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本文系统地研究并综合了有关杉木及其人工林自身特性对长期立地生产力的影响的研究资料,认为杉木及其人工林自身的特性存在许多对地力维护不利的因素：（1）杉木凋落物发生晚,大量凋落物发生在14－15a前后;（2）杉木枯死枝叶具宿存特性,10－15a期间大部分枯死枝叶在树上,影响枯死枝叶的分解;（3）杉木凋落物养分含量低,如N含量只有阔叶树的30％－50％,因此枯落物营养元素积累低;（4）凋落物分解速率慢,分解速度在45％以下,而宿存于树上的枯死枝叶分解速率更慢;（5）杉木为速生树种,尤其在15a年前生长量大,吸收养分多,而养分归还少,杉木人工林养分循环速率不及40％;（6）杉木人工林培育密度较大,在15a前很少有林下植物生长,在20a后才有较好的林下植被发育,人工林长期处在单一的群落结构,很难发挥林下植被对地力的维护和改良作用。从现有的研究资料看,杉木及其人工林自身对地力维护有不利影响,是引起杉木林地土壤肥力及长期生产力下降的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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亚热带米老排和杉木人工林土壤呼吸季节动态及其影响因子 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究我国亚热带地区杉木人工林采伐迹地上营造的19年生米老排人工林和杉木人工林土壤呼吸及其影响因子。结果表明：米老排人工林土壤呼吸速率的年均值为2.95μmolCO2·m -2 s -1,显著高于杉木人工林的2.37μmolCO2·m -2 s -1;米老排人工林土壤呼吸的 Q10值为1.83,显著低于杉木人工林的1.99;2种林分土壤呼吸均呈现明显的季节动态,主要受土壤温度的驱动,土壤温度能分别解释米老排和杉木人工林土壤呼吸速率变化的77.0%和81.6%;回归分析显示,2种林分土壤呼吸速率与凋落物量、细根生物量、土壤有机碳含量、轻组有机碳含量、微生物生物量碳含量和可溶性有机碳含量均显著相关;逐步线性回归分析表明,土壤呼吸速率与凋落物量和土壤微生物生物量碳含量的关系最密切;树种间凋落物量和土壤微生物生物量的差异是导致米老排人工林土壤碳排放速率高于杉木人工林的重要原因。 相似文献
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外加氮源及与林下植物叶混合对杉木林针叶分解和养分释放的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过外加氮源或将杉木针叶与林下植物叶混合来改变杉木林凋落物中针叶的养分状况,与杉木林针叶凋落物分解进行比较,分析针叶养分状况及其对杉木林凋落物分解速率和养分释放的影响。结果表明:将杉木针叶与林下植物叶混合和外加氮源均对凋落物分解有不同程度的促进作用。经过153d的分解后,未经处理的杉木针叶干质量损失率为20·49%,与林下植物叶混合的凋落物干质量损失率为43·67%,其促进作用最大;外加4gNaNO3的促进作用次之,凋落物干质量损失率为42·07%;外加2g NaNO3的凋落物干质量损失率为29·13%。对分解过程中各试验方案的凋落物干质量保留率进行方差分析,在开始的62d内,与林下植被叶混合的杉木针叶凋落物分解速率和其他3种处理之间的差异显著,62d后未经处理的杉木针叶与加2g NaNO3的凋落物的分解速率没有显著差异,它们与加4g NaNO3或林下植物叶的凋落物的分解速率差异显著。凋落物分解速率与凋落物初始C∶N比值存在显著的线性关系。外加N源和与林下植物叶混合后,凋落物N的含量增加0·6~1·6倍,C∶N比值下降0·4~0·6倍,凋落物底物质量提高,分解速率增大。分解过程中,C质量不断下降,损失24·7%~47·4%,杉木针叶中N出现富集作用,外加N源和与林下植物叶混合的凋落物N释放一定数量后保持稳定的状态。可见,外加适量N源和与林下植物叶混合能提高凋落物底物质量,促进凋落物分解和养分的释放,对维持杉木林的土壤肥力有着重要作用。 相似文献
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杉木凋落物归还林地供其再度吸收和利用是杉木人工林生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要途径。虽然前人对杉木人工林、混交林凋落物的特性和养分循环进行了大量的实验与研究,并取得了一定的成果,对凋落物的特性与土壤养分循环有了较深的了解,但杉木凋落物对土壤各项物理性质影响的相关综合论述类文献较少。文章通过分析近年大量的研究成果和数据,运用对比、举例说明的方法阐述了杉木凋落物对土壤容重、孔隙度、通气性、水分、温度、团聚体等物理性质的影响,并对改善杉木人工林地的土壤性质进行了探讨。 相似文献
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杉木是我国南方主要用材树种,材质优良,用途广泛,具有较高的经济价值。但因其针叶养分含量低、分解慢、林地自肥能力差,因此,长期经营纯林会导致林地地力衰退,生产力下降,二代难以培育大径材。选择适宜与杉木混交的树种营造混交林,增加树种多样性,对提高杉木人工林生态系统稳定性和维持地力 相似文献
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根据定位观测的数据,探讨了杉木人工林凋落物量及其分解过程中碳素释放率.结果表明,14～16年生杉木人工林平均每年约有1 201.24 kg*hm-2凋落物,其中以针叶为最多,占凋落物总量的69.8%,其次是小枝,占24.54%,落果和其它碎屑物质仅占5.63%.不同组分的碳素含量高低顺序排列为:针叶＞落果＞碎屑＞枯枝,变异系数在3.36%～8.24%之间.针叶、枯枝的碳素含量均随时间的推移而下降,而其释放率均随时间的推移而增大,针叶中碳素的释放速率明显高于枯枝中碳素的释放速率.凋落物中碳素的释放规律与总干物质的分解速度并不完全一致.杉木人工林年凋落物碳素释放量约为149.25 kg·hm-2a-1,占凋落时碳素量(548.24 kg·hm-2a-1)的27.22%.经一年的分解后,针叶释放碳素量为120.12 kg·hm-2a-1,占总释放量的81.03%,枯枝、落果及其它碎屑释放碳素量为29.13 kg·hm-2a-1,占总释放量的18.97%. 相似文献
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福建柏和杉木人工林凋落物性质的比较 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：20
对福建柏和杉木人工林凋落物数量、组成、季节动态、养分和能量归还及物质化学组成进行了 3a的研究 ,结果表明 :福建柏、杉木林的年均凋落物量分别为 731 83g·m- 2 、5 4 6 85g·m- 2 ,前者是后者的 1 34倍 ,其中落叶分别占总凋落量的 6 5 2 9%和 5 8 2 9% ,而福建柏林落枝、落果和其它组分占总凋落量的比例则比杉木林的低。福建柏林凋落物总量在 5月 (2 0 0 0年为 2月 )和 11— 12月出现两次峰值 ,且第 2次峰值远比第 1次高 ;杉木林总凋落物量 1年出现 3次峰值 (4或 5月、8月和 11月 ) ,且峰值较为接近。福建柏林凋落物年养分和能量总归还量分别为 13 96 1g·m- 2 和 14 6 36 5 8kJ·m- 2 ,杉木林的则分别为 12 0 0 5g·m- 2 和 12 2 91 17kJ·m- 2 ,前者分别是后者的 1 16倍和 1 19倍 ,其中福建柏林通过落叶归还的养分和能量则分别是杉木林的 1 6 3倍和 1 2 9倍。福建柏落叶N、P浓度和易分解物质 (水溶性物、半纤维素和粗蛋白 )含量高于杉木 ,而难分解物质 (如纤维素、木质素 )的含量低于杉木 ,且C N、C P、木质素 N及木质素 P的比值也比杉木落叶的低。说明福建柏林凋落量比杉木大 ,落叶质量亦比杉木的高。 相似文献
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为了系统地研究杉木人工林的栽培营养，对５、１０、１５、１９上生不同地位指数（１４、１６、１８）的杉木枯损枝叶的生物量培养、养分含量、养分积累和分布进行研究，结果表明：杉木枯损枝叶包括保留在树体上的未凋落和在地面上的已凋落两个部分，在研究杉木林分枯损枝叶时不可忽视未凋落部分。枝叶总枯损量随地位指数的提高而增加，随林龄的变化是在１０年生时最大，１５年生以后随林龄增加又有一定增加。杉木枯损枝叶中养分的总 相似文献
