 90 % against both bacteria even after 50 consecutive laundering cycles. Moreover, tests concerning the hydrophilicity, air permeability, water vapor transmission, mechanical properties as well as thermal properties were carried out systematically. The experimental results indicated the hydrophilic performance, air permeability and moisture penetrability of the cotton fabrics finished with PSPB were improved greatly in spite of a slight reduction in thermal performance and little obvious influence on mechanical performance. The antibacterial cotton fabric has the potential to be applied in sportswear, underwear, household textiles, medical fields and much more. 相似文献
8.
Moisture management behavior is a vital factor in evaluating thermal and physiological comfort of functional textiles. This
research work studies functional 3 dimensional (3D) warp knitted spacer fabrics containing high-wicking materials characterized
by their profiled cross section. These spacer fabrics can be used for protective vest to absorb a user’s sweat, to reduce
the humidity and improve user’s thermal comfort. For this reason, different 3D warp knitted spacer fabrics were produced with
functional fiber yarns in the back layer of the fabric (close to the body) and polyester in the front and middle layers (outer
surface). Comfort properties such as air and water vapor permeability and wicking and other moisture management properties
(MMP) of different fabric samples were measured. It is demonstrated that by using profiled fibers such as Coolmax fiber, moisture
management properties of spacer fabrics can be improved, enabling them to be use as a snug-fitting shirt worn under protective
vests with improved comfort. 相似文献
9.
Ahu Demiroz Gun 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(8):1083-1090
In this study, the dimensional, physical and thermal comfort properties of the plain knitted fabrics made from 50/50 blend
of modal viscose fiber in microfiber form with cotton fiber are compared with those of the similar fabrics made from 50/50
blend of conventional modal viscose fiber with cotton fiber and made from 100 % cotton fiber. All the fabric types are produced
in three different stitch lengths. The slight differences among the fabric types are observed in terms of the stitch density
results and the dimensional constants calculated in the fully relaxed state. In the fully relaxed state, the dimensional K
values of the modal microfiber blended knitted fabrics are found to be more closely resemble those of the cotton fabrics rather
than those of the conventional modal fiber blended fabrics. The lowest fabric thickness and bursting strength results are
obtained for the modal microfiber blended fabrics. The modal microfiber blended fabrics reveal lower air permeability than
the conventional modal fiber blended fabrics and higher air permeability than the cotton fabrics. It is also observed from
the thermal comfort results that the modal microfiber blended fabrics have the lowest thermal resistance and the highest thermal
absoptivity values. The thermal conductivity results of the modal microfiber blended fabrics are lower than those of the cotton
fabrics and higher than those of the conventional modal fiber blended fabrics. Because of the highest thermal absorptivity
values, the modal microfiber blended fabrics provide the coolest feeling when compared with the other two fabric types. 相似文献
10.
Tencel Jacquard fabric is one of the eco-fabrics used for underwear, sportswear, bedclothes, clothes for aged people, and
hospital textiles. It is popular for these uses because it is easy to process into yarns and fabrics alone or in blends, very
stable in washing and drying, thermally stable, and easy to dye with deep vibrant colors using direct, reactive, or vat dyes.
In order to provide antimicrobial properties for Tencel Jacquard fabrics, they were treated with ginkgo biloba extract and
silicon softener using two different processes so the results could be compared. One of the processes treated the fabrics
with ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener simultaneously, and the other process treated the fabrics with these agents
sequentially. The treated Tencel Jacquard fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and their antimicrobial
properties were evaluated. In addition, water repellency, air permeability, water vapor permeability, and yellowness were
measured. It was observed that the ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener were present on the surface of the treated fibers,
and the quantity of these agents before and after laundering was proportional to the measured antimicrobial activity of the
fabrics before and after laundering. Fabrics treated with both agents had stronger water/oil repellency than fabrics treated
with only ginkgo biloba extract. As the quantities of the two treating agents on fabrics were increased, their air permeability
and water vapor permeability decreased. No significant changes were observed for yellowness based on the amounts of treating
agents applied. From these results, it is expected that Tencel fabrics treated with ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener
are excellent for use as bedclothes. 相似文献
11.
The effect of blend percentage on comfort and handle related properties of fabrics made from polyester/viscose blended air-jet
textured yarn weft were studied and the results were compared with fabrics made from polyester/viscose ring-spun yarn wefts
of similar linear densities. It is observed that with increase in polyester content in the blend, the air permeability and
water vapour permeability reduces whereas thermal resistance, transverse wicking and shear rigidity increases both in ring-spun
yarn and textured yarn fabrics and bending rigidity increases in textured yarn fabrics. Textured yarn fabrics exhibit lower
air permeability and extensibility, higher thermal resistance, relative water vapour permeability, transverse wicking values
and bending rigidity as compared to the ring-spun yarn fabrics. 相似文献
12.
