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1.
The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.  相似文献   

2.
An 8‐week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish meal (FM) replaced by soybean protein concentrate (SPC) on Japanese strain of soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis juveniles. Diets were formulated to replace FM protein by SPC at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 or 60% supplemented with phytase (2000 FTU kg?1) (designated as S0, S15, S30, S45, S60 and S60P, respectively), and each diet was fed to triplicate groups. The results showed that the growth was significantly lower when dietary SPC replaced more than 45% FM. The turtles fed the S15 or S30 diet showed comparable feed and protein utilization efficiency compared with the S0 group, whereas more than 30% replacement of FM adversely affected these values. Increasing dietary SPC levels significantly lowered the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid, phosphorus and gross energy. Whole‐body protein, ash and phosphorus content showed a declining trend when dietary SPC levels increased, while body lipid and moisture content were unaffected. When the turtles were fed diets with increasing levels of SPC, serum total protein concentration, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities decreased with a corresponding increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity. Turtles fed the S60P diet showed comparable growth performance and feed utilization efficiency to the S40 group, and were superior to the S60 group. The present study showed that SPC could successfully substitute for 30% FM protein in the diets for P. sinensis juveniles, and the maximum effective substitution may be greater if exogenous phytase was added.  相似文献   

3.

以鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕等为蛋白原料设计配方, 磷酸二氢钙的添加量分别为1.5%、1.0%、0.5%和0(对应的饲料组为P1.5、PP1.0、PP0.5和PP0组), 其中PP1.0、PP0.5和PP0组中均添加200 mg/kg的中性植酸酶, 开展为期8周的黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)养殖实验, 以探讨中性植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对黑鲷生长和磷利用的影响。结果显示, 黑鲷摄食实验饲料8周后, 各组间成活率无显著差异(P>0.05); 摄食饲料PP1.0、PP0.5和对照组(P1.5组)实验鱼的增重率无显著差异(P>0.05), 但均显著高于PP0处理组, 饲料系数则显著低于PP0处理组(P<0.05)。摄食不同饲料的黑鲷全鱼中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分及钙磷含量在不同组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加植酸酶的各组鱼磷的表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着磷酸二氢钙添加量的降低, 黑鲷对干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率呈升高的趋势, 当饲料中磷酸二氢钙的添加量降到0时, 黑鲷对干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。以上结果说明, 在本研究配方下, 黑鲷正常生长对饲料有效磷的需求量≥0.51%; 磷酸二氢钙可部分被植酸酶替代, 当黑鲷饲料中含有20%鱼粉、32%豆粕和12%菜粕, 且植酸酶添加量为200 mg/kg时, 与饲料中添加1%的磷酸二氢钙相当; 在不影响黑鲷生长的前提下, 植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙不仅可降低无机磷的添加, 同时可提高饲料中磷的利用率, 降低磷排放。

  相似文献   

4.
Taurine is a component that tends to be deficient in fish diets that contain higher plant‐derivative proteins. Acanthopagrus schlegelii juveniles (IBW ? 11.28 g) were fed nine diets containing SPC levels (SPC40, SPC60, SPC80 and SPC100), or supplemented with 5 g/kg of taurine at each replacement level. Our results showed higher WGR and SGR in SPC60 + TAU (WGR; 224.67, SGR; 2.10) followed by SPC40 + TAU (WGR; 221.75, SGR; 2.09). Phosphorus retention efficiency was significantly raised as the SPC increased when compared with the control diet. Taurine addition showed an incline in the nitrogen retention efficiency. An effect was observed within FR between fish and the SPC content. ADCs of dry matter, crude lipid and phosphorous were affected by SPC, while taurine addition affected only crude lipid. A significant effect was seen in ash and phosphorus by the SPC and taurine. TAU supplementation showed an increased T‐AOC activity in the SPC80 + TAU (1.90), while malondialdehyde and catalase activity were reduced except in completely replaced fish meal groups. It could be concluded that black sea bream can accept the substitution of FM with 60% of SPC while at the inclusion of dietary TAU (5 g/kg) growth could be improved.  相似文献   

