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1.
This is the first comprehensive study on the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels on the expression of fatty acid elongase 5 (AJELOVL5), PUFA composition, and growth in juvenile sea cucumbers. The specific growth rate (SGRw) was improved in n‐3 PUFA‐rich diets compared to low n‐3 PUFA diets. AJELOVL5 expression was apparently upregulated in juveniles fed lower PUFA diets relative to higher PUFA diets, with higher expression in the body wall and respiratory tree of juveniles fed diets without ɑ‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) compared to juveniles fed higher ALA level diets; similar results were also detected in juveniles fed diets with lower eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3), and none of ALA, EPA, or DHA respectively. The concentrations of ALA, EPA, and DHA in tissues were positively related to the content of dietary corresponding PUFA, with higher ALA content in juveniles fed diet ALA12.71 than in the ALA7.46 and ALA0 groups. Similar results were also obtained in sea cucumber fed diets enriched with either EPA or DHA. Interestingly, considerable levels of EPA and DHA were found in the tissues of juveniles fed diets of CK0 and DHA0, with no specific input of EPA or DHA, showing that the sea cucumber was capable of biosynthesizing EPA and DHA from their corresponding precursors as ALA and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6).  相似文献   

2.
We studied the effects of dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFAs on the activities and mRNA expression levels of tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) during vitellogenesis and ovarian fatty acid composition in female silver pomfret broodstock. Broodstock were fed one of four experimental diets for 185 days: FO (100% fish oil), FSO (70% fish oil + 30% soybean oil), SFO (30% fish oil + 70% soybean oil) or SO (100% soybean oil). The results revealed that hepatic LPL and FAS and ovarian FAS activities and mRNA expression levels significantly increased at vitellogenesis and postvitellogenesis relative to previtellogenesis, with no significant differences between these two stages, except for hepatic LPL mRNA expression. Dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFAs decreased tissue FAS and increased LPL activities and mRNA expression levels. The ovarian concentrations of 20:4n‐6 (ARA), 20:5n‐3 (EPA), 22:6n‐3 (DHA) and n‐3 LC‐PUFAs were directly influenced by n‐3 LC‐PUFA levels. Total n‐3 LC‐PUFA concentrations in SO were 57% lower than those in FO, while 18:2n‐6 concentrations in SO were 4.7 ×  higher than those in FO. These results revealed that high dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFAs levels significantly affected tissue lipid metabolism in female silver pomfret broodstock during vitellogenesis by upregulating LPL and downregulating FAS.  相似文献   

3.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of dietary lipid source [linseed oil (LO, rich in 18:3 n?3); corn oil (CO, rich in 18:2 n?6); olive oil (OO, rich in 18:1n?9); and fish oil (FO, rich in LC‐PUFA)] and level (9% L and 18% L) on growth, body composition and selected plasma biochemistry parameters in hybrid catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus) juveniles. Moreover, liver histology (lipids, glycogen, cell vacuolization) and key metabolic enzyme activities were also evaluated. After 8 weeks of feeding, there were no differences in growth performance and whole‐body composition between groups. Plasma lipoprotein, muscle and liver composition, and G6PD and ME activity were affected by lipid level and source. No differences were observed between groups in hepatic ALT activity; however, AST activity was lower in fish fed the 9% L diets. Overall, liver and muscle fatty acid composition reflected that of diet FA composition, with increased n3/n6 ratio, high HUFA and low MUFA in fish fed FO compared with the VO diets. Higher liver glycogen content was observed in fish fed the 18% L than the 9% L diets, except for fish fed FO diet. Considering the experimental diets used, these results indicate that hybrid catfish can efficiently utilize VO supplementation as an energy source, without affecting growth performance and fillet composition.  相似文献   

4.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles were fed diets containing 13 g/kg total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at different n‐3/n‐6 dietary ratios (0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.3 and 2.9) for 56 days, at 28°C. Subsequently, fish were submitted to a winter‐onset simulation (22°C) for 33 days. PUFA n‐3/n‐6 dietary ratios did not affect fish growth at either temperature. At 28°C, tilapia body fat composition increased with decreasing dietary PUFA n‐3/n‐6. Winter‐onset simulation significantly changed feed intake. The lowest dietary n‐3/n‐6 ratio resulted in the highest feed intake. At both temperatures, body concentrations of α‐linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid decreased as dietary n‐3/n‐6 decreased. Body concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n‐3) increased with decreasing concentrations of dietary EPA. The n‐6 fatty acids with the highest concentrations in tilapia bodies were linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 n‐6). At 28°C, SREBP1 gene expression was upregulated in tilapia fed the lowest n‐3/n‐6 diet compared to tilapia fed the highest n‐3/n‐6 ratio diet. Our results demonstrate that a dietary PUFA of 13 g/kg, regardless of the n‐3/n‐6 ratio, can promote weight gains of 2.65 g/fish per day at 28°C and 2.35 g/fish per day at 22°C.  相似文献   