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Biomass production,nutrient cycling and distribution in age-sequence Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolate) plantations in subtropical China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业研究》2016,(2)
Biomass production and nutrient(N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation, distribution and cycling were quantified in young, mature and over-mature(10-, 22-, and34-year old) Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolate(Lamb.) Hook] plantations in southern China. Total stand biomass of young, mature and over-mature stands was 38,104 and 138 t ha-1respectively. Biomass production increased significantly with age. Stem wood represented the highest percentage of stand biomass, accounting for 41,55 and 63 % in the young, mature and over-mature plantations respectively. Nutrients concentration was highest in live needles and branches, and lowest in stem wood. The plantations accumulated more N, followed by K, Ca, Mg,and P. Nutrient return amount, nutrient utilization efficiency, nutrient turnover time, the ratio of nutrient returnand uptake increased with stand age, which implies that young Chinese fir deplete soil nutrients to maintain growth,and efficiently utilize nutrients to decrease dependence on soil nutrients as they age. Harvesting young Chinese fir plantations would therefore lead to high nutrient loss, but prolonging the rotation length could improve soil recovery,and help sustain productivity in the long-term. Improved nutrient return through litterfall as stands get older may also be beneficial to nutrient pool recovery. 相似文献
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Lili Zhou Addo-Danso Daniel Shalom Pengfei Wu Zongming He Chunhua Liu Xiangqing Ma 《林业研究》2016,27(2):357-368
Biomass production and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation, distribution and cycling were quantified in young, mature and over-mature (10-, 22-, and 34-year old) Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.) Hook] plantations in southern China. Total stand biomass of young, mature and over-mature stands was 38, 104 and 138 t ha?1 respectively. Biomass production increased significantly with age. Stem wood represented the highest percentage of stand biomass, accounting for 41, 55 and 63 % in the young, mature and over-mature plantations respectively. Nutrients concentration was highest in live needles and branches, and lowest in stem wood. The plantations accumulated more N, followed by K, Ca, Mg, and P. Nutrient return amount, nutrient utilization efficiency, nutrient turnover time, the ratio of nutrient return and uptake increased with stand age, which implies that young Chinese fir deplete soil nutrients to maintain growth, and efficiently utilize nutrients to decrease dependence on soil nutrients as they age. Harvesting young Chinese fir plantations would therefore lead to high nutrient loss, but prolonging the rotation length could improve soil recovery, and help sustain productivity in the long-term. Improved nutrient return through litterfall as stands get older may also be beneficial to nutrient pool recovery. 相似文献