5.
The effect of fish meal (FM) substitution with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in the diets of the carnivorous marine fish, black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, was investigated. An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted with black sea bream (11.82 ± 0.32 g; mean initial weight) in indoor flow‐through fiberglass tanks (25 fish per tank). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated, in which FM was replaced by FSBM at 0% (control diet), 10% (FSBM10), 20% (FSBM20), 30% (FSBM30), 40% (FSBM40), or 50% (FSBM50), respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish twice daily to apparent satiation. The results showed that there was no difference in survival of black sea bream during the feeding trial. Fish fed the FSBM10 or FSBM20 diet showed comparable growth performance compared with fish fed the control diet (P > 0.05), whereas more than 30% replacement of FM adversely affected weight gain and specific growth rate (P < 0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower for fish fed the FSBM50 diet compared with fish fed the control diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to increase with increasing dietary FSBM with the poorest FCR observed for fish fed the FSBM50 diet. Protein efficiency ratio and protein productive values showed similar patterns. Apparent digestibility of nutrients significantly decreased with increasing dietary FSBM level. With the exception of protein content, no significant differences in whole body and dorsal muscle composition were observed in fish fed the various diets. Fish fed the FSBM50 diet had significantly lower intraperitoneal ratio than fish fed the control or FSBM10 diet. Hepatosomatic index and condition factor were unaffected by dietary treatments. This study showed that up to 20% of dietary FM protein could be replaced by FSBM protein in the diets of juvenile black sea bream.  相似文献   

6.
The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus, gross energy and amino acids of 10 selected ingredients for juvenile hybrid tilapia (7.05 ± 0.09 g) were determined using 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. The feed ingredients tested in this study were corn gluten meal (CGM), corn byproduct, corn germ meal (CG), soybean meal (SBM), fermented soybean meal (FSM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), soy protein isolate, malt sprouts (MS), fish meal (FM) and earthworm meal (EM). The test diets were prepared by incorporation of 30% test ingredients into the reference diet. Reference and test diets were fed to the fish and the faecal samples were collected using a faecal collection column attached to the fish‐rearing tanks. The ADCs for dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus and gross energy were 41.7–98.9%, 90.6–99.6%, 73.1–98.8%, 34.1–98.6%, 49.5–99.6% and 45.4–99.7% respectively. Soy protein isolate, FM and EM had higher dry matter, crude protein and gross energy ADCs. Corn byproduct and EM had higher crude lipid ADCs, and CG and EM had higher phosphorus ADCs. Corn germ meal had the highest ash ADC, while CGM had the highest value for gross energy. The lowest dry matter, crude protein, lipid and gross energy ADCs occurred in MS, while the lowest ash and phosphorus ADCs occurred in SPC. The amino acid ADCs ranged from 83.3% to 100%, exhibiting a positive correlation with crude protein digestibility for a given test ingredient. The feed ingredient digestibility of this study may provide useful information about nutrient and energy utilization to facilitate formulation of least‐cost practical diets for hybrid tilapia.  相似文献   

7.
A 2 × 3 factorial design with triplicates examined the interaction between dietary inorganic phosphorus (IP) and phytase on growth, mineral utilization and phosphorus (P) mineralization in juvenile red sea bream. The treatments were three levels of dietary IP supplementation at 0, 2.5 and 5 g kg?1, either without or with phytase supplementation [2000 FTU kg?1; phytase unit is defined as the amount of enzyme activity which liberates 1 micromol of inorganic phosphorus per minute at pH 5.5 and 37 °C at a substrate concentration (sodium phytate) of 5.1 mmol L?1]. Juvenile red sea bream (IBW = 1.3 g ± 0.1) were stocked twelve fish per tank and fed for 50 days. Growth and feed efficiency were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by both dietary P and phytase supplementation. Feed intake and survival rate were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Both dietary IP and phytase supplementation significantly increased plasma IP and Mg levels. Concentration of vertebral mineral and scale P was significantly increased by both dietary treatments. A skeletal malformation syndrome of scoliosis occurred in fish fed both non‐IP and non‐phytase supplemented diet. Interaction between main dietary effects was detected for vertebral Zn, scale P and whole‐body ash and Mg content. With regard to growth and other examined productivity traits, phosphorus requirement of juvenile red sea bream can be met if supplemented with 2000 FTU phytase kg?1 or in the absence of phytase, by dietary inclusion of 2.5–5 g kg?1 of IP.  相似文献   

