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1.
《森林与环境学报》2010,(1)
对广西南丹山口林场相似立地条件下速生阶段(11年生)的秃杉与杉木(第2代)人工林5种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca和Mg)的含量、积累量、年净积累量和分配进行了研究。结果表明,秃杉与杉木不同器官中营养元素含量排序均为树叶干皮树枝树根干材,林木各器官营养元素含量均以N最高,其次是Ca和K,Mg和P最低。秃杉人工林分营养元素贮存量为573.40kg.hm-2,明显高于杉木人工林(330.33kg.hm-2),其中乔木层、林下植被层和凋落物层分别为517.97、11.05和47.05kg.hm-2,分别占林分营养元素积累量的89.91%、1.92%和8.17%。5种营养元素贮存量在秃杉与杉木人工林乔木层的分配均为树叶树枝干材干皮或树根。秃杉人工林营养元素平均年净积累量为47.09kg.hm-.2a-1,是杉木人工林(26.55kg.hm-.2a-1)的1.77倍。秃杉的营养元素利用效率低于杉木,但明显高于马尾松、刺槐和马占相思。 相似文献
2.
根据定位观测的数据,探讨了杉木人工林凋落物量及其分解过程中碳素释放率.结果表明,14～16年生杉木人工林平均每年约有1 201.24 kg*hm-2凋落物,其中以针叶为最多,占凋落物总量的69.8%,其次是小枝,占24.54%,落果和其它碎屑物质仅占5.63%.不同组分的碳素含量高低顺序排列为:针叶＞落果＞碎屑＞枯枝,变异系数在3.36%～8.24%之间.针叶、枯枝的碳素含量均随时间的推移而下降,而其释放率均随时间的推移而增大,针叶中碳素的释放速率明显高于枯枝中碳素的释放速率.凋落物中碳素的释放规律与总干物质的分解速度并不完全一致.杉木人工林年凋落物碳素释放量约为149.25 kg·hm-2a-1,占凋落时碳素量(548.24 kg·hm-2a-1)的27.22%.经一年的分解后,针叶释放碳素量为120.12 kg·hm-2a-1,占总释放量的81.03%,枯枝、落果及其它碎屑释放碳素量为29.13 kg·hm-2a-1,占总释放量的18.97%. 相似文献
3.
为了更好提供林地营养科学基础数据,对滇中高原20年生云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)人工林的营养元素含量、积累及其分配特征进行测定。结果表明:云南松人工林器官中营养元素含量由高到低的排序为:树叶、树枝、树根、树干,氮元素的含量最高,钾和钙次之,镁较低,磷最低。营养元素的积累量为376.38 kg/hm^2,其中乔木层营养元素积累量为284.05 kg/hm^2,占整个林分的75.47%,灌木层、草本层和凋落物层的营养元素积累量在整个林分的比例分别为4.21%、15.18%和5.14%。营养元素年净积累量为14.20 kg/hm^2,树叶、树枝、树干和树根的年净积累量分别占林分年净积累量的38.03%、28.99%、18.46%和14.69%。云南松人工林每生产1t干物质所需氮、磷、钾、钙和镁等5种元素的量为7.55 kg,表明云南松人工林对这5种营养元素的利用效率较高。 相似文献
4.
灰木莲人工林营养元素分配及其积累特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南宁市46年生灰木莲人工林的9种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu)的含量、积累量、年净积累量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:灰木莲不同组分的营养元素含量大致为树叶>树皮>树根>树枝>干材。大量元素N、K在树根中的含量最高,P、Mg在树叶中的含量最高,而Ca则在树皮中含量最高;微量元素在各组分中的含量则以Mn最高,Fe、Zn次之,Cu最低。灰木莲人工林营养元素积累总量为1 948.78 kg/hm2,其中乔木层的营养元素积累量为1 715.22 kg/hm2,占林分营养元素积累总量的88.02%;草本层为74.33 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.81%;灌木层为83.19 kg/hm2,占总积累量的4.26%;凋落物层为76.04 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.90%。灰木莲人工林营养元素年净积累量为37.32 kg/(hm2·a),各组分营养元素年净积累量排列顺序为干材>树根>树皮>树叶>树枝。 相似文献
5.
研究广西南宁市马占相思人工林5种微量元素(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu和B)的分布和生物循环特征以及随林龄的变化趋势.结果表明:1)林木各组分微量元素含量表现为树叶＞枯枝＞干皮＞活枝＞树根＞干材,各组分中微量元素Mn含量最高,其次是Fe,zn和B,以Cu最低;2)林地土壤微量元素Fe含量最高,其次是Mn,Zn和B,以Cu最低;3)4,7和11年生马占相思人工林林分微量元素的总贮存量依次为13.953,22.357和28.835 kg·hm-2,其中乔木层微量元素贮存量占47.37%～58.68%,林下植被和凋落物微量元素贮存量分别占14.76%～23.54%和26.63%～29.10%;4)4年生马占相思人工林微量元素贮存量主要集中在树叶和树枝,7和11年生则主要集中在树干和树根;5)3个林龄林分微量元素年净积累量依次为1.536,1.750和1.652 kg·hm-2a-1,林木各组分微量元素年净积累量总的变化趋势为树干＞树枝或树根＞树叶＞树皮,同一组分各微量元素年净积累量变化顺序一致,即Mn＞Fe＞Zn(B)＞Cu;6)3个林龄林分微量元素年吸收量分别为5.423,5.862和5.273 kg·hm-2a-1,年归还量分别为3.771,4.112和3.737 kg-hm-2a-1,利用系数分别为0.821,0.479和0.312,循环系数分别为0.695,0.701和0.709,周转期分别为1.753,2.979和4.522年. 相似文献
6.