5.
We explored how currently manufactured feeds, under real‐world conditions and across geographically distinct locations, promoted flesh n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA, i.e. 20:5n‐3 + 22:6n‐3) levels in various life stages of farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Potential effects on flesh LC‐PUFA included: (1) diet and fish weight at one Canadian east coast farm, (2) diet and farm location across six east coast farms, and (3) diet and farm location between east and west coast farms. For objectives 1 and 2, salmon were fed a currently manufactured feed (labelled as feeds A, B or C) and harvested at 1, 3 and 5 kg. LC‐PUFA levels in 5 kg (harvest size) fish were then compared to previously published values for west coast farmed Atlantic Salmon (Obj. 3). Combined results revealed that variability in LC‐PUFA levels was better explained by diet than by fish weight or farm location. Fish size, however, was also important for two reasons. First, feeding a high LC‐PUFA diet early in life appeared important for ensuring high LC‐PUFA levels at harvest size. Second, salmon flesh LC‐PUFA levels increased with fish size, but only when dietary LC‐PUFA was provided above an apparent threshold value (~3000 mg per 100 g or 10% of total fatty acids) that likely promoted LC‐PUFA incorporation and storage. Overall, our comparison makes new recommendations for feed manufacturers and demonstrates that farmed Atlantic Salmon reared under real‐world conditions on currently available salmon feeds were good sources of n‐3 LC‐PUFA to consumers.  相似文献   

6.
Golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus is an important farmed carnivorous marine teleost. Although some enzymes for long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) biosynthesis have been identified, the ability of T. ovatus for endogenous biosynthesis is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vivo LC‐PUFA synthesis in a 56‐day culture experiment using six diets (D1–D6) formulated with linseed and soybean oils to produce dietary linolenic/linoleic acid (ALA/LA) ratios ranging from 0.14 to 2.20. The control diet (D0) used fish oil as lipid source. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding indices of fish fed D0, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate as well as the contents of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids in tissues (liver, muscle, brain and eye) of D1–D6 groups were significantly lower (p < .05). These data suggested that T. ovatus could not synthesize LC‐PUFA from C18 PUFA or such ability was very low. However, tissue levels of 20:4n‐3 in fish fed diets D1–D6 were higher than that of D0 fish (p < .05), and positively correlated with dietary ALA/LA ratio, while levels of EPA showed no difference among the D1–D6 groups. These results indicated that Δ5 desaturation, required for the conversion of 20:4n‐3 to EPA, may be lacking or very low, suggesting incomplete LC‐PUFA biosynthesis ability in T. ovatus.  相似文献   

7.
In this study, the semen production and quality, hepato‐somatic index, haemato‐immunologic values, oxidative stress and the fatty acid contents in liver, muscle and semen of rainbow trout fed diets supplemented n‐3 series long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) under regular stripping condition were investigated. For this aim, three diets (Control, D1 and D2) were prepared. These diets were contained n‐3 LC‐PUFAs (as a percentage of dietary total fatty acid) at 3.14%, 7.84% and 13.63% respectively. Experimental fish were fed with the control and test diets. The highest hepato‐somatic index, spermatologic (semen pH and volume, sperm motility and density), haematologic (haematocrit value, haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, corpuscular volume, haemoglobin and its concentration in corpuscular), immunologic (nitroblue tetrazolium activity, leucocyte count, phagocytic index, protein and immunoglobulin [IgM] in total plasma) and antioxidants (reduced glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) values were found in fish fed the D2, D1 and control diets respectively (p < 0.01). Increase in the dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFAs was not significantly (p > 0.01) increased the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) in fish. The results indicated that the n‐3 LC‐PUFAs at 13.63% level of total fatty acid in the diet could increase the semen production and quality, hepato‐somatic index, haematologic and immunologic values, and the n‐3 LC‐PUFA contents in liver, muscle and semen of rainbow trout broodstock under regular stripping condition.  相似文献   

8.
In general, the effects of dietary fatty acids (FA) on sperm quality have received less attention than egg quality, and were never studied in perch. This study investigated the effects of dietary FAs on the quality and chemical composition of sperm in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis). Two experimental diets containing 16% lipids and 45% proteins were compared. The n‐3/n‐6 ratios tested were 0.2 for diet 1 (D1) and 7.0 for diet 2 (D2). No significant effects of the n‐3/n‐6 ratio were observed on the sperm characteristics, either in terms of the sperm volume (around 1.2 mL) and density, spermatozoa motility (94%) and velocity, or the sperm osmolality. All these parameters corresponded to semen of good quality in Eurasian perch. Interestingly, both the FA composition and the lipid class profile of the semen were correlated to the tested diet. However, basal levels of certain highly unsaturated FAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5 n‐3 and docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6 n‐3, were maintained in the sperm irrespective of the diet tested. Perch semen was characterized by high levels of cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In conclusion, the dietary n‐3/n‐6 ratio affects the lipid composition of perch semen but not the indicators of sperm quality.  相似文献   

9.
This study investigates the dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) requirement from juvenile to maturation stage in an anabantid model fish, the blue gourami, Trichopodus trichopterus. Specifically we determined the optimum dietary ARA content to maximize juvenile growth and subsequent sexual maturation and to improve the quality of their eggs and offspring. Five experimental diets containing 0.02, 0.53, 1.05, 1.60, and 2.12% ARA (of dry weight) were fed to juveniles over 5 mo. The results showed that whole‐body fatty acid profile of broodstock significantly changed in fish fed diets of different ARA content (ANOVA, P < 0.003). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6 and Σn‐6 were obtained in fish fed 0.53% ARA, and a decreasing trend was observed with elevated dietary ARA levels. Monthly specific growth rate (SGR) measurements revealed significant differences in the juvenile stage, but the SGR of broodstock was unaffected by dietary ARA. Protein and ash content of whole‐body broodstock showed no differences among groups, while lipid content decreased as ARA levels increased. Maximum volume of the oocyte was obtained in the 1.05% ARA group, while the yolk sac size increased as dietary ARA increased. The optimum growth and survival of the larvae produced by broodstock were recorded in the 2.12 and 1.6% ARA groups, respectively. It was concluded that despite the presumed ability of freshwater fish to synthesize and meet their highly unsaturated fatty acid requirements, dietary ARA higher than 1.05% had significant stimulatory effects on growth of juveniles but no obvious influence on the growth of matured fish. Also, higher ARA levels (1.6–2.12%) were found to improve the quality of eggs and offspring.  相似文献   

10.
This study investigated the effect of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acid ratios in broodstock diets on reproduction performance, fatty acid composition of eggs and gonads of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Broodstock were fed five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets for 60 days. The supplemented lipids were prepared by a combination of fish oil and soybean oil inclusion FO (fish oil); FSO1 (fish oil: soybean oil = 7:1); FSO2 (fish oil: soybean oil = 2.2:1); FSO3 (fish oil: soybean oil = 1:1); FSO4 (fish oil: soybean oil = 1:4.3) as lipid sources with different n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acid ratios 10.40, 5.21, 2.81, 1.71 and 0.87. Results showed that relative fecundity, fertilization rate and survival rate of larvae at 7 days posthatching were all higher in broodstock fed FSO1 and FSO2 diet and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups fed FSO3 and FSO4 diets. The best result in starvation tolerance test was obtained in FSO2 diet. The present study suggests that n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA ratio in broodstock diet has a considerable effect on spawning performance, egg and larval quality for C. semilaevis.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of different lipids on tissue fatty acid profile and reproductive performance in female rice field eel were investigated in this study. Virgin female eels were fed with six diets containing different lipids (diets FO, LO, SO, PO and PL with fish oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil and pork lard, respectively; diet APO with arachidonic acid and peanut oil). The results showed that there were positive correlations between the contents of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the tissues of eels and those of the corresponding fatty acids in their diets. The specific growth rate of eels fed with diet PO was the lowest and significantly lower than that of FO and SO. Gonad of eels fed with diets PO and PL showed hypogonadism. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) can be synthesized by eels, but the quantity was not enough to meet their reproduction requirement completely. The fatty acid desaturation, rather than elongation probably was one of the limiting factors. Addition of proper amount of ARA in diet was favorable to the increase of the hatching rate of fertilized eggs, while EPA and DHA in diet were beneficial to the increase of the survival rate of larva. Both n-3PUFA and a suitable n-6/n-3PUFA ratio were necessary for growth and reproduction of eels.  相似文献   