8.
Two 7‐week feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the capacity of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) to use soy protein concentrate (SPC) as a dietary fish meal substitute. In trial I, fish were fed with a control diet (C) containing 400 g kg?1 fish meal and other four diets in which the fish meal in diet C was replaced by SPC at 20 (R20), 40 (R40), 60 (R60) and 80% (R80). In trial II, a 3 × 2 design was used, and 40 and 80% of the fish meal in diet C were replaced by SPC, with or without 5 g kg?1 taurine supplementation (six diets, C + T, R40 + T, R80 + T, C, R40 and R80, were formulated). In trial I, no significant difference was found in the feed intake between feeding treatments. The weight gain and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) decreased, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and phosphorus retention efficiency (PRE) increased, with decreasing dietary levels of fish meal. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, FCR and NRE between fish fed diets C and R20, whereas fish fed diets C and R20 had higher weight gain than those fed diets R40, R60 and R80. In trial II, no significant differences were found in the feed intake, weight gain, FCR, NRE and PRE between fish fed diets C + T and C. No significant differences were found in the feed intake, weight gain and NRE between fish fed diets R40 and R40 + T or between fish fed diets R80 and R80 + T. At the end of trial II, no significant differences were found in the condition factor, hepatosomatic index and body composition between fish fed diets C and C + T, or between fish diets R40 and R40 + T, or between fish fed diets R80 and R80 + T, except that fish fed diet R40 had lower body protein content than that of fish fed diet R40 + T. The present study reveals that taurine supplementation can elevate fish meal replacement level by SPC in the golden pompano diets. Fish meal can be reduced from 400 to 320 g kg?1, if fish meal is substituted by SPC without taurine supplementation, and can be further reduced to 240 g kg?1, if fish meal is substituted by SPC with 5 g kg?1 taurine supplementation.  相似文献   

9.
《水生生物资源》1998,11(4):269-272
Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of macro- and micronutrients and energy of two diets were measured with common carp Cyprinus carpio reared at two water temperatures (18 and 25 °C). Two diets containing either soy protein concentrate (SPC) or Norwegian herring meal (FM) as a major protein source were formulated. Dicalcium phosphate was incorporated at a level of 4 % of the former diet. Duplicate groups of 20 fish (body weight: 55 g) were fed by hand twice a day to apparent satiety. After a 7-day conditioning period, faecal collection was made over 10 days using an automatic faeces collector. ADC of dry matter was not different (P > 0.05) between fish fed the two diets at 18 °C, but at 25 °C, we observed a higher ADC value in fish fed the FM diet than in those fed the SPC diet. ADC of protein was higher in fish fed the SPC diet than in the FM groups at either temperature. ADC of lipids was not different between the two groups at 25 °C but was found to be higher in fish fed the SPC diet than in the FM group at 18 °C. ADCs of energy and ash of the two fish groups remained constant at both water temperatures. Availability of phosphorus was significantly higher (P < 0.05) from fish meal based diets than from SPC based diets at both temperatures. A more striking effect of dietary protein source was found in the availability of calcium, which was lower in carp fed SCP based diets.  相似文献   

10.
We determined the effects of complete fishmeal (FM) replacement by alternative protein (soy protein concentrate, SPC) with guanosine monophosphate (GMP) supplementation on growth, digestibility, immunity, blood chemistry profile, and stress resistance of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major. FM protein of a FM-based control diet (FM0) was replaced with 33.3 (FM33.3), 66.6 (FM66.7), and 100% (FM100) by SPC protein, and each replacement group was supplemented with 0.4% GMP to formulate four experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (4.8 g) for 56 days. Results demonstrated that fish fed diet group FM33.3 had the significantly highest final weight, weight gain-specific growth rate, and feed intake. Meanwhile, in comparison to control, growth performance and feed utilization did not significantly differ with 66.7% FM replacement by SPC with GMP supplementation. Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and lipid also followed a similar trend. All growth, feed utilization, and digestibility parameters were significantly lower in FM100 diet group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglycerides (TG) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing FM replacement level by SPC. Interestingly, total cholesterol level reduces with the increasing level of FM replacement by SPC with GMP supplementation. Fish fed FM0 diet group showed the best condition of both oxidative and freshwater stress resistance. Meanwhile, FM33.3 and FM66.7 diet groups showed acceptable conditions. Innate immune responses enhanced with the increasing FM replacement level by SPC with GMP supplementation. In conclusion, FM could be replaced ≤66.7% by SPC with GMP supplementation in diets for red sea bream without any adverse effects on fish performances.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT:   This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of taurine supplementation for preventing green liver syndrome and improving growth performance in red sea bream Pagrus major fed a low-fishmeal (FM) diet. Yearling red sea bream were fed for 34 weeks on low-FM diets either supplemented with taurine, or without taurine, and the tissue taurine and bile pigment concentrations were measured. Compared to the fish fed the FM diet, fish fed the low-FM diet without taurine supplementation resulted in inferior feed performances and higher incidence of green liver related to the morphological transformation of the erythrocytes. In these fish, the hepatopancreatic taurine concentration was significantly lower and hepatopancreatic biliverdin concentration was high compared to the fish fed the FM diet. These parameters were markedly improved by taurine supplementation of the low-FM diet and were similar in levels to the fish fed the FM diet. These results indicate that green liver appearance and inferior feed performances of red sea bream fed the low-FM diet without taurine supplementation were caused by dietary taurine deficiency, and indicate the requirement of taurine supplementation to low-FM diets for red sea bream.  相似文献   