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Nutrient cycling and distribution in different-aged plantations of Chinese fir in southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The distribution in tree biomass and understorey vegetation and annual biological and geochemical cycling of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were measured in young, middle-aged and mature plantations (8-, 14- and 24-years old) of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) in southern China. Although >98% of nutrients occurred in the soil, soil nutrient content decreased with plantation age. Nutrient outputs from the soil exceeded inputs in stands of all ages but the net soil nutrient loss increased significantly for N, P and Ca with plantation age. Comparison of nutrient fluxes showed that the smallest (and hence limiting for nutrient cycling) fluxes were litter decomposition in the young plantation in contrast to canopy fluxes (apart from for Mg) in the middle-aged and mature plantations. Nutrient use efficiency, release of nutrients from litter decomposition and nutrient return, particularly in litterfall, increased significantly with plantation age. These results suggest that, as stand age increases, nutrient cycling in Chinese fir plantations is increasingly dominated by biological processes and becomes less dependent on external nutrient sources in rainfall and the soil. It therefore appears that prolonging the rotation length of Chinese fir plantations by approximately 5 years could be beneficial for maintaining the soil nutrient status for successive plantings. 相似文献
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Chinese fir [(Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook (Taxodiaceae)] plantations are helping to meet China's increasing demands for timber, while, at the same time, sequestering carbon (C) above and belowground. The latter function is important as a means of slowing the rate that CO2 is increasing in the atmosphere. Available data are limited, however, and even if extensive, would necessitate consideration of future changes in climatic conditions and management practices. To evaluate the contribution of Chinese fir plantations under a range of changing conditions a dynamic model is required. In this paper, we report successful outcome in parameterizing a process-based model (3-PG) and validating its predictions with recent and long-term field measurements acquired from different ages of Chinese fir plantations at the Huitong National Forest Ecosystem Research Station. Once parameterized, the model performed well when simulating leaf area index (LAI), net primary productivity (NPP), biomass of stems (WS), foliage (WF) and roots (WR), litterfall, and shifts in allocation over a period of time. Although the model does not specifically include heterotrophic respiration, we made some attempts to estimate changes in root C storage and decomposition rates in the litterfall pool as well as in the total soil respiration. Total C stored in biomass increased rapidly, peaking at age 21 years in unthinned stands. The predicted averaged above and belowground NNP (13.81 t ha−1 a−1) of the Chinese fir plantations between the modeling period (from 4 to 21-year-old) is much higher than that of Chinese forests (4.8–6.22 t ha−1 a−1), indicating that Chinese fir is a suitable tree species to grow for timber while processing the potential to act as a C sequestration sink. Taking into account that maximum LAI occurs at the age of 15 years, intermediate thinning and nutrient supplements should, according to model predictions, further increase growth and C storage in Chinese fir stands. Predicted future increases (approximately 0–2 °C) in temperature due to global warming may increase plantation growth and reduce the time required to complete a rotation, but further increases (approximately 2–6 °C) may reduce the growth rate and prolong the rotational age. 相似文献
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A series ofresearches on the nutrition problems in the cultivation of Chinese fir seedlings and plantations, which are mainly focus on the problems of serious land degradation in Chinese fir plantations in contradiction with the rapid development of the plantations in China, were summarized. Twelve years was taken and more than 30 pieces of research papers were published for the researches, which refers to the problems of growth effect, physiological effect, vegetation variation, biomass accumulation, nutrition dynamic, accumulation and distribution 相似文献
