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1.
Co-inoculation of selected nitrogen-fixing bacteria with plant growth-promoting bacteria is the promising way for the improvement of soybean production through enhancing plant growth, nodulation, and N2 fixation. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to study the effects of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 with Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 on plant growth, nodulation, N2 fixation, N uptake, and seed yield of Rj4 soybean varieties. Two experiments with completely randomized design and three replicates were done in this study. N2-fixation ability of soybean was evaluated by acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and relative ureide method. In the first experiment, synergetic effect in N2 fixation and nodulation was occurred in co-inoculation treatment (BLY3-8 + P4) in Yezin-3 and Fukuyutaka. Based on these results, co-inoculation effect of BLY3-8 and P4 was assessed on Yezin-3 and Fukuyutaka varieties at three different growth stages, using Futsukaichi soil under natural environmental conditions. This study shows that co-inoculation of BLY3-8 and P4 significantly increased N2 fixation at V6 stage; plant growth, nodulation, N2 fixation, and N uptake at R3.5 stage; and shoot growth, N uptake, and seed yield at R8 stage, in Rj4 soybean varieties compared with the control. Significant difference in plant growth, nodulation, N2 fixation, N uptake, and yield between co-inoculation and control, not between single inoculation and control, suggests that there is a synergetic effect due to co-inoculation of BLY3-8 and P4.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT

Co-inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with plant growth-promoting bacteria has become more popular than single inoculation of rhizobia or plant-growth-promoting bacteria because of the synergy of these bacteria in increasing soybean yield and nitrogen fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 co-inoculation on plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptake, and seed yield of the ‘Yezin-6’ soybean cultivar. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay and ureide methods. Uptake of major nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] was also measured. This study showed that single inoculation of SAY3-7 significantly increased shoot biomass; nodulation; Relative Ureide Index (RUI %), percent nitrogen derived from N fixation (% Ndfa); N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptakes; during the later growth stages (R3.5 and R5.5), compared with control. These observations indicate that SAY3-7 is an effective N-fixing bacterium for the plant growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation with an ability to compete with native bradyrhizobia. Co-inoculation of SAY3-7 and P4 significantly improved nodule number; nodule dry weight; shoot and root biomass; N fixation; N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake; at various growth stages and seed yield in ‘Yezin-6’ soybean cultivar compared with the control, but not the single inoculation treatments. Significant differences in plant growth, nodulation, N fixation, nutrient uptake, and yield between co-inoculation and control, not between single inoculation and control, suggest that there is a synergetic effect due to co-inoculation of SAY3-7 and P4. Therefore, we conclude that Myanmar Bradyrhizobium strain SAY3-7 and P4 will be useful as effective inoculants in biofertilizer production in the future.  相似文献   

3.
The compatibility between rhizobia and host plants for nodulation was determined based on the genetic and physiological properties of both symbionts. It has been observed that soybean varieties carrying the Rj-gene were not nodulated effectively by certain strains or groups of rhizobia. Soybeans carrying the Rj 2-gene, Rj 2-varieties, were found to nodule ineffectively by the rhizobial strains belonging to the 3-24-44 and 122 serogroups (Caldwell 1966). In the same way, Rj 3- and Rj 4-varieties were found to nodule ineffectively by strains USDA 33 (Vest 1970) and USDA 61 (Vest and Caldwell 1972), respectively.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Caldwell and Vest (1968) planted soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) with various genotypes at Beltsville, USA, without inoculating them with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and showed that soybeans preferred certain serotypes of rhizobial strains for nodulation. Recently, the authors have reported that soybeans carrying nodulation-conditioning genes preferred appropriate strains showing specific behavior for nodulation (Ishizuka et al. 1991). For instance, nodulation of soybean cv. Hardee which carries the nodulation-conditioning genes, Rj 2 and Rj 3, does not occur with B. japonicum USDA122, USDA33, Is-1, etc. Nodulation of cv. Hill which carries the Rj 4 gene, does not occur with B. japonicum USDA61, Is-21, etc. while A62-2 which carries a recessive gene rj 1, does not nodulate with almost any of the strains of B. japonicum. Therefore, the B. japonicum strains can be classified into three nodulation types based on the compatibility with these Rj-cultivars, that is, type A strains which effectively nodulated both Rj 2 Rj 3-cultivars and Rj 4-ones, type B strains which did not nodulate the Rj 2 Rj 3-cultivars and type C strains which did not nodulate the Rj 4-cultivars. When the nodulation types of the isolates from nodules of field-grown soybeans were examined, it was suggested that the Rj 2 Rj 3-cultivars and Rj 4-cultivars preferred the type C and type B strains, respectively (Ishizuka et al. 1991).  相似文献   