12.
Juvenile gilthead sea bream (initial body weight ca. 100 g) were reared in an indoor flow through marine water system for 1 year. Fish were fed two isoenergetic [19.2 kJ g−1 dry matter (DM)] and isoproteic (426 g kg−1 DM) diets either based on fish meal (diet FM) or on a mixture of plant protein sources (diet PP), replacing 75% of fish meal protein. The growth trial was conducted in duplicate, two tanks for each dietary treatment. Growth performance and feed utilization were registered. Fillet quality parameters were evaluated and sensory analyses on cooked fillet were performed. Both groups had similar weight gain and specific growth rates. Feed intake was higher in sea bream fed diet FM (0.48 versus 0.44), while feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in sea bream fed PP (0.83 versus 0.77 and 2.0 versus 1.76, respectively). Sea bream fed diet FM had a lower hepatosomatic index (0.80 versus 0.87%), and a higher fillet yield (45.9 versus 44.9%). The fillet from sea bream fed diet FM had higher moisture (696 versus 682 g kg−1), lower lipid levels (91 versus 100 g kg−1) with higher levels of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), while the PP fed sea bream presented a higher level of PUFA n‐6. There were minor differences in muscle free amino acid levels between the two diet groups. As regards sensory evaluation of cooked fillet, the judges were unable to discriminate the two dietary groups of fish. Summarizing, the results demonstrate the possibility to use diets containing high levels (750 g kg−1) of plant ingredients in gilthead sea bream without affecting growth performance and with minor effects on quality traits of commercial size sea bream.  相似文献   

13.
Corn gluten meal (CGM), pea protein isolate (PPI) and their mixture (CPP, 1:1 ratio) were evaluated as fishmeal (FM) alternatives in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles (9.02 ± 0.12 g). A FM diet was designed as control, and other six diets had 20% and 40% FM protein replaced by CGM, PPI and CPP, respectively, with the supplementation of crystalline methionine, arginine and lysine. After the 8‐week feeding trial, significantly lower weight gain was found in fish fed the 40% CGM diet (p < .05), whereas other treatments had no statistical difference (p > .05). The values of feed efficiency ratio and feed intake, as well as proximate compositions of muscle and whole body, were not significantly influenced in all treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine were significantly influenced by protein source. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly higher content of essential amino acid in muscle than that of the 20% PPI diet. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly lower content of serum cholesterol than other treatments (p < .05). Elevated serum superoxide dismutase activity was found in fish fed the 40% plant protein diets. In conclusion, between 20% and 40% FM protein could be replaced by CGM, while about 40% FM protein derived from PPI and CPP could be applied in black sea bream.  相似文献   

14.
Two experiments were conducted for red sea bream (Pagrus major). In experiment 1, the optimum level of glutamic acid and natural feeding stimulants to enhance feed intake were determined and found that glutamic acid level of 0.5% and fish meat hydrolysate (FMH) were effective. In experiment 2, fish were fed with soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based diet with synthetic feeding stimulants (Basal diet), the Basal diet with FMH (FMH diet), the FMH diet with glutamic acid (FMHG diet) and with fish meal diet (FM diet) as a control until satiation for 8 weeks. Feed intake of FMHG‐fed fish was significantly higher than others (p < 0.05). Specific growth rate and the feed conversion ratio of FMHG were comparable to those of FM‐fed fish (p > 0.05). Relative visceral fat ratio and crude lipid content of any SPC‐based diet‐fed fish tended to be lower than those of FM diet‐fed fish. There were no significant differences in trypsin and lipase activities hepatopancreas among treatments. SPC can be utilized as a sole protein source in a diet for red sea bream. The lower growth performance in SPC‐based diet‐ fed fish was not due to poor digestive enzyme secretion but could be associated with lipid utilization disorder.  相似文献   