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在福建省邵武市洪墩采育场，调查丝栗栲林标地１０块，做平均木、树干解析木９株，杉木人工林标地２块，研究丝栗栲的生长与生产力，结果表明：丝栗栲林的胸径、树高及单株材积总生长量，均随年龄的增加而增加；胸径２０ａ前生长最快；树高１６ａ前生长最快；材积３６ａ时尚未有下降的趋势。胸径、树高平均生长量，随年龄增加而增加，当生长量达高峰后，则随年龄的增加而下降；胸径生长高峰，好立地１２ａ，中、劣立地１５ａ；树高生长高峰，好立地１０ａ，中立地８ａ，劣立地１２ａ；材积平均生长量，随年龄增加而增加，好、劣立地３６ａ时仍未下降，中立地３４ａ时生长量最大。胸径、树高连年生长量随年龄增加而下降；材积连年生长量，随年龄增加而增加，当生长量达高峰后，则随年龄增加而下降，生长高峰出现的年龄，好立地２８ａ，中立地２２ａ，劣立地２６ａ。在相似的立地条件下，丝栗栲林的蓄积量比杉木人工林低，但乔木层总生物量比杉木林高。 相似文献
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在全国杉木中心产区，选择不同栽植代数（1、2、3代）、不同发育阶段（5、10、15、20a)、不同立地（14、16、18地位指数）的杉木人工林，进行不同栽植代数杉木林林下植被变化的比较研究，结果表明：栽植代数对杉木林林下植被发育有较大影响，不同栽植代数杉木林林下植被种类、频度及生物量均存在明显差异。1、2、3代杉木林林下植被物种丰富度分别为69、54、59种，并未出现不同代数杉木林的特有种，但不同代数杉木林林下植被物种出现的频度不同；随栽植代数增加，杉木林林下植被生物量及其分积累均呈递增趋势，其养分浓度高于杉木凋落物，2、3代杉木林林下植被的养分积累分别比1代增加16．90％和37．49％，杉木林林下植被具有较好的养分富集能力。 相似文献
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《Southern Forests》2013,75(3):245-251
The removal of biomass, in any combination of stemwood, bark or branch harvesting, can cause a significant increase in nutrient loss from commercial timber plantations. Ensuring long-term site productivity of forest plantations is a key issue for forestry management. Managers need to secure a continued supply of tree biomass components, while understanding the impact of various harvesting operations on plantation nutrient reserves. It is imperative to quantify the biomass and nutrient stocks and their removal during silvicultural operations, such as harvesting, burning and various forms of site preparation. At present, there are no simple methods to estimate inherent site nutrient reserves, or nutrient gains through processes such as atmospheric deposition or rock weathering, or the quantities of nutrients lost through silvicultural operations (harvesting, burning and site preparation). The aim of this work was to construct simple multipliers that can be used in conjunction with plantation timber volumes to estimate stem, branch and bark biomass and nutrient contents. The multipliers were developed from data existing for Eucalyptus spp., Pinus patula and Acacia mearnsii stands throughout the summer rainfall region of South Africa and Swaziland. Due to limited data unique nutrient multipliers were not developed for each productivity range and the multipliers were assumed to be consistent across all productivity ranges. The ratios may underestimate on fertile sites where luxury consumption of nutrients may occur and not accurately predict where stand management practices have altered wood density, allometry or canopy architecture. Although genus and species impacted on the quantity of nutrients held in the plantation biomass, productivity and harvesting intensity were the biggest driver of nutrient removal. Although the multipliers developed here have value in creating a general estimate of nutrient content they are from a limited dataset and need to be expanded upon across species, site and age ranges before being able to precisely estimate nutrient contents. Although harvesting is a major component of nutrient export, natural additions and losses of nutrients, and site nutrient reserves need to be known in order to gain a complete understanding of the impact of nutrient loss on site nutrient reserves. 相似文献
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杉木建筑材林密度管理技术与生长效应的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据杉木人工林现有林调查材料、固定样地材料及密度管理试验林材料，分析了不同立地类型、不同密度的杉木林分生长效应，在建立数学模型的基础上，提出了杉木建筑材林合理密度管理技术。 相似文献