共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
[目的]基于转录组数据开发适用于桤木属树种的SSR标记,揭示其在转录组序列中的分布类型及特征,为桤木属树种分子标记辅助育种提供有利工具。[方法]利用Micro SAtellite(MISA)软件对所有转录组序列进行SSRs搜索,并对SSR位点的数量、分布特征进行统计分析。设计100对SSR引物,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和毛细管电泳分离检测方法对3种不同倍性桤木属植物(12份材料)进行遗传多样性检测,确定引物多态性及通用性。[结果]85 769条Unigenes序列中发现8 678个SSR位点,分布在8 298条Unigenes中发生频率为9.67%,转录组序列中平均每14.04 kb长度就有一个SSR位点分布。其中,二核苷酸重复类型数量最多,占65.87%。根据转录组Unigenes序列,利用Primer 3软件共设计出4 531对符合要求的引物,挑选出的100对SSR引物中,获得18对多态性高、稳定性好的SSR引物。[结论]本研究可扩增出多态性位点的引物重复单元以二、三核苷酸重复为主。基于桤木属转录组序列的SSR标记开发是可行的,开发的引物为桤木属遗传多样性分析、分子育种、遗传图谱构建和功能基因的挖掘提供了丰富的候选分子标记。 相似文献
2.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(9)
分析云南金花茶转录组中的SSR位点信息及其序列分布特征,为SSR引物的大量开发奠定前期基础。利用MISA软件分析了云南金花茶转录组数据155 011条Unigenes的SSR位点信息,在云南金花茶转录组中共检测到30 435个SSR位点,出现频率为19.63%,平均3.46 kb就出现1个SSR位点。而重复基元类型从二核苷酸到六核苷酸均有出现,其中二核苷酸重复基元为主要类型,占SSR总数的71.44%;其次是三核苷酸,占SSR总数的25.48%;四核苷酸到六核苷酸仅占3.08%。AG/TC与CT/GA是二核苷酸的优势重复基元,分别占总基元的26.75%与25.17%;CTT/GAA与AGA/TCT是三核苷酸的优势重复基元,分别占总数的2.64%与2.23%。根据云南金花茶转录组测序结果,云南金花茶转录组的SSR位点出现的频率较高,具有丰富的基元类型,并且有较高的重复次数,具有较高的多态性潜力。随机选出50对设计的SSR引物用于检测,其中有14对引物能扩增出清晰且单一的谱带。对云南金花茶转录组数据中SSR位点信息进行分析,可为其SSR引物的设计与筛选、SSR遗传多样性分析以及种质资源的保护提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
基于转录组序列的楠木SSR分子标记开发 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《林业科学》2016,(11)
【目的】通过对楠木转录组数据的分析,开发楠木SSR分子标记技术,为楠木遗传多样性分析和资源保护提供保障。【方法】将楠木高通量转录组测序获得的67 331条Unigene进行简单重复序列(SSR)位点挖掘和分析,并结合引物验证,初步证明其可行性。【结果】通过软件分析,共获得9 405个SSR位点,出现频率为13.97%,涉及序列数量为6 667条,发生频率为9.90%。SSR序列中包括166种重复基元类型,其中,单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸为优势重复类型,SSR位点数分别为3 890(41.36%),2 885(30.68%),2 489(26.46%)。SSR位点重复次数差别较大,其中重复10次比例最高,SSR位点数为1 621(17.24%),其次是5次(1 549,16.47%)和6次(1 495,15.90%)。主导重复基元类型为A/T(40.67%),AG/CT(27.59%),AAG/CTT(11.29%)。运用多态性分析的方式初步验证了SSR位点在楠木标记中的可行性。同时,利用Primer 3.0进行引物设计,随机筛选18对进行验证,9对引物可以扩增出预期大小的条带。【结论】通过对楠木高通量转录组序列的SSR信息的研究,获得6 667条SSR序列,主导重复类型为A/T,AG/CT和AAG/CTT。同时随机挑选18对引物对SSR分子标记方法进行验证。本文对楠木SSR标记的研究将有助于楠木基因挖掘、分子标记育种和资源保护。 相似文献
4.
《林业科学》2021,(6)
【目的】基于转录组测序数据开发苦楝SSR标记,为苦楝种质资源的选育、评价和遗传改良提供理论基础和科学依据。【方法】利用Illumina Hi Seq~(TM)2500平台对苦楝叶片进行高通量测序,分别利用Trinity、MISA软件对转录组数据进行拼接组装、序列检索及SSR分布类型和特征分析。采用Primer 3软件设计合成100对SSR引物,分别用2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和PAGE凝胶电泳进行初步筛选和多态性筛选。【结果】共获得Unigenes 20 077条,平均长度为1 431.82 bp,N50为1 955 bp;对Unigenes进行SSR位点的发掘和分析,发现4 116条Unigenes序列中含有5 469个SSR位点,SSR的发生频率为20.50%,平均分布距离为8.74 kb;单、二、三核苷酸重复单元分别占总SSR的50.23%、24.43%和22.11%; SSR重复单元以6～10次重复的最多,占总数的51.27%。筛选出16对多态性引物并进行PCR扩增,共检测到56个等位基因片段,平均每个位点含3.5个,平均有效等位基因数为2.31个,平均Shannon多样性指数I为0.861,平均多态性信息含量PIC为0.507。【结论】苦楝转录组SSR位点具有较高的出现频率和分布密度,基元类型和重复次数相对较高,具有高多态性的潜能,可以进行有目的的引物设计和开发。开发的16对SSR引物在苦楝上可检测到较高的多态信息含量,进一步丰富了楝科现有SSR标记数据库资源,可为楝科植物在基因组水平上的遗传多样性分析和分子辅助育种等提供参考。 相似文献
5.
以梨网蝽为材料,从其转录组中筛选功能微卫星序列(EST-SSR),并进行SSR位点的信息分析,开发梨网蝽SSR引物,旨在为深入探究梨网蝽的分子结构奠定理论基础。对梨网蝽转录组中16 449条基因数据库的数据进行搜索,共找到6 641个SSR位点,分布在4 420条基因数据库中,发生频率(含有SSR位点的基因数据库与基因数据库总数之比)为26.87%。在对其各组分数量分析中,发现梨网蝽转录组中SSR的主要重复类型是单核苷酸重复,占SSR总数的40.41%;其次是三核苷酸重复,占SSR总数的22.76%。本试验共设计80对梨网蝽EST-SSR引物,其中9对引物可以扩增得到预期的条带。 相似文献
6.
为丰富柿树SSR引物来源,利用从NCBI下载的9 474条柿属EST序列开发柿EST-SSR引物,并用于分析7个柿品种的遗传多样性。EST序列经去除低质量及冗余片段后拼接成1 390条重叠序列和4 097条无重复序列。共搜索到601条EST序列中含有540个SSR。SSR出现频率为10.96%,其中以2核苷酸为主(61.06%)。利用检出的SSR-ESTs序列设计SSR引物100对,对7个柿样品进行了PCR扩增,31对引物有扩增带,占设计引物的31%,其中14对引物有多态性,占可扩增引物的45.2%。同时发现引物68是临潼板柿的特异引物。引物68的P68-115、P68-160和P68-210处为临潼板柿的3个特异性标记位点,而引物28的P28-225是麻城秋艳的特异性标记位点。 相似文献
7.
对31 308条来自NCBI的芭蕉属(Musa)EST序列进行拼接得到全长为13.51 Mb的21 129条无冗余EST序列(含3 818条contigs及17 311条singletons),其中,4 944条(23.40%)EST序列含有5 416条SSRs,SSR的出现频率为25.63%,平均分布距离2.49 Kb,有234条(1.11%)含有1个以上的SSR。在所检测的SSR中,二、三、四核苷酸重复是主导重复类型,分别占EST-SSR总数的21.80%(1 181条)、52.55%(2 846条)和14.55% (788条)。AG/CT、AAG/CTT与AGG/CCT和AAAG/CTTT与AAAT/ATTT分别是二、三、四核苷酸的优势重复基元。随机设计了238对EST-SSR引物在24个地涌金莲个体中进行筛选,116对有扩增产物,其中,78对EST-SSR引物扩增出清晰稳定的目的片段,49对引物表现出多态性。本研究检测的15对引物扩增等位基因数范围是2~7个,平均3.067个;表观杂合度(Ho)范围是0.042 0.750,平均0.250;期望杂合度(He)范围是0.232~0.823,平均0.522。 相似文献
8.
《经济林研究》2021,39(2)
【目的】为了探究银杏叶片转录组中简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeats,SSR)的位点信息,以丰富银杏分子标记库,为日后银杏SSR分子标记的筛选和开发、SSR遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建和品种鉴定及种质资源保护奠定理论基础。【方法】利用Illumina HiSeq~(TM)2500高通量测序平台获得银杏叶片转录组数据,然后采用MicroSAtellite(MISA)软件对测序获得的299 373条Unigenes序列SSR位点的分布特征进行分析;再利用转录组数据开发SSR分子标记,对6份不同品种(单株)的银杏叶片材料进行扩增和筛选。【结果】通过组装得到了299 373条Unigenes序列,其总长为232 983.457 kb,其中,G+C的占比为42.82%。通过检测,共搜索到SSR位点17 821个,SSR位点的出现频率为5.95%,即平均长为13.07 kb的序列中就含有1个SSR位点,其中,有16 163条Unigenes序列含有1个以上的SSR位点;SSR位点重复类型中最主要的类型是二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别占SSR位点总数的74.46%和23.37%,其中的AG/CT、AAG/TTC分别是二核苷酸、三核苷酸的优势重复单元,分别占SSR位点总数的31.19%和4.65%;对5种不同SSR位点重复类型的重复次数的统计结果表明,重复次数为5～11次的不同SSR位点类型占SSR位点总数的90.21%;基序长度为10～20 bp的SSR位点数占SSR位点总数的83.17%。利用6个不同品种(单株)的银杏叶片材料对所有引物进行筛选,得到了条带清晰、稳定且多态性好的引物。【结论】根据转录组测序数据中不同SSR位点的分析结果可知,转录组中SSR位点的出现频率相对较高、平均距离较短,说明转录组中SSR位点的数量和种类均较多。随着重复次数的增加,SSR位点的出现频率随之降低。重复次数和基序长度也都说明了转录组测序所得的SSR位点大部分具有多态性的潜能。试验筛选出了条带清晰、稳定且多态性好的引物,其不仅适用于后续的银杏遗传多样性分析,还可以用于银杏的遗传图谱构建和品种鉴定等方面的研究之中。 相似文献
9.
利用直接测序法开发小叶杨抗逆转录因子基因内一套新的核基因组SSR标记。通过对3个抗逆转录因子共21个成员在36个小叶杨基因型个体中的序列比较分析后共检测到31个SSR多态性位点,SSR出现的频率为1/1916bp。在小叶杨自然群体中,SSR多态性位点的碱基重复呈现出2～5碱基形式,基元重复次数变异范围为3～20次,其中以二碱基重复的位点较多,占总数的51.6%。在此基础上,依据SSR位点两侧的保守序列,设计31对SSR位点PCR扩增引物对。利用设计的引物检测所开发的SSR位点在杨属内22个基因型个体中PCR扩增的有效性及SSR位点的保守性。PCR扩增结果显示,93.5%的SSR位点能够在杨属内至少4个派内有效扩增,每对引物组合可检测到SSR多样性位点数3～12个,平均6个。基于抗逆转录因子基因内开发的SSR标记位点为分子标记辅助小叶杨抗逆性状育种提供工具。 相似文献
10.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(8)
【目的】目前杉木分子标记数量无法满足种质资源评价及分子标记辅助育种等相关研究需求,需要开发更多的杉木SSR标记十分重要。【方法】以陈山红心杉转录组测序数据为基础,进行EST-SSR标记的检测和开发,并对陈山红心杉二代种子园进行遗传变异分析。【结果】转录组测序共获得99 122 394个reads片段,包含了14.87 Gb的序列数据。序列组装后,获得76 597个unigene,共计104.18 Mb数据,平均长983 bp。寻找到8 072个SSR位点,单核苷酸和三核苷酸是主要重复类型,分别占总数的66.30%和17.48%,其次是二核苷酸重复类型,占总数的12.31%。AT/TA和AG/TC是主要的双碱基重复序列,分别占总位点数的6.79%和1.93%。AGA/TCT和AAG/TTC是主要的三碱基重复序列,分别占总位点数的1.45%和1.44%。从随机挑选的150对SSR引物中筛选出11对多态性引物。陈山红心杉二代种子园SSR位点间的平均等位基因数为4.4个,有效等位基因为2.4个;群体平均观察杂合度、期望杂合度、Shannon多样性指数分别为0.533 5、0.563 8、1.003 4,表明该种子园遗传多样性较高。陈山红心杉二代种子园无性系间的遗传相似系数在0.240 0～0.977 8之间,平均值为0.589 3,说明这一群体有较宽的遗传基础。在阈值0.62处可将无性系划分为6个亚群体,亚群体内个体数量差异较大。【结论】本研究基于陈山红心杉转录组数据开发出11对EST-SSR标记,丰富了杉木分子标记库,这些标记可用于杉木种质资源评价、遗传多样性分析及分子标记辅助育种等方面。 相似文献
11.
Our study focuses on predicting the ultimate short-term load carrying capacity of timber-to-timber connections with dowel-type fasteners. The wide range of possible configurations in practice makes the resolution of these values by tests unrealistic. Moreover, different current regulations do not consider some specific failure mechanisms. In many countries, the reduction of resistance involved by this phenomenon is taken into account by considering an effective number of dowels (nef) smaller than the actual number of dowels (n) in the connection. However, these different regulations disagree on the values of nef and on other points (spacing, partial coefficient of security, formulas). These discrepancies in design rules invite the fundamental research on this topic and, therefore, new methods are sought in order to estimate the load carrying capacities of the connections. In the light of these, our approach consists of predicting the load carrying capacity with the neural network numerical tool. The results obtained by this analysis tool are satisfactory, although the model remains complex. Subsequently, we focus on the simplification of this numerical model with classical regression techniques in order to implement it in a design code. 相似文献
12.
Ophiostoma species were isolated from bark beetles and Abies mariesii, A. veitchii and A. homolepis attacked by the beetles in Nikko, Tochigi, central Honshu, Japan. One to two Ophiostoma species were frequently isolated from each species of bark beetle. Ophiostoma subalpinum was the most common associate of Cryphalus montanus. Ophiostoma sp. B as well as O. subalpinum was a common fungus associated with Polygraphus proximus. Ophiostoma europhioides was isolated from Dryocoetes hectographus and D. autographus as one of the common associates. Ophiostoma sp. J and Ophiostoma sp. S were frequently isolated from D. autographus and D. striatus, respectively. These fungi seem to have specific relationships with particular bark beetles. Ophiostoma sp. B, Ophiostoma sp. J and Ophiostoma sp. S have unique morphological characteristics and appear to be new species. Five trees of A. veitchii, approximately 43 years old, were inoculated with five Ophiostoma species to assess the relative virulence of the fungi. Ophiostoma subalpinum, Ophiostoma sp. B, and O. europhioides had relatively higher virulence than the other species studied. 相似文献
13.
Parasitic Hymenoptera from the suprafamily Ichneumonoidea attacking the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were studied in southwest Slovakia during 2000 and 2001. The search for such species resulted in the determination of eight ichneumonid species, Gelis agilis (Fabricius), Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst), I. clavicornis (Thompson), I. maculator (Fabricius), Scambus annulatus (Kiss), S. brevicornis (Gravenhorst), Zatypota percontatoria (Müller), Adelognathus sp. and a braconid Colastes braconius Haliday. The most abundant species was S. annulatus. All these species recorded are polyphagous and often facultative hyperparasitoids, except C. braconius, which departs from this norm in not being hyperparasitic. The presence of more diversified native parasitoids and hyperparasitoids from the Ichneumonoidea predicate a slow successive adaptation of the parasitoid fauna to the invasive host, Cameraria ohridella. 相似文献
14.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Pavela R 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(7-8):745-749
The methanol extracts of eight species of medicinal plants were tested for insecticidal activity in third instar larvae of Egyptian cottonworm (Spodoptera littoralis). All extracts showed a certain degree of larval toxicity. The extracts of Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana and Salvia officinalis appeared to be highly toxic. The extracts significantly affected the growth indexes [relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD)]. 相似文献
16.
Yu Mei Zhang Ning Hua Tan Guang Zhi Zeng Abiodun Humphrey Adebayo Chang Jiu Ji 《Fitoterapia》2009,80(6):361-363
A new norlignan, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-tetrahydropyran (1), together with 9 known compounds were isolated from the branches and leaves of Taxodium ascendens. Their structures were mainly determined on the basis of MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectral evidences. Methanol extract showed inhibitory activity on carbonic anhydrase II with an IC50 value of 4.27 µg/ml, acetone extract and methanol extract inhibited activity of cathepsin B with IC50 values of 2.12 and 3.71 µg/ml, respectively. 相似文献
17.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
18.
The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of different soil scarification methods on tree growth. Soil scarification influenced stem volume and stem biomass yield of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) in a 17-year-old field trial in boreal Sweden. Soil scarification (disc trenching, mounding and ploughing) resulted in an average stem volume yield of 3.1 and 34.2 m3 ha–1 on the poor and intermediate sites, respectively, while corresponding values for no soil scarification were 0.9 and 16.7 m3 ha–1. In comparison to no scarification, ploughing increased volume yields by 500% on the poor site and by 200% on the intermediate sites. The ranking according to stem volume yield was ploughing > disc trenching = mounding no soil scarification. Averaged over the two sites, the mean annual increment of stem biomass was 219% and 145% higher (in d.w., 0.26 kg and 0.34 kg per sample tree) after ploughing compared with no soil scarification, for the average and dominant sample trees, respectively. Although not significant, the increased growth rate after soil scarification decreased the average stem basic wood density of the sample trees with 1.6% and 5.3%, at the poor and intermediate sites, respectively. In conclusion, soil scarification significantly increased the 17-year stem volume yield compared with no scarification. The results also indicate that the difference in stem biomass yield between ploughing and the other methods, especially no soil scarification, will increase even more in the near future. 相似文献
19.
In the present study, the suitability of different predatory bug species, such as Dicyphus tamaninii Wagner, Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur), Orius albidipennis Reuter, Orius majusculus Reuter and Orius sauteri Poppius, for the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were investigated. Development of the predatory bug species, their reproduction as well as their daily and total prey consumption over a 18-day period with F. occidentalis larvae or various stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) individuals as prey species were studied during the experiments in the laboratory. In further experiments, the efficiency of D. tamaninii, M. pygmaeus, O. albidipennis and O. majusculus in controlling F. occidentalis under glasshouse conditions was investigated. Results showed that all the predators could develop under the experimental conditions with either F. occidentalis larvae or different stages of T. urticae as prey. When F. occidentalis larvae were offered as prey, the shortest duration of development was observed for O. albidipennis with a mean of 17.7 days, while D. tamaninii took the longest to develop with a mean of 36.3 days. With different stages of T. urticae as prey, the duration of development ranged from 19.3 days in O. albidipennis to 42.9 days in M. pygmaeus. Mean daily fecundity ranged from 0.8 eggs/female for O. majusculus to 2.2 eggs/female for O. sauteri with F. occidentalis larvae as prey and from 0.6, O. majusculus, to 2.3 eggs/female/day, O. sauteri, when different stages of T. urticae were offered as prey. Over the 18-day reproduction period, O. sauteri was the most fecund predatory species, laying a mean total of 31.6 and 31.3 eggs/female with F. occidentalis and T. urticae as prey, respectively. Daily consumption from F. occidentalis larvae ranged between 5.5 individuals consumed per day by O. majusculus and 29.1, by O. sauteri. When different stages of T. urticae were offered as prey, maximal consumption was observed in D. tamaninii with a mean of 29.0 individuals/day, while O. albidipennis consumed the least with an average of 8.1 preys/day. Over the 18-day prey consumption period, D. tamaninii consumed the highest mean number of 422.8 F. occidentalis larvae, while O. majusculus only consumed 98.8 larvae. Also, D. tamaninii had the maximum consumption of different stages of T. urticae with a mean of 522.4, while M. pygmaeus and O. albidipennis consumed the least, with an average of 146.1 and 146.0, respectively. The predatory bugs D. tamaninii, M. pygmaeus, O. albidipennis and O. majusculus significantly reduced the density of F. occidentalis on hybrids of Euphorbia milii, Serissa foetida and Saintpaulia ionantha in the glasshouse, which confirms their efficiency against this pest on different hosts under controlled climatic conditions. 相似文献
20.
The objective of this case study was to test the effectiveness of biocontrol for the rehabilitation of abandoned, diseased
(moniliasis, witches' broom and black pod) cocoa and to develop testable hypotheses regarding the effect of shade and biocontrol
timing. Three trial fields differed in their shade regimes. Biocontrol was administered starting either at flowering or pod
filling. Disease incidence and yield were compared with cultural control alone. Biocontrol reduced moniliasis from 49% to
25%, independent of the shading regime and application time. Witches' broom was most severe without shade and unaffected by
biocontrol. No significant effects on black pod were observed. Although biocontrol increased percentage healthy fruit independent
of shading and timing, only the shaded plot with biocontrol from flowering onwards responded with increased yield. Our hypothesis
is: 'In the rehabilitation of abandoned cacao, only fields under sustainable shade management and early onset of biocontrol
can realise their production potential.'
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献