15.
Effects of dietary phytase, amino acid (AA), and inorganic phosphorus (P) in soybean meal (SBM) diets on the growth, feed utilization, and P waste of Australian catfish, Tandanus tandanus, were evaluated. In Experiment 1, SBM replaced 30% of fishmeal (FM) protein in the four test diets, supplemented with phytase (1000–3000 FTU/kg). In Experiment 2, SBM replaced 45% of FM protein in the four test diets, supplemented with phytase, AAs, inorganic P, or their combinations. Inclusion of 3000 FTU/kg significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization of catfish. Ortho‐P waste was significantly lower in fish fed with SBM diets. At 30% FM protein replacement, dietary SBM did not reduce the total P waste of catfish while dietary phytase significantly did. At 45% FM protein replacement, phytase alone did not significantly improve the growth and feed utilization of catfish fed with SBM diets while significantly better results were obtained when both phytase and AAs were supplemented. Dietary inclusion of inorganic P significantly decreased P utilization and increased P waste of the fish. Dietary phytase significantly improved P utilization of catfish in both experiments.  相似文献   

16.
The necessity of dietary taurine supplementation for preventing green liver symptom and improving growth performance of red sea bream Pagrus major fed nonfishmeal (non-FM) diets was investigated. Yearling red sea bream (initial body weight, 580 g) were fed for 36 weeks on non-FM diets based on soy protein concentrate (SPC) supplemented with taurine at levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. Specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed the taurine-unsupplemented SPC diet were markedly inferior. In these fish, incidence of green liver was markedly higher and was accompanied by a decrease of tissue taurine concentration and an increase of hepatopancreatic bile pigment content. The green liver symptom was mainly caused by an increase of hemolysis since the erythrocytes became osmotically fragile due to taurine deficiency. Physiological abnormality and growth performance (SGR and FCR) were markedly improved by taurine supplementation to the SPC diets. These results indicate that dietary taurine supplementation is necessary for yearling red sea bream fed non-FM diet based on SPC to maintain normal physiological condition and growth performance.  相似文献   

17.
Marty Riche 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1047-1054
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile black sea bass Centropristis striata fed isonitrogenous diets (46% CP) with four lipid levels (7, 10, 13 and 16%) to identify dietary lipid levels supporting maximum weight gain and efficiency. Menhaden fish meal (FM) and animal protein concentrate (APC) were used in a 2×4 factorial experiment to evaluate effects of protein quality and lipid level on production. Weight gain, thermal growth coefficient, protein and energy retention, proximate composition and hepatic indices were evaluated. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in FM treatments and no protein sparing effect was observed. All growth, efficiency and retention parameters, except apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) among FM diets, were independent of dietary lipid. Based on proximate composition, diets should be restricted to no more than 13% lipid in 46% CP diet, and can be reduced to 7% without loss of growth and efficiency. Second order polynomial regressions on ANPU indicated 10–12% dietary lipid in a 46% CP diet is appropriate depending on protein quality. Reducing dietary lipid in current commercial feeds fed to black sea bass could represent a substantial cost savings in feed production.  相似文献   

18.
本研究通过在低鱼粉型膨化饲料中添加不同比例的混合型小麦蛋白(GWT,由小麦蛋白、低筋面粉和牛磺酸分别以77.5％、20.5％和2.0％的比例混合而成),逐步替代饲料中低温干燥鱼粉(LT-FM)或大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC),饲喂日本黄姑鱼(Nibea japonica)[初始体重为(12.83±0.91)g]和黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)幼鱼[初始体重为(15.40±0.02)g]59 d,研究其对2种鱼类血清生化指标和肝脏抗氧化指标的影响.本研究配制8种等氮、等能饲料(粗蛋白:44.1％-45.6％、总能:21.5-22.0 MJ/kg),其中,对照组饲料以LT-FM(20.0％)和SPC(21.4％)为主蛋白源,6种实验饲料以GWT分别替代对照组饲料中33.3％、66.7％和100％的LT-FM或SPC蛋白,另配制1种实验饲料(联合替代组),用GWT替代对照组饲料中50％的LT-FM和SPC蛋白.结果显示,用GWT替代对照组饲料中的LT-FM对日本黄姑鱼血清总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量以及肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著降低了血清总胆固醇(TC)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量(P＜0.05).相较对照组,GWT高比例(66.7％和100％)替代LT-FM引起日本黄姑鱼血清SOD活性的显著升高(P＜0.05).GWT替代对照组饲料中LT-FM或(和)SpC均未对黑鲷幼鱼血清中的TP、TG、TC、GLU含量、肝脏MDA含量和血清SOD活性产生显著影响(P＞0.05),而GWT完全替代LT-FM组、GWT替代33.3％和66.7％SPC组以及GWT联合替代组的黑鲷幼鱼肝脏SOD活性均显著上升(P＜0.05).总之,在本研究中,日本黄姑鱼相较黑鲷对低鱼粉饲料中鱼粉用量的进一步下降更为敏感,GWT高比例甚至完全替代LT-FM和SPC,未对黑鲷血清生化指标和肝脏抗氧化指标造成显著影响.本研究首次以小麦蛋白作为饲用蛋白源替代LT-FM和SPC在日本黄姑鱼和黑鲷中开展研究;实验采用低鱼粉型(20％)膨化实用饲料作为对照组.  相似文献   

