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1.
泥鳅几项正常血液指标及其与性别的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
徐未宇 《水产科学》2004,23(8):15-17
以60尾泥鳅为材料,测定了红细胞数、白细胞总数、血红蛋白值、白细胞分类记数、红细胞脆性与红细胞大小等正常血液指标,并统计了性别对其血液指标的影响。结果如下:红细胞数为(227 28±43 96)×104个 mm3;白细胞数为(2 56±0 86)×104个 mm3;血红蛋白含量为(12 26±1 89)g 100ml;白细胞分类计数中淋巴细胞占(28 67±8 27)%,血栓细胞占(26 46±5 33)%,中性粒细胞占(43 83±8 37)%;而单核细胞、嗜碱性白细胞以及嗜酸性白细胞观测到的数目很少;红细胞最大抵抗强度为(0 31±0 04)g 100ml;红细胞大小(长径×短径)为:(11 50±1 55)μm×(8 66±1 29)μm;红细胞核大小(长径×短径)为:(5 59±1 04)μm×(3 90±0 89)μm。性别对红细胞数量及红细胞核大小均有显著影响,对其它的血液常数指标则无显著影响。  相似文献   

2.
为了证实微生态净水剂(含菌量10×109/g)可以提高虾体免疫力和对污染物(如农药)的抵抗力,在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannmei)养殖过程中,设置了施用微生态净水剂的实验组和未用微生态净水剂的对照组,采用肌肉注射的方式,对2组凡纳滨对虾进行乙酰甲胺磷毒性实验。注射乙酰甲胺磷后,采样测定血细胞吞噬化学发光情况,组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、酯酶活性以及酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶表型变化。结果表明:施用微生态净水剂组明显好于对照组。施用微生态净水剂的虾注射乙酰甲胺磷后死亡率降低,血细胞的吞噬功能也有所增加,虾体组织内SOD、POD、LSZ、酯酶活性变化较未用组的虾变化幅度较小,其中,SOD、POD活性等高于未用组,EST、MDH同工酶酶带数目也有增加。说明微生态净水剂从本质上增强虾体内代谢、提高虾体的免疫力、增强其对外界环境变化适应能力,并具有提高虾体防御功能,增强抵抗疾病能力的作用。  相似文献   

3.
冷藏和微冻条件下鲤鱼品质变化的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
为了了解淡水养殖鲤鱼在冷藏和微冻贮藏条件下的品质变化情况,本研究将经前处理后的鲜活鲤鱼分别贮藏于4℃和-3℃冰箱中,测定了菌落总数(TVC)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)以及K值等指标的变化。结果显示:冷藏第12天鲤鱼的菌落总数为5.67 logcfu/g,微冻第40天为5.72 logcfu/g;冷藏第8天时TVB-N值为10.55 mg/100 g,微冻第30天TVB-N值为18.85 mg/100 g;冷藏条件下TBA值在贮藏的第14天为0.52 mg/kg,微冻第40天为1.06 mg/kg,均未超过2.00 mg/kg;冷藏第8天K值为55.96%,微冻第30天K值为53.99%。综合各指标变化,4℃和-3℃贮藏鲤鱼的贮藏期分别为8 d和30d,-3℃的微冻贮藏较4℃贮藏鲤鱼贮藏期延长了2.75倍。  相似文献   

4.
本试验研究了在80∶20养殖模式池塘中应用微生态制剂的生产效益及经济效益。试验塘两口,面积均为0.13hm2,水深为1~1.3 m,放养平均体质量242g的鲤鱼0.42kg/m3,160g鲢鱼和330g鳙鱼0.07kg/m3。处理组鲤鱼投喂添加微生态制剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ(每千克饲料各5mL的饲料,对照组鲤鱼只投喂同样颗粒饲料。40d和80d的养殖试验表明,处理组鲤鱼的平均体质量(627g)高于对照组鲤鱼(565g),质量增加量(8961.67kg/hm2)较对照组(6319.80kg/hm2)高2641.87kg/hm2,增加41.8%;处理组滤食性鲢和鳙质量增加量低于对照组。处理组池水氨氮含量低,pH值正常,溶氧量高;饲料系数(饲料成本)比对照组低7.8%;处理组鱼总产值比对照组增加了36 888.90元/hm2。  相似文献   

5.
3种微生态制剂对鲤鱼生产性能和体成分的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
为考察饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌、复合芽孢杆菌、加酶益生素I 3种微生态制剂对鲤鱼生产性能的影响,选择180尾初始体质量[平均体质量(43.67±0.55) g]相近的健康鲤鱼,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理3个重复,共12个重复,每个重复饲养15尾鲤鱼,分别饲喂:A(对照组)、B(添加枯草芽孢杆菌1000 mg/kg)、C(添加复合芽孢杆菌,2500 mg/kg)、D(添加加酶益生素I,100 mg/kg)4种不同饲料,试验期45 d.试验结果表明,①饲料中添加微生态制剂有提高鲤鱼的生产性能的趋势,但与其他各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),其中以添加枯草芽孢杆菌的效果最好;②饲料中添加不同微生态制剂对鲤鱼躯体肥满度、成活率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05).③不同微生态制剂对鲤鱼的体蛋白含量、脂肪含量和水分含量影响不显著(P>0.05),但加酶益生素I可显著提高鱼体灰分含量(P<0.05).  相似文献   