《西部林业科学》2015,(3)
为揭示米老排生长过程中养分元素积累特点和分配规律,采用Monsic分层切割法,对广西高峰林场12年生(中龄林)米老排人工林的5种养分元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量进行测量,分析其林分的积累量及分配特征。结果表明:(1)米老排不同器官养分元素含量依次为树叶树皮树枝树根树干;各器官养分元素含量表现为:树叶、树干和树根NKCaMgP;树枝为KCaNMgP;树皮为KNCaMgP。(2)米老排人工林养分总储量为1 310.36 kg/hm2,其中乔木层养分储量为1 177.74 kg/hm2,占总养分储量的89.88%;草本层、灌木层以及凋落物层的养分积累量分别为2.92 kg/hm2、3.93 kg/hm2和125.77 kg/hm2,分别占林分总积累量的0.20%、0.30%和9.60%。(3)乔木层养分元素年净积累量为98.15 kg/(hm2·a),各器官的年净积累量顺序为树干树枝树根树叶树皮。(4)米老排人工林乔木层每积累1 t干物质需要5种养分元素7.63 kg,其养分元素利用效率低于杉木,但明显高于马占相思、湿地松和灰木莲人工林。 相似文献
7.
2006年5月至2007年4月在广西凭祥市中国林科院热带林业实验中心伏波实验场,采用塑料网框收集法对米老排、西南桦、红椎、火力楠、马尾松、杉木6种人工林分凋落物的凋落量及凋落节律进行了研究,结果表明:不同树种林分凋落物的动态变化规律不同,凋落量也各异.在6种林分中,叶、杂物的凋落量以米老排最高,分别达4 748.23、1 881.07 kg·hm-2·a-1,西南桦最低,分别为2 641.32、153.88 kg·hm-2·a-1;枝凋落量以马尾松最高,达902.94 kg·hm-2·a-1,杉木最低,仅149.93 kg·hm-2·a-1.林分的年总凋落量也以米老排最高,达7 095.76kg·hm-2·a-1,西南桦最低,仅3 309.05 kg·hm-2·a-1,米老排林分的年总凋落量是西南桦的2.14倍,而红椎、杉木、马尾松、火力楠4种林分的年总凋落量比较相近,为5 555.61～5 864.87 kg·hm-2·a-1,相差不足6%.6种林分年总凋落量的差异极显著,多重比较显示,米老排与另外5个树种比较都达到了极显著差异,红椎和杉木与西南桦、火力楠、马尾松比较达极显著差异;火力楠、马尾松与西南桦比较达极显著差异. 相似文献
8.
《福建林业科技》2015,(4):33-36
以广西南宁市10年生灰木莲人工林为研究对象,研究其生长过程和生物生产力特征。结果表明:110年生灰木莲人工林平均胸径(去皮)、树高、单株材积分别达到13.4 cm、12.9 m、0.0909 m3;灰木莲树高和胸径生长均以前6 a最快,随后随林龄的增长而下降;材积生长在10年生时仍未达到峰值。210年生灰木莲人工林林分生物量为104.73 t·hm-2,其中乔木层、林下植被层和凋落物层生物量依次为93.54、0.24、10.95 t·hm-2,分别占89.31%、0.23%、10.46%。林分乔木层年净生产力为11.80 t·hm-2·a-1,不同器官净生产力大小顺序为树干、树叶、树根、树枝、树皮。 相似文献
9.
本文选择川西亚高山针叶纯林和针阔混交林作为研究对象,并于2007年7月～12月采用收集框法研究了森林凋落物量以及N、P、K养分归还量。结果表明,混交林凋落量(2 090.47 kg·hm-2)比针叶林凋落量(1 189.59kg.hm-2)高出43%,林分凋落动态和归还动态呈单峰型,其高峰都出现在10月份。混交林中阔叶对凋落量的贡献达69%。同时,阔叶的养分归还量大于针叶的养分归还量。混交林和针叶林养分归还量都表现为N﹥K﹥P,针阔混交林凋落物养分归还量大于针叶林。在川西亚高山地区针阔混交林比针叶纯林具有更强的自肥能力。 相似文献
10.
第2代杉木人工林营养元素积累的动态特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对第2代杉木人工林N、P、K、Ca和Mg等5种营养元素含量、积累量、年净积累量与分配及其随林分年龄的变化趋势进行了研究.结果表明:8年生,11年生和14年生林分营养元素积累量依次为325.18、343.55和482.61 kg/hm2,其中乔木层分别占78.31%、89.15%和85.64%,灌草层分别占10.90%,2.77%和5.28%,地表现存凋落物层分别占10.79%、12.13%和9.08%;乔木层均以N或Ca积累量最多,其次是K和P,Mg最小;不同组分营养元素积累量的分配随林分年龄的增长发生变化,由8年生和11年生以树叶和树枝为主,逐渐转移到14年生以干材、树根和树皮为主;林分营养元素年净积累量分别为31.83,27.84和29.52 kg/(hm2·a),林木中同一组分各营养元素年净积累量与各组分营养元素积累量变化顺序一致,即为N、K或Ca＞P＞Mg,3个林分年龄杉木林每积累1t干物质需要的营养元素总量分别为7.12、5.56和5.45 kg,其中对N或Ca的需求量最大,其次是K和P,Mg最小.因此,在杉木林的经营管理中,保护和恢复林下植被将有利于维持林地持久生产力. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献