19.
张静雅  任幸  李伟业  柳敏海  王力  王岩 《水产学报》2020,44(11):1873-1882
通过10周生长实验评价了利用棉籽浓缩蛋白替代条纹锯鮨(Centropristis striata)饲料鱼粉的潜力。采用单因素实验设计,设4个鱼粉替代水平。对照饲料(C)中鱼粉含量为35%,通过添加棉籽浓缩蛋白分别替代饲料C中鱼粉的40%(R40)、60%(R60)和80%(R80)。每个处理设3个重复。实验鱼初始体重为29.5 ± 0.5g。实验期间,每天分两次按饱食量投喂实验饲料。结果表明：利用棉籽浓缩蛋白替代饲料鱼粉对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用效率、鱼体组成和养殖废物(氮、磷和碳)排放量无显著影响,但单位鱼产量鱼粉消耗量(RCP)随饲料鱼粉含量下降而降低。基于生长、饲料成本、对环境的影响和RCP进行综合分析结果表明投喂饲料R80时养殖效益有别于投喂饲料C、R40和R60时。上述结果显示通过添加棉籽浓缩蛋白可将条纹锯鮨饲料鱼粉含量降低至7%。  相似文献   

20.
Experimental diets were formulated to evaluate a “pure” poultry meat meal (PMM) source in diets formulated for juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). The digestible protein contribution of fish meal in a control diet was substituted by 25%, 50% and 75% of a processed poultry meat meal (PMM) on a digestible crude protein (DCP) basis and by 5% and 10% for an enzyme‐treated feather meal (EFM) and also a spray‐dried haemaglobin meal (SDHM), respectively. In a consecutive trial, diets were designed to assess the value of a “pure” (defatted) poultry protein substituting the fish meal (FM) protein content. Experimental diets included: a control diet, two test diets where 75% of FM was replaced by a full‐fat PMM (PMM75) or a defatted grade of PMM (dPMM75) and two test diets where 50% of FM was substituted for defatted PMM (dPMM50) or a 50:50 blend of soya bean meal and defatted PMM (SBM/dPMM) to produce a composite product. This soya bean/dPMM blend was tested to enhance the nutritional value of this key plant ingredient commonly employed in sea bream diets that can be deficient in specific amino acids and minerals. In the first trial, gilthead sea bream grew effectively on diets containing up to the 75% replacement of FM attaining a mean weight of 63.6 g compared to 67.8 g for the FM control fed group. For the consecutive trial, the fishmeal‐based control diet yielded the highest SGR followed by dPMM50 and SBM/dPMM blend inclusion but was not significant. Carcass FA profiles of gilthead sea bream conformed to the expected changes in relation to the dietary FA patterns, with the 18:1n‐9 representative of the poultry lipid signature becoming more apparent with PMM inclusion. The ratio of n‐3/n‐6 fatty acids was greatly affected in sea bream fed the full‐fat PMM at 75% inclusion due to fish oil exclusion. Defatted dPMM, however, allowed more of the fish oil to be used in the diet and reducing this latter effect in sea bream carcass, hence restoring the higher total omega‐3 HUFA fatty acids namely EPA and DHA and n‐3/n‐6 ratio. It is concluded that poultry meat meal can be modestly incorporated into formulated diets for sea bream and can be used in conjunction with soya bean meal without any fundamental changes in performance and feed efficiency.  相似文献   

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