Study on heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics through multilayered fabric ensembles
A detailed study on the heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics of different types of single and multi-layered
fabric ensemble by using sweating guarded hot plate (SGHP) has been reported in the present paper. A comparison has been made
on thermal and moisture vapour transmission properties of five different insulative fabrics, namely, knitted-raised fabric,
needle punched nonwoven, through air bonded nonwoven, spunbonded-through air bonded sandwich nonwoven and warp knitted spacer
fabric and three different coated fabrics, namely, plain woven rubber coated, plain woven polyester polymer coated and plain
woven polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated fabric, used for thermal insulation purpose. ANOVA has been conducted to analyse
the significance of type of insulative and coated fabrics used. Sandwich nonwoven fabric which has higher thickness and porosity
shows higher thermal resistance followed by through air bonded fabric, raised fabric, needle punched fabric and spacer fabric.
Spacer fabric shows lesser evaporative resistance due to its lesser thickness and larger aperture size, which increases the
diffusion of moisture vapour. Needle punched fabric shows slightly higher evaporative resistance than spacer fabric, followed
by raised fabric, through air bonded fabric and sandwich nonwoven fabric. Permeability index of different multilayered fabric
ensembles are also compared. 相似文献
13.
Mohanapriya Venkataraman Rajesh Mishra Jiri Militky Lubos Hes 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(7):1444-1449
In this research work, the thermo physiological properties of polyester/polyethylene nonwoven composite wraps of varying thicknesses impregnated with aerogel were studied and compared. The SEM images were also taken to compare the physical configuaration of the aerogel based fibrous composites. Specific thermal properties like thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal diffusivity and thermal absorptivity were measured using alambeta instrument. The air permeability of the thermal wraps was measured in air permeability tester. The relative water vapor permeability and absolute water vapor permeability was measured in Permetest. These tests were conducted to understand thermal properties, air and water vapor permeability of flexible aerogel based composites with nanoporous structure. The results of the experiments were statistically analyzed and found to be within confidence intervals. 相似文献
14.
UV curing of perfluoro-alkyl-polyacrylate resins able to impart water as well as oil-repellency to cotton fabrics was studied
in comparison with conventional thermal polymerization. The process was assessed through weight gain and gel content measurements
while the properties conferred to cotton fabrics were determined in terms of water and oil contact angles, moisture adsorption,
and water vapor permeability. The polymerization yields were of the same order (>80 %) of those obtained with thermal curing
as well as the high contact angles with water (>127°) and oil (>118°) even at low resin add-on (3 %). UV cured resins yielded
oil contact angles mostly higher than 120° denoting super oil-repellent surfaces. Moreover the water and oil-repellency was
adequately maintained after washing. The moisture adsorption of finished fabrics was lower than that of untreated cotton,
but slightly higher for UV cured than thermally treated fabrics. Water vapor transmission rate showed that the finish treatment,
thermal as well as by UV curing, does not reduce the breathability of the original cotton. DSC analysis demonstrated that
the fiber pyrolysis is affected by the polymer add-on, while FTIR-ATR spectra of all finished fabrics showed typical peaks
of ester and C-F groups. XPS analysis showed small differences between thermal and UV curing coatings with each resin, while
coatings with the lowest percentage of fluorine groups did not affect the water and oil-repellency. 相似文献
15.
Seungsin Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(3):295-301
This research investigates applying zinc oxide nanoparticles to polypropylene nonwoven fabrics via electrospinning for the
development of UV-protective materials. Layered fabric systems with electrospun zinc oxide nanocomposite fiber webs were developed
at various concentrations of zinc oxide in a range of web area densities. The effects of zinc oxide concentration and web
area density on the UV-protective properties of layered fabric systems were examined. Air and moisture vapor transport properties
of layered fabric systems were assessed to examine the effect of electrospun web layers on thermal comfort properties of the
material. A very thin layer of electrospun zinc oxide nanocomposite fibers significantly increased the UV blocking for both
UV-A and UV-B ranges, and exhibited an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of greater than 40, indicating excellent UV protection.
UV-protective properties of layered fabric systems increased with increasing zinc oxide concentrations of the nanocomposite
fiber web. Increasing the electrospun web area density of the zinc oxide nanocomposite fiber web also enhanced UV-protective
properties of layered fabric systems. Air and moisture vapor transport properties of layered fabric systems decreased as the
electrospun web area density increased for the range of web area densities examined. 相似文献
16.
This study examined the effects of the total porosity, pore size, and cover factor on the moisture and thermal permeability of woven fabrics made from DTY (draw textured yarns) and ATY (air jet textured yarns) composite yarns with hollow PET (polyethylene terephthalate) yarns. The wicking of the hollow composite yarn fabrics was found to be superior to that of the high twisted yarn fabrics, which may be due to the high porosity in the hollow composites yarns, but this was not related to the cover factor. The drying characteristics of the hollow composite yarn fabric with high porosity were inferior compared to the high twisted yarn fabrics due to the large amounts of liquid water in the large pores, which resulted in a longer drying time of the fabric. The thermal conductivity of the hollow composite yarn fabrics decreased with increasing measured pore diameter due to the bulky yarn structure. The effects of the hollowness of the yarn on the thermal conductivity were more dominant than those of the yarn structural parameters. The air permeability increased with increasing measured pore diameter but the effects of the cover factor on the air permeability were not observed in the hollow composite yarn fabrics. The effects of porosity on the moisture and thermal permeability of the woven fabrics made from the hollow composite filaments were found to be critical, i.e., wicking and air permeability increase with increasing porosity. In addition, the drying rate increased with increasing porosity and the thermal conductivity decreased with increasing pore diameter, but were independent of the cover factor. 相似文献
17.
This study examined the flame retardant, anti-static, and wear comfort properties of woven fabrics from two types of yarns composed of modacrylic, FR-rayon, cotton, and anti-static PET fibers. The FR-rayon-blended modacrylic fabric mixed with anti-static PET fibers exhibited better flame-retardant and anti-static properties than those of the cotton-blended modacrylic fabric. In addition, the absorption and drying properties of the FR-rayon-blended modacrylic fabric were superior to those of the cotton-blended modacrylic fabric. The thermal conductivity of the FR-rayon-blended fabric was lower than that of the cotton-blended one, whereas the water vapor permeability was slightly higher than that of the cotton-blended one. These wear comfort properties of the FR-rayon-blended fabric were attributed to the micro-pores and longer fiber length of the FR-rayon fibers, as well as their yarn and fabric structural parameters. This study suggests that FR-rayon-blended modacrylic fabric has better flame-retardant and anti-static properties in both twill and rip weaves with good warmth keepability, and higher water and vapor transmission properties than cotton-blended one. In addition, the FR-rayon-blended modacrylic clothing exhibited a better wear comfort feel than the cotton-blended one due to the lower microclimate humidity. This means that FR-rayon-blended modacrylic fabric makes it more comfortable to wear than cotton-blended one. 相似文献
18.
Graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and fine boron nitride (BN) particles were separately applied with a resin onto a cotton fabric, and the effect of the thin composite coatings on the thermal conductive property, air permeability, wettability and color appearance of the cotton fabric was examined. The existence of the fillers within the coating layer increased the thermal conductivity of the coated cotton fabric. At the same coating content, the increase in fabric thermal conductivity was in the order of graphene > BN > MWCNT, ranging from 132 % to 842 % (based on pure cotton fabric). The coating led to 73 %, 69 % and 64 % reduction in air permeability when it respectively contained 50.0 wt% graphene, BN and MWCNTs. The graphene and MWCNT treated fabrics had a black appearance, but the coating had almost no influence on the fabric hydrophilicity. The BN coating made cotton fabric surface hydrophobic, with little change in fabric color. 相似文献
19.
L. Raeisian Z. Mansoori R. Hosseini-Abardeh R. Bagherzadeh 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(10):1748-1753
The thermal characteristics of hollow polyester fibers were compared with solid polyester fibers in order to study their processing behavior and performance characteristics. The effects of different processing and structural properties including fiber diameter, bulk density of layer, and surface pressure on layers of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics with hollow fibers on thermal resistance properties were also investigated. The results show that hollow fibers have a higher thermal resistance in comparison with solid ones. This is a consequence of air trapping inside the fibers, higher bulkiness, and higher surface area of hollow fibers. Furthermore, thermal resistance of microfibers is better than those of macrofibers in both hollow and solid fibers. The thermal resistance of nonwoven subjected to this study, have an inverted-U-shaped pattern versus the bulk density of the fabric. The results also showed that thermal resistance of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics can be affected by the range of heater temperature during the test, however considerably can be affected by fabric thickness as a main structural property of nonwoven fabrics. 相似文献
20.
Little work has been done in the past on how clothing thermal and moisture transport properties affect human comfort sensations
during different periods of an exercise. In this work, by correlating the thermal and moisture transport properties of T-shirt
fabrics and garments with the comfort sensations during different stages of exercises, we found that thickness, thermal insulation
and warm/cool feeling of the T-shirt fabrics are important to warmth sensation, skin wetness sensation and overall comfort
throughout the entire period of exercise and immediately after the exercise. Water vapor transmission properties of T-shirt
fabrics or garments are not important to comfort sensations at the start of the exercise, but become an important factor to
comfort sensations in the middle of the exercise up to the resting period after the running exercise, probably due to the
fact that sweating occurs during these periods. Fabric water absorption and air permeability are not significant factors at
the start and during the exercise, but are important after exercise, probably because these properties determine how quickly
the skin can be dried after sweating. 相似文献