12.
H. Xu  J. Du  S. Li  K. Mai  W. Xu  Q. Ai 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1449-1457
Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) on growth performance, lipid deposition, hepatic fatty acid composition and serum enzyme activities of juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus (initial mean weight 29.2 ± 1.34 g). Triplicate groups of 30 Japanese seabass were fed with six diets containing grade levels of n‐3 LC‐PUFA (1.30, 2.98, 5.64, 10.31, 14.51, 24.13 g kg–1 of dry weight) to apparent satiation twice daily for 9 weeks. The specific growth rate (SGR) was the highest in 10.31 g kg–1 dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA group. Crude lipid content of the fish decreased significantly with increasing dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA. Meanwhile, the hepatic lipid content increased significantly in the 24.13 g kg–1 group. Hepatic n‐3 LC‐PUFA content of total fatty acids was closely correlated with that in diet. No significant difference was observed in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Moderate n‐3 LC‐PUFA level (10.31 g kg–1 of dry weight) in the diet was beneficial to enhance the activity of lysozyme in serum. Based on SGR, the optimum dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA content was estimated to be around 10.94 g kg–1 of dry weight by second‐order polynomial regression method.  相似文献   

13.
Nile tilapia juveniles (8.35 ± 0.80 g) were fed on four levels (0.0%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 2.0%, 4.0%) of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal (ALL‐G‐RICH?), a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The 1% Aurantiochytrium sp. meal diet was compared to a control diet, which contained the same amount of DHA as cod liver oil (CLO) at 1.7% diet. Groups of 25 fish were stocked in 100 L tanks and fed twice daily until apparent satiation, for 57 days, at 28°C. Increasing dietary Aurantiochytrium sp. meal reduced the body retention of DHA and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) but increased the body retention of alpha‐linolenic (α‐LNA), linoleic (LOA) and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 PUFA). Fatty acid profile in tilapia muscle was affected by increasing dietary inclusions of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal, with an increase in DHA, α‐LNA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐3 long chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) but a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n‐6 PUFA and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 LC‐PUFA). There was a larger body retention of DHA, α‐LNA, LOA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐6 PUFA fatty acids and a higher percentage of DHA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐3 LC‐PUFA in muscle fatty acid profile in fish fed on CLO diets than in those fed on 1% Aurantiochytrium sp. Therefore, Aurantiochytrium sp. meal is an alternative source of DHA for Nile tilapia diets.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a catadromous teleost of commercial interest, perform well when fed a wide range of dietary oils. However, the range of alternative oils now being explored is typically rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA and MUFA). In this study, the response of juvenile barramundi (47.0 g per fish initial weight) fed isolipidic and isoenergetic diets with 82 g kg?1 added oil was tested. The experimental test diets had a 2 : 1 or 1 : 2 ratio of SFA to MUFA (SFA‐D and MUFA‐D, respectively) compared to a control diet (CTRL‐D) fed for 8 weeks. The diets containing mostly olive oil (dietary MUFA‐D) and mostly refined palm oil (dietary SFA‐D) did not impact the growth performance or feed utilization parameters of the barramundi. The in vivo beta‐oxidation activity was consistent with the dietary fatty acid composition, with the most dominant FA being heavily beta‐oxidized. Together, the in vivo whole‐body mass balance of fatty acids showed that n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) were most efficiently utilized in the SFA‐D‐ and MUFA‐D‐fed fish. This study provides evidence that additional dietary MUFA and SFA are suitable lipid classes for juvenile barramundi and they are both equally efficient at sparing LC‐PUFA from an oxidative fate.  相似文献   

16.
Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus L. were fed five test diets containing 0% or 1% of different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for 93 days. The fish were injected intraperitoneally with (1–14C)–18:2(n–6) or (1–14C)–18:3(n–3), and the bioconversion to longer chain PUFA studied. The conversion rate in neutral lipids was slow, with most label found as the fatty acid injected, while extensive modification took place prior to or during incorporation into polar lipids. Linolenic acid was preferred over linoleic acid as substrate for elongation and desaturation regardless of diet. In polar lipids, the predominant products of (1–14C)–18:2(n–6) metabolism were generally 20:3(n–6) and 20:4(n–6), while 18:4(n–3), 20:5(n–3) and 22:6(n–3) were the major products of (1–14C)–18:3(n–3) metabolism. The lack of radioactivity in 22:5(n–6) suggests that 4 desaturation is specific for (n–3) PUFA. Feeding the PUFA deficient diet reduced the 5 desaturation compared to fish maintained on PUFA supplemented diets. The 6 desaturation was only reduced in fish fed C18 PUFA and injected with (1–14C)–18:3(n–3). Longer chain C20 and C22 PUFA, particularly those of the (n–3) family, exerted some inhibition on the elongation and desaturation of injected fatty acids compared to those fed C18 PUFA. The incorporation of radiolabelled fatty acids into polar lipids of fish fed a commercial diet was very low, and the desaturation neglectible in both polar and neutral lipids, showing that Arctic charr under culture conditions do not convert short chain PUFA to longer chain metabolites.  相似文献   

17.
Copepod oil (CO) from the marine zooplankton, Calanus finmarchicus, is a potential alternative to fish oils (FOs) for inclusion in aquafeeds. The oil is composed mainly of wax esters (WE) containing high levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty alcohols that are poorly digested by fish at low temperatures. Consequently, tissue lipid compositions may be adversely affected in salmon‐fed CO at low temperatures. This study examined the lipid and FA compositions of muscle and liver of Atlantic salmon reared at two temperatures (3 and 12 °C) and fed diets containing either FO or CO, supplying 50% of dietary lipid as WE, at two fat levels (～330 g kg?1, high; ～180 g kg?1, low). Fish were acclimatized to rearing temperature for 1 month and then fed one of four diets: high‐fat fish oil (HFFO), high‐fat Calanus oil (HFCO), low‐fat fish oil (LFFO) and low‐fat Calanus oil (LFCO). The fish were grown to produce an approximate doubling of initial weight at harvest (220 days at 3 °C and 67 days at 12 °C), and lipid content, lipid class composition and FA composition of liver and muscle were determined. The differences in tissue lipid composition between dietary groups were relatively small. The majority of FA in triacylglycerols (TAG) in both tissues were monounsaturated, and their levels were generally higher at 3 °C than 12 °C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly (n‐3) PUFA, predominated in the polar lipids, and their level was not significantly affected by temperature. The PUFA content of TAG was highest (～26%) in the muscle of fish fed the HFCO diet at both temperatures. Tissue levels of SFAs were lower in fish‐fed diets containing HFCO than those fed HFFO, LFFO or LFCO, particularly at 3 °C. The results are consistent with Atlantic salmon being able to incorporate both the FA and fatty alcohol components of WE into tissue lipids but, overall, the effects of environmental temperature on tissue lipids were more pronounced in fish fed the CO diets than FO diets.  相似文献   

18.
The silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) is a valuable cyprinid with good deposition of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We have previously isolated a fatty acyl desaturase (Fads2) and elongase (Elovl5), which fulfils the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) from C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) substrates. The isolation, functional characterization and dietary regulation of two elongases, Elovl2 and Elovl4, are reported here. The Elovl2 displayed the capacity to elongate C20 and C22 PUFA substrates, while the showed low activities towards saturated fatty acids and C22 PUFA substrates. This discovery validates the existence of a complete set of enzymes of LC‐PUFA in silver barb. The elovl2 showed higher expression in liver, in limited dietary LC‐PUFA intake conditions. As for Elovl4, tissue expression showed prominence in eye tissue. We also showed that the expression of both genes was upregulated when fish was fed with diets devoid of LC‐PUFA. Fatty acid composition analysis indicates the utilization of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids for LC‐PUFA biosynthesis.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
Five experimental diets containing different lipid sources, fish oil (D1), soybean lecithin (D2), corn oil (D3), canola oil (D4) and olive oil (D5), were evaluated in Atractosteus tropicus larvae for the relative gene expression of the enzymes fatty acid synthase (fas), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (acc1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (cpt1c), in addition to their effects on larval growth, survival and cannibalism during a 30‐day feeding trial. Higher growth and survival were obtained in treatments D1 and D2, and lower performance in diets D3, D4 and D5. The highest levels of expression of fas and acc1 occurred in larvae fed with D1, which contained high amounts of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA), mainly DHA and EPA FA are regulators of lipogenesis. The higher cpt1c expression in plant‐based diets is attributed to the fact that these diets are rich in α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and low DHA, EPA and ARA levels that favour ß‐oxidation. In conclusion, the diets with fish oil (D1) and soybean lecithin (D2) were the best treatments for larval growth, survival and cannibalism and thus appear to meet both lipid and energy requirements of A. tropicus larvae, meanwhile the use of vegetable oils influences the expression of intermediary lipogenic genes.  相似文献   

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