6.
本研究开展了对日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica) 精养殖土池,定期泼洒施用一种复合微生物制剂（Freshplus净水剂）的对比试验,定期监测了处理组和对照组池塘的水温、pH、溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、COD、碱度等水质指标,并分析对比了鳗鱼养殖效果。结果表明：Freshplus净水剂的施用能显著降低鳗鱼土池水体氨氮浓度60.5% (p＜0.05)、显著提高鳗鱼生长速度33.0% (p＜0.05),降低饲料系数9.6% (p＜0.1)。  相似文献   

7.
试验匙吻鲟幼鱼400尾,均经过膨化饲料驯食,并完全适应网箱的养殖环境。试验分处理组和对照组,匙吻鲟幼鱼各200尾,对照组体重(56.28±15.43)g,处理组体重(55.77±16.82)g。处理组在基础日粮中拌和微生态制剂A(7.47×107cfu/g)和B(2.23×108cfu/g)各5 m L/kg,试验时间80 d,评估微生态制剂对匙吻鲟生长性能、体组成及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:处理组匙吻鲟的末重[(296.89±86.17)g]显著高于对照组[(275.03±85.14)g](P0.05),躯干长[(24.55±2.22)cm]和全长[(47.35±3.54)cm]极显著高于对照组[(23.55±2.33)cm,(46.16±3.87)cm](P0.01),饲料系数(2.02)低于对照组(2.11),相对增重率和特定生长率较对照组分别提高了11.24%和5.56%;脏体比、肝体比、肠长比等生物学性状和肌肉及肝脏的体组成与对照组均无显著差异(P0.05);处理组血清谷丙转氨酶[(200.14±35.85)U/m L]和γ谷氨酰转肽酶[(0.76±0.36)U/m L]活性显著低于对照组[(253.80±23.72)U/m L,(1.33±0.32)U/m L](P0.05),谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白/球蛋白、葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白的活性或含量与对照组均无显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加微生态制剂能够提高匙吻鲟的生长性能和饲料利用率,改善其健康状况。  相似文献   

8.
为综合评价不同养殖模式下的鲤鱼品种的免疫能力,该试验比较分析了清远连山禾花鲤稻田养殖品种和肇庆麦溪鲤养殖品种的血液生理生化及免疫指标。结果显示:在两个鲤品种的血液生理指标中,禾花鲤血液中的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、淋巴细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比显著低于麦溪鲤;在两个鲤品种的血液生化指标中,禾花鲤的血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白、球蛋白显著高于麦溪鲤(P0.05),禾花鲤的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酐极显著高于麦溪鲤(P0.01)。在两个鲤品种的免疫指标中,麦溪鲤血液中的丙二醛(MDA)含量、溶菌酶(LZM)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)均显著强于禾花鲤(P0.05)。研究表明:禾花鲤的免疫能力、耐低氧能力和肝脏、肾脏的解毒能力均在一定程度上弱于麦溪鲤。可以认为禾花鲤的养殖难度大于麦溪鲤,应在养殖中更加注重养殖环境的调控。  相似文献   

9.
3种滤料生物滤器的挂膜与黑鲷幼鱼循环水养殖效果   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
采用微生态净水剂作为菌种,对3种生物滤料(陶环、弹性毛刷和爆炸棉)构建的生物滤器进行生物膜培养,并以3种生物滤器为基础构建简易循环水养殖系统,进行黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)幼鱼养殖实验。结果表明,陶环生物滤器、弹性毛刷生物滤器和爆炸棉生物滤器的生物膜成熟时间分别为25 d、32 d和28 d。黑鲷幼鱼经过40d的饲喂,3个实验组鱼的体质量与对照组相比,均差异显著(P<0.05),成活率均达到95%以上;实验组鱼血清溶菌酶(LSZ)活性和肝组织总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组鱼体消化道内菌群数量及其多样性要明显高于对照组。结果表明,不同滤料在相同工况条件下挂膜成熟时间不同;微生态净水剂作为挂膜菌种效果良好;循环水系统养殖模式不仅可以提高鱼体的生长速度,还能增强鱼体免疫性能。  相似文献   

10.
为探究人工养殖环境条件下长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)的生理状况,采集了8尾(雌、雄各4尾)长江鲟后备亲本的血液,检测了血清激素、血清抗氧化指标、血清免疫力指标、血清离子和血清能量代谢酶等22项血清生化指标,分析其变异水平,并对比评估了雌、雄个体之间血清生化指标的差异。结果显示,皮质醇等6项指标的变异系数<20%,生长激素等9项指标的变异系数在20%～50%,促甲状腺素等4项指标的变异系数在50%～100%;另外,睾酮、泌乳素、甲状腺素等3项指标检测出其浓度范围,其中睾酮浓度最小值小于0.03 ng/mL,最大值大于15.00 ng/mL,泌乳素浓度小于1.00μIU/mL,甲状腺素浓度最小值0.01 nmol/L,最大值10.65 nmol/L;雌、雄个体血清K+浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05),其他指标则差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,人工养殖长江鲟不同个体间大部分血液生化指标变异较大,可考虑将K+作为养殖长江鲟性别判定的指标。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

19.
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.  相似文献   

20.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

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