5.
For examining the probability of increase in the occupation ratio of inoculated rhizobium in nodules, various Rj-soybean cultivars including the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-lines of soybean were grown in a field of the Kyushu University Farm. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 that carries uptake hydrogenase (Hup+) was used as an inoculum. The relative efficiency of nitrogen fixation generally increased by the inoculation. However, there were no significant differences in the effects among the genotypes of the host plants. The occupation ratio of serogroup USDA110 in the nodules on the taproot of the inoculated plants was in the range of 77–100%, suggesting that the B. japonicum strain USDA110 infected taproots immediately after inoculation. The occupation ratios in the nodules on the lateral roots were 53–67, 40–86, 63–83, and 62–77% in inoculated plants of the non-Rj-, Rj 2 Rj 3-, Rj 4-, and Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotypes, respectively, and they decreased in all the genotypes with the progression of growth. At the time of the first sampling, the occupation ratios on the lateral roots of these Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotypes showed values intermediate between those of IAC-2 (Rj 2 Rj 3) and Hill (Rj 4) , which were the parent cultivars of the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-lines, B340, B349, and C242. The reduction in the occupation ratio of the serogroup USDA110 for about 1 month after the first sampling was the lowest (0.13–0.16) in the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotypes, excluding B349, followed by the non-Rj- and Rj 2 Rj 3-genotypes and highest (0.52–0.69) in the Rj 4-genotypes, excluding Hill. Therefore, it was considered that the population of compatible rhizobia with host soybean plants increased in the rhizosphere with the progression of the development and growth. The results showed that with the expansion of the root area of host plants, the occupation ratio of type A rhizobia including the serogroup USDA110 was high. Therefore, the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotypes were superior to other Rj-genotypes in terms of the inoculation effects of nodulation type A rhizobium, B. japonicum USDA110. However, the preference of the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotype for serogroup USDA110 is not sufficient to rule out the competition with the other serogroups in this study. Therefore, the study should be centered on the isolation of more efficient (Hup+) and highly compatible rhizobial strains with the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4- genotypes.  相似文献   

6.
Bradyrhizobium species are symbiotic partners of soybean plants. However, some Bradyrhizobium bacteria do not form functional nodules on the roots of Rj4 genotype soybean cultivars. Our objective was to identify the strains of Bradyrhizobium (i.e., type C strains) that are least competent to form nodules on the roots of this plant genotype. We checked (i) previously isolated type C strains of Myanmar Bradyrhizobium elkanii (MMY6-1, MMY6-2, and MMY6-5), (ii) previously isolated type C strains of Myanmarese Bradyrhizobium spp. (MMY3-5 and MMY3-7), and (iii) strain Is-34 of B. japonicum, for nodule formation when associated with Rj4 and other Rj genotype soybeans. Strains in groups (i), (ii), and (iii) are known to be incompatible with Rj4 soybean genotypes. MMY3-5 and MMY3-7 produced functional nodules when associated with Rj4 and other Rj genotype soybean cultivars, except Hill (Rj4) cultivar. The ratios of ineffective nodule numbers/total nodule numbers (I/T ratios) for MMY6-1, MMY6-2, MMY6-5, and Is-34 in association with Rj4 soybean cultivars were > 0.5, demonstrating incompatibility between these bacterial strains and the Rj4 genotype. Interestingly, the I/T ratios of MMY6-1 and MMY6-2 were higher than that of Is-34 in almost all Rj4 soybean cultivars. Thus, the nodule-forming abilities of the B. elkanii strains MMY6-1 and MMY6-2 were strongly suppressed in Rj4 soybean cultivars; these strains may therefore be useful to identify the Rj4 genotype in soybean cultivars.  相似文献   

7.
For the increase of the occupation ratio of inoculum strain in the competition with indigenous rhizobia, the relationship between Rj-genotypes of soybean and the preference of Rj-cultivars for various types of rhizobia for nodulation was investigated by using the Rj 2 Rj 4-genotype of soybean isolated from the cross between the Rj 2 Rj 3-cultivar IAC-2 and Rj 4-one Hill (Ishizuka et al. 1993: Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 39, 79-86). Firstly, these Rj 2 Rj 4-genotypes were found to harbor the Rj 3-gene. The Rj 2Rj3Rj4-genotypes of soybean were considered to exhibit a more narrow microsymbiont range for nodulation than the Rj 2 Rj 3-and Rj4-cultivars. Therefore, rhizobia were isolated from the nodules of various Rj-genotypes of soybeans grown in soils, and the preference of the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotype for indigenous rhizobia was examined. The nodule occupancy of serotype 110 was significantly higher in the bacteroids of the nodules from the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-rgenotypes than in those from the other genotypes, non Rj-, Rj 2 Rj 3-, and Rj 4-cultivars. These results demonstrated that the Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotype prefers more actively serogroup USDA110 to the others of rhizobia. Thus, Rj 2 Rj 3 Rj 4-genotype is superior to non- Rj-, Rj 2 Rj 3-, and Rj 4-genotypes for the formation of efficient nodules for nitrogen fixation.  相似文献   

8.
Almost all of the soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merr.) form nodules on their roots by infection with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. However, it has been observed that the soybean cultivars harboring nodulation conditioning genes, for instance Rj 2, Rj 3, and Rj 4, do not form effective nodules with some strains of B. japonicum. Ishizuka et al. (1991b) classified the rhizobia isolated from field-grown soybeans into nodulation-types A, B, and C based on the compatibility with these Rj-soybean cultivars. Nodulation-type B is incompatible with Rj 2 Rj 3-cultivars and type C is incompatible with Rj 4-cultivars. Nodulation-type A rhizobia are compatible with both Rj 2 Rj 3 - and Rj 4-cultivars. Furthermore, the Rj-cultivars were found to prefer appropriate nodulation-type rhizobia for nodulation, that is, non-Rj-, Rj 2 Rj 3 -, and Rj 4-cultivars prefer nodulation-types A, C, and B rhizobia, respectively (Ishizuka et al. 1991a). In the present study, in order to examine the mechanisms of preference of Rj-cultivars for rhizobial strains for nodulation, root exudates from Rj-cultivars were examined for their effects on the growth rate and chemotaxis of various types of B. japonicum strains.  相似文献   

9.
In order to substitute the use of chemical fertilizers in legume production, there is a need for the production of rhizobial inoculants which are capable of being used as biofertilizers. To achieve this, an effective symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation between legumes and root nodule bacteria will be essential. Evaluation of effective Myanmar Bradyrhizobium (Jordan 1982) strains isolated from Myanmar soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and effects of coinoculation with Streptomyces griseoflavus Krainsky 1914 P4 for N fixation were studied in pot experiments using sterilized vermiculite and Hoagland solution in the Phytotron (25°C and 70% relative humidity) with completely randomized design and three replicates. N fixation ability of soybean was evaluated by acetylene reduction activity (ARA) by gas chromatography. It was found that MAS23 showed a relatively high degree of stability and a high level of ARA per plant on both Yezin-3 and Yezin-6 soybean varieties. In the symbiotic relationship between Bradyrhizobium strains and P4 experiments, the treatments consisted of six Bradyrhizobium strains (MAS23, MAS33, MAS34, MAS43, MAS48 and USDA110) and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 were evaluated with four Myanmar soybean varieties (Yezin-3, Yezin-6, Hinthada and Shan Sein). In the Yezin-3 soybean variety, the best treatment for ARA per plant was found in the dual inoculation of P4 and MAS34. In the Yezin-6 soybean variety, the highest nodule dry weight was found in dual inoculation of P4 with MAS34 but the highest ARA per plant was observed in the dual inoculation of P4 and MAS23. On the other hand, single inoculation of MAS43 and coinoculation of P4 with MAS48 were significantly higher in N fixation of Hinthada, and coinoculation of P4 with MAS33 was significant improvement of ARA per plant (P < 0.05) in Shan Sein soybean.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is relatively poor in dinitrogen (N2) fixation, so selecting compatible host cultivar and Rhizobium strain combinations may offer an improvement. The effectiveness of six rhizobial strains was evaluated using five bean cultivars of bean (three pinto and two black bean) in a growth-room experiment. We subsequently selected the three best strains to assess whether multi-strain inoculation had advantages over single-strain inoculation in growth-room and field experiments. In the first-growth-room experiment, Rhizobium strains UMR 1899, RCR 3618, and USDA 2676 were selected for high nodulation, plant dry weight, shoot nitrogen (N), and N2 fixation. In a second growth-room experiment, the individual strains and a mixture of the three strains generally did not differ in the parameters evaluated. Total shoot N accumulated ranged from 172.9 to 162.8 mg plant?1, of which 32.1% to 33.6% (equivalent to 54.0 to 59.2 mg plant? 1) was fixed. In field experiments, plant biomass and seed N2 fixed did not differ among the inoculants at any site. These results suggest that the three strains were equally effective and that the multi-strain inoculant offered no consistent advantage over the single-strain inoculants.  相似文献   

11.
Legume plants are an essential component of sustainable farming systems. Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a significant constraint for legume production, especially in nutrient-poor soils of arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, we conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of a phosphorus-mobilizing plant-growth promoting rhizobacterial strain Bacillus cereus GS6, either alone or combined with phosphate-enriched compost (PEC) on the symbiotic (nodulation-N2 fixation) performance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on an Aridisol. The PEC was produced by composting food waste with addition of single super phosphate. The bacterial strain B. cereus GS6 showed considerable potential for P solubilization and mobilization by releasing carboxylates in insoluble P (rock phosphate)-enriched medium. Inoculation of B. cereus GS6 in combination with PEC application significantly improved nodulation and nodule N2 fixation efficiency. Compared to the control (without B. cereus GS6 and PEC), the combined application of B. cereus GS6 with PEC resulted in significantly higher accumulation of nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K) in grain, shoot, and nodule. The N:P and P:K ratios in nodules were significantly altered by the application of PEC and B. cereus GS6, which reflected the important roles of P and K in symbiotic performance of soybean. The combined application of PEC and B. cereus GS6 also significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, as well as the soil available N, P, and K contents. Significant positive relationships were found between soil organic carbon (C) content, dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, and available N, P, and K contents. This study suggests that inoculation of P-mobilizing rhizobacteria, such as B. cereus GS6, in combination with PEC application might enhance legume productivity by improving nodulation and nodule N2 fixation efficiency.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The diversities of communities of soybean-nodulating indigenous bradyrhizobia in Japan were estimated using mathematical ecology methods based on the results of polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S–23S rDNA internal-transcribed spacer region. Polar ordination analysis indicated a significant correlation between the compositions of bradyrhizobial communities and northern latitudes in Japan. This result suggests that the composition and the geographical distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia might be affected by soil temperature and the associated diversity of the host plants acclimatized to a particular climate. Furthermore, for estimation of the compositional difference in bacterial communities among three different Rj-genotype soybean cultivars, an analysis of the diversity indexes was conducted and this analysis indicated differences in the composition of the communities isolated from the Rj 2 Rj 3-genotype compared with those from the non-Rj- and Rj 4-genotype cultivars. This result suggests that Rj 2 Rj 3-genotype soybeans might affect not only compatibility with particular bradyrhizobia, but also preference to bradyrhizobia for nodulation.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Hydrophobic mutants of the Bradyrhizohium japonicum strain 138NR were obtained by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis followed by replica-plating on polystyrene plates. Fifteen mutants were isolated at a frequency of 106. Gel-filtration analysis of the exopolysaccharides revealed that the hydrophobic mutants produced a significantly smaller amount of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides than the parent. Four of the isolated mutants formed a larger number of nodules on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tamahomare) than the parent, two were superior in symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and two were symbiotically defective on soybean. Competitive nodulation abilities of the mutants were examined by inoculating them to soybean with B. japonicum strain 123ET as a competitor and determining the nodule occupancy based on the antibiotic resistance. All the mutants tested except for the symbiotically defective ones were superior in their competitive nodulation ability to the parent strain. When inoculated 24 h before the inoculation with 123ET, the mutants exhibited an increased nodule occupancy (44–93% compared to 9% by the parent).  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is one of the major nutritional problems in tropic and subtropic areas, where the most soils are acidic. In this study, the effects of Mg application and Bradyrhizobium inoculation on growth, nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation as well as N nutrition status in soybean (Glycine max L.) were investigated in hydroponics under greenhouse conditions. With the increase of Mg up to 0.75?mM at low N and up to 0.5?mM at high N solutions, the dry weights of shoots, roots, and pod grain yield in soybean were increased, while further increase in Mg supply inhibited soybean growth. The availability of Mg was found to entail an improved uptake of N by plants and nodulation process in the root by Bradyrhizobium. Inoculation with rhizobial inoculants not only formed many nodules, but also increased soybean shoot, root biomass and yield, as well as plant N nutrient status.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of two organic materials (Bark and Tenporon composts) on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation (measured as acetylene-reducing activity) of soybean plants (Glycine max L.) under acid and saline conditions. These organic materials were incorporated into acid and saline (induced by irrigating the soil with a NaCl solution) soils at 4% rate of application.

These composts tended to improve nodule formation in soybean under acid and saline conditions, especially in the plants treated with Bark compost. Acetylene-reducing activity was significantly (P<0.05) increased by these composts under acid condition.

These composts also tended to improve shoot growth under acid and saline conditions, presumably due to the improