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1.
The pancreata of four six-month-old dogs of the same mother, two with both the pancreatic and accessory pancreatic ducts (X-type) and two with only the accessory pancreatic duct (Y-type), were examined in this study. To clarify the relationships between the type of pancreatic duct system and the composition of pancreatic endocrine cells, the pancreata were examined immunohistochemically using antiserum against four types of pancreatic hormones (glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide). In all areas of the X- and Y-type duct system pancreata, B cells accounted for 52-82% of the total number of islet cells, and D cells accounted for 4-15%. In the X-type ducts system, the percentages of A and PP cells in the right and left lobes of the pancreas differed greatly. It was found that A and PP cells appear in inverse proportion to each other and that there exist A cell-rich and PP cell-rich pancreatic islets. The A cell-rich pancreatic islets appeared in the left lobes along the accessory pancreatic duct, while the PP cell-rich pancreatic islets were observed in the right lobes along the pancreatic duct. The body of the pancreas contained both A cell-rich and PP cell-rich pancreatic islets. In the Y-type duct systems, A cell-rich pancreatic islets appeared in the right lobes. These findings indicate that the composition of A and PP cells in pancreatic islets is closely related to the type of duct system.  相似文献   

2.
Using wood mice (Apodemus speciosus) captured in the wild in Niigata, we analysed the proportion of various endocrine cells in pancreatic islets for both immunohistochemical and microscopic characteristics. In both the dorsal and ventral portions of the pancreas, the centre of the pancreatic islets was occupied predominantly by insulin-positive (B) cells, surrounded by glucagon-positive (A), somatostatin-positive (D), and pancreatic-polypeptide-positive (PP) cells. Although the proportions of the various endocrine cells in pancreatic islets varied from one mouse to the next, in most animals B cells accounted for more than half of all endocrine cells. Dorsal and ventral portions of the pancreas differed in the proportions of various endocrine cells, specifically, in the A-to-PP cell ratio: the proportion of PP cells higher in the ventral portion. The same tendency is seen in humans, rats and mice. Microscopic examinations revealed morphologically distinct secretory granules in A, B and D cells. The morphology of these granules was similar that of secretory granules found in rats and mice.  相似文献   

3.
Endocrine cells in chick pancreas were observed to map their distribution during development and to perform morphometric studies starting on embryonic day 5. The ratio of exocrine to endocrine tissues first prevailed in favour of the endocrine ones, and changed abruptly after day 9 when rapid growth of exocrine tissue began. Endocrine tissue was formed of two types of islets. The 'light' (or B) islets were composed of insulin-immunoreactive cells, completed perhaps by a few somatostatin-immunoreactive cells occurring on the periphery. The majority of the somatostatin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were present in the 'dark' (or A) islets. Endocrine elements were also scattered as single cells over the pancreas. Sporadically, the endocrine cells established contacts with exocrine ducts. In morphometric analysis, volume density of insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells was measured, and ratios were calculated between particular components. The volume density of endocrine cells and their ratio appeared stable in individual lobes but varied significantly between each other. Increase of the glucagon volume density is exponential, whereas insulin increases almost linearly especially in splenic lobe. The process results in the increase of the hormone-immunoreactive cell volume density in favour of glucagon-immunoreactive cells typical for birds.  相似文献   

4.
The occurrence and density of distribution of nerves and endocrine cells that are immunoreactive for neuropeptides in the bovine pancreas were studied by immunohistochemistry. The six neuropeptides localized were galanin (GAL), substance P (SP), methionine-enkephalin (MENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The exocrine pancreas was shown to have an appreciable number of GAL- and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres but few fibres showing immunoreactivity for VIP and CGRP. Numerous MENK-, GAL-, SP-, and NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibres were seen in the endocrine portion of the pancreas. Nerve cell bodies in the intrapancreatic ganglia showed immunoreactivity for all of the neuropeptides except CGRP. Endocrine cells showing immunoreactivity for GAL and SP were observed in the large islets and islets of Langerhans, respectively. The present results indicate a characteristic distribution of neuropeptides in the bovine pancreas, which may regulate both exocrine and endocrine secretions of pancreas.  相似文献   

5.
The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the eight portions (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum) of the gastrointestinal tract of SKH-1 hairless mice were investigated using immunohistochemical methods and seven types of specific antisera against somatostatin, serotonin, glucagon, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin. In this study, somatostatin-, serotonin-, glucagon-, CCK-8-, secretin- and gastrin-immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle-shaped (open-type cell) while cells that were round in shape (close-type cell) were occasionally found in the stomach regions. Their relative frequencies were varied according to each portion of gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin-IR cells were found throughout the gastrointestinal tract except for the large intestine. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract and were the most predominant endocrine cell types in this species of mouse. Glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the fundus, occurring rarely. CCK-8-IR cells were observed in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum with frequencies that were numerous, moderate and few, respectively. Peculiarly, secretin-IR cells were demonstrated in the whole intestinal tract with either few or rare frequencies. Gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus and were numerous. However, no PP-IR cells were found in this study. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found in SKH-1 hairless mouse.  相似文献   

6.
The endocrine cell components in the pancreatic islets of the following 4 pancreatic regions of the horse were investigated by immunohistochemical methods: lobus pancreatis sinister (left lobe); lobus pancreatis dexter (right lobe); and 2 regions of Corpus pancreatis (body), the duodenal lobe which lies along the cranial duodenal flexure and descending duodenum, and the intermediate lobe which is situated around the portal vein. The islets in the left and intermediate lobes contained a central mass of glucagon cells surrounded by insulin cells, a few somatostatin cells and sporadic pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells. On the other hand, the islets in the duodenal lobe were small in size compared with the other 3 regions, and were predominant in insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells, but almost lacked in glucagon cells. These findings suggested that the duodenal lobe was derived from the ventral pancreatic primordium, and the left and intermediate lobes were originated from the dorsal pancreatic primordium. In the right lobe, the composition and distribution of the islet cells were almost the same as those in the left and intermediate lobes, but there were several lobules containing numerous PP cells as seen in the duodenal lobe.  相似文献   

7.
用ABC免疫组织化学方法,对1 周龄绍鸭胰腺内的高血糖素(A)、胰岛素(B)和生长抑素(D)免疫反应细胞的形态及分布进行了观察。结果表明,上述3 种细胞在全胰的分布及形态有差异。A 细胞主要成群散在于A 胰岛,少数位于混合型胰岛的边缘。D 细胞主要散在于A 胰岛中,少数位于B胰岛和混合型胰岛的边缘。B细胞主要呈团块状分布于B胰岛,少数位于混合型胰岛的中央。在胰外分泌部有散在的A 和D 细胞,位于腺泡及导管上皮细胞之间或结缔组织中。A 细胞形态各异,以多边形为主,多数细胞伸出形态多样的胞质突起,伸达胰岛或其他细胞间。D细胞的形态与A 细胞相似。B细胞形态均一,呈圆形或卵圆形,未见胞质突起,在外分泌部未见到B细胞。  相似文献   

8.
In Mongolian gerbil, morphological changes with age in the content of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets were analyzed and their relation evaluated by an oral glucose tolerance test. The glucose level 2 hours after glucose administration was 125 ± 5 mg./dl in the young group and 103 ± 4 mg./dl in the old group. In the dorsal portion, B cells were mainly observed in the central area of the islets, surrounded by circular layers of A cells in the peripheral area. Between the A cells and B cells, D cells were scattered or present in layers. A few PP cells were present in the peripheral area of the islets. In the ventral portion, only a few A cells were observed in the peripheral area of the islets, and B cells were surrounded by PP cells. Secretory granules of A cells generally had an electron-dense spherical core in the limiting membrane. The halo between the limiting membrane and core in A cells was narrower than that in B cells. Secretory granules of B cells were larger than those in A cells, and the core was less electron-dense, and the halo was wider. Secretory granules of D cells were similar in size to those of A cells; the core showed low electron density, and the halo was very narrow. Granules of PP cells resembled those of A cells, but the electron density of the core was slightly lower. The gerbils showed changes in glucose tolerance, the size of the pancreatic islets, the percentage of B cells, and of A cells in the dorsal portion with age. The content of endocrine cells in Mongolian gerbils was similar to that in humans, rats, mice, and hamsters.  相似文献   

9.
Histochemical and morphometric study of fibrilar population in diaphragm muscle. Part I: Horse and Dog By using m-ATPase techniques, under alkaline and acid pre-incubations, as well as metabolic techniques (α-MGPDH and NADH-TR), sections from the lumbar and costal portions of diaphragm muscle in horse and dog were analysed. Fibre samples were exposed to image-analysis observations in order to determine the lowest fibre diameter and obtain estadistical data. The findings revealed that the lumbar portion of horse diaphragm consists of fibre types I, IIA and IIB; in the costal portion, the fibre types I and IIA were present. In the dog, the lumbar and costal portions consisted of fibre types I, IIA and IIC, which showed some specific histochemical characteristics. Some data concerning both morphometrical and statistical fibre-type analysis are presented.  相似文献   

10.
Dispersed cell cultures were established from the articular cartilage of the proximal portion of the humerus of young pigs. Articular and epiphyseal portions of the cartilage were separated, minced, and enzymatically dispersed, using bacterial collagenase. Morphologically, 2 cell types were observed, using phase-contrast microscopy. Smaller polygonal cells (32.5 +/- 3.5 microns diameter) containing cytoplasmic granules were found in both areas of the cartilage. In cultures from the articular region, cells grew as monolayer cultures and initially did not demonstrate contact inhibition. In cultures from the epiphyseal region, cells grew in a multilayered manner in a colonial arrangement with cells being released from the center of the colony into the culture medium. Small granular particles (0.03 to 0.08 micron diameter) were secreted by cells in both culture systems. Particle secretion was greater in epiphyseal cultures than in articular cultures with the rate decreasing as confluency was approached. These particles stained positively for lipid and alkaline phosphatase. Acridine orange was also incorporated into the granules. The 2nd cell type, a stellate-shaped cell (60 +/- 7.6 micron diameter), was found mainly surrounding the outside of colonial areas in epiphyseal cultures. These cells did not secrete small granular particles and stained positive for factor VIII. Evaluation of cultures by scanning and transmission electron microscopy further supported the presence of 2 cell types. With scanning electron microscopy, the smaller polygonal cell was characterized by varying sizes of blebs (0.03 to 0.1 micron diameter) associated with the cell membrane and small cytoplasmic processes projecting from the cell's surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法，显示绍鸭胚发育期间胰内高血糖素细胞，观察Ａ细胞的形态及分布；用显微图像分析仪测定Ａ细胞的积分光密度值；并求各时期Ａ细胞的平均积分光密度值，再作统计学分析。结果表明：Ａ细胞形态多样，但以多面形为主，并上侈种形式的胞 质突起。本文显示了胰腺Ａ细胞在胚后发育期间的发变化规律。为胃肠胰内分泌系统的功能研究提供动态变化的基础资料。  相似文献   

12.
The distributions and frequencies of some endocrine cells in the eight portions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of BALB/c mouse were studied. Endocrine cells were stained using immunohistochemical method with seven types of antisera against bovine chromogranin (BCG), serotonin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, somatostatin, glucagon and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), and the regional distributions and their relative frequencies were observed in the eight portions of the GIT of BALB/c mice. All seven types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of the IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open type cell) while round-shaped cells (closed type cell) were found in the intestinal gland and stomach regions occasionally. Their relative frequencies varied according to each portion of the GIT. BCG-IR cells were observed throughout the whole GIT except for the rectum and they were most predominant in the pylorus. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout the whole GIT and they showed the highest frequency in the fundus. Gastrin- and CCK-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus and duodenum with a majority in the pylorus and rare or a few frequencies in the duodenum. Compared with other mammals, somatostatin-IR cells were restricted to the fundus and pylorus with a few frequencies, respectively. In addition, glucagon- and HPP-IR cells were restricted to the fundus and duodenum, respectively, with relative low frequencies. Some species-dependent unique distributions and frequencies of endocrine cells were observed in the GIT of BALB/c mouse compared with other rodents.  相似文献   

13.
The distribution of muscle fiber types in rostral and caudal portions of the musculus digastricus (digastric muscle) was studied in 6 dogs. Staining procedures which stain specifically for type IIM fibers, a fiber type found in other muscles supplied by the trigeminal nerve, were used. Rostral and caudal portions of the muscle were compared because the rostral portion is innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and the caudal portion is innervated by the facial nerve. The musculus triceps brachii (triceps muscle), which contains fiber types I and IIA, and the musculus masseter (masseter muscle), which contains type IIM, were used as controls. Mean fiber diameters were calculated for each of the muscles. Both portions of the digastric muscle exhibited the same histochemical behavior, possessing types I and IIA myofibers. Neither portion contained type IIM fibers. Type I fibers in the masseter muscle were histochemically different from type I fibers in the other muscles studied. Type II fibers predominated in all 3 muscles, but there were significantly (P less than 0.001) more type I fibers in the triceps muscle than in either portion of the digastric muscle or in the masseter muscle. Type II fibers were significantly larger than type I fibers in the caudal digastric (P less than 0.01) and masseter (P less than 0.05) muscles. There was no difference in the size of type I or type II fibers between any of the muscles studied (P greater than 0.20).  相似文献   

14.
In 11 dogs (7 males, 4 females; 10 purebred, 1 mixed breed), diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus before the age of 6 months, the pancreas was evaluated histologically; in 6, the pancreas also was examined by use of electron microscopy and/or immunocytochemical methods. Each dog was placed in 1 of 3 groups (A through C) on the basis of pancreatic histopathologic findings: Group A (n = 3)--no recognizable islets, but the pancreas in 2 dogs contained scattered endocrine cells detectable by use of immunoperoxidase staining or electron microscopy; Group B (n = 4)--no recognizable islets, but the pancreas had severe vacuolation of ducts and acini, as well as acinar atrophy; Group C (n = 4)--scant shrunken islets; 1 pancreas had reduced numbers of recognizable islets, hydropic beta-cell vacuolation attributable to glycogen deposition, and islet and nonislet endocrine cells in expected proportions. Insulitis was not observed in any pancreas, although scattered lymphocytes were seen in the pancreatic interstitial fibrous tissue of 3 dogs. Histologic pancreatic lesions in these young dogs were distinct from those of type-I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in human beings, as well as from those of diabetes mellitus in aged dogs, but were similar to those described in other young diabetic dogs. This uncommon syndrome is distinct from commonly recognized canine diabetes mellitus, on the basis of age of onset, predisposition for purebred dogs, lack of predisposing endocrinopathies or obesity, and pancreatic histologic features. The cause(s) is unknown, but is related to pancreatic endocrine hypoplasia and not to insulitis or to exocrine pancreatic inflammation. The term pancreatic islet hypoplasia is chosen as best describing this disorder.  相似文献   

15.
The complex carbohydrates in the bovine duodenal glands were examined histochemically using 5 peroxidase-labeled lectins to achieve a better knowledge of their glycoprotein profiles. The presence of at least 2 different cell types and secretion of neutral mucin were observed in the bovine duodenal glands. The duodenal gland cells located in the central area of the lobules contained neutral glycoproteins with different saccharide residues as beta-D-gal-(1-3)-D-galNAc, alpha-D-galNAc, beta-(1-4)-D-glcNAc, NeuNAc and D-galNAc. The other cell types located in the peripheral area of the lobules contained alpha-L-Fuc, alpha-D-galNAc, beta-(1-4)-D-glcNAc, NeuNAc and D-galNAc. These findings seemed to be characteristic of a unique digestive process of the ruminant.  相似文献   

16.
Morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out on the pancreas of a hyperglycemic 5-year-old male cynomolgus monkey. Body weight gradually decreased from 6 months before termination, accompanying a slight reduction in food consumption and anorexia for the last 2 days. The blood glucose level was markedly elevated when examined at termination. Histopathologically, in the exocrine pancreas, diffuse hyperplasia of centroacinar and intercalated duct cells and diffuse atrophy of acinar cells with sporadic apoptosis were observed, although most centroacinar and intercalated duct cells were proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive in both the present case and age-matched control animals. In the endocrine pancreas, the islets tended to be hypertrophic, with an increase in insulin-positive cells in comparison with the age-matched control animals. PCNA-positive cells also tended to increase in the islets, although positive cells for phospho-histone H3, a marker for mitotic cells, were not detected in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Moreover, neither inflammation nor amyloidosis was noted in the islets. In conclusion, the present case probably suffered from early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it provides fundamental information concerning pancreatic histopathology under insulin-related derangement in monkeys.  相似文献   

17.
To accumulate histological information of cetaceans, the proper gastric gland of Minke whales was examined by light and electron microscopic observation. A small number of mucous neck cells and a large number of chief and parietal cells were observed in the gland. At the body to basal portions of the gland, the ratio of chief cells to other cells seemed to be large compared to the neck portion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the chief cell had secretory granules with middle level of electron density, and that the parietal cell contained abundant mitochondria and intracellular canaliculi. The proper gastric gland of the Minke whales may appear to secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes and have high digestive activity.  相似文献   

18.
The distribution of catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme-immunoreactive nerves and endocrine cells in the pancreas of the calf and cow was studied immunohistochemically using antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were abundant both within and around the islet of Langerhans. A few TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were seen around the large islets characteristic of calf pancreas, but the majority of cells in the large islets, and some in islets of Langerhans, showed TH immunoreactivity. In the exocrine pancreas, both TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were distributed randomly among the acini, with the DBH-immunoreactive fibres being more numerous. Abundant TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were seen in close association with blood vessels and in the connective tissue around the interlobular duct. Immunoreactivity for both enzymes was also observed in the nerve cell bodies and fibres of the intrapancreatic ganglia. The findings suggest an important role for catecholamines in the regulation of bovine pancreatic function.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the microanatomic features of pancreatic islets and the immunohistochemical distribution of glucose transporter (GLUT) molecules in the pancreas and other tissues of New World camelids. ANIMALS: 7 healthy adult New World camelids, 2 neonatal camelids with developmental skeletal abnormalities, and 2 BALB/c mice. PROCEDURE: Samples of pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, mammary gland, brain, and adipose tissue were collected postmortem from camelids and mice. Pancreatic tissue sections from camelids were assessed microscopically. Sections of all tissues from camelids and mice (positive control specimens) were examined after staining with antibodies against GLUT-1, -2, -3, and -4 molecules. RESULTS: In camelids, pancreatic islets were prominent and lacked connective tissue capsules. Numerous individual endocrine-type cells were visible distant from the islets. Findings in neonatal and adult tissues were similar; however, the former appeared to have more non-islet-associated endocrine cells. Via immunostaining, GLUT-2 molecules were detected on pancreatic endocrine cells and hepatocytes in camelids, GLUT-1 molecules were detected on the capillary endothelium of the CNS, GLUT-3 molecules were detected throughout the gray matter, and GLUT-4 molecules were not detected in any camelid tissues. Staining characteristics of neonatal and adult tissues were similar. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In New World camelids, microanatomic features of pancreatic islets are similar to those of other mammals. Data suggest that the poor glucose clearance and poor insulin response to hyperglycemia in adult camelids cannot be attributed to a lack of islet cells or lack of GLUT molecules on the outer membrane of those cells.  相似文献   

20.
The expression of T1R3, a taste receptor essential for the perception of sweetness and umami-taste, was examined by immunohistochemistry to determine whether and where it may be localized in the liver and pancreas. In the liver, both immunopositive and immunonegative reactions were detected; bile ducts and intercalated portions of the bile ductules were immunopositive to T1R3, while arterioles and venules were immunonegative in interlobular connective tissue. In the hepatic lobule, all other cells including liver cells (hepatocytes) and bile capillaries were immunonegative. In the pancreas, all endocrine portions of the pancreas were immunonegative to T1R3. Within the exocrine portions, immunopositive reactions were detected in excretory duct cells, intercalated cells, and centroacinar cells. In contrast, acinar cells were immunonegative, as were vessels, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers, and connective tissue cells in the exocrine portions. The restricted localization of T1R3 in the duct cells of the liver and pancreas in the present study may indicate that T1R3 is involved in monitoring changes in the makeup of bile and pancreatic juices in the hepatic and pancreatic duct systems.  相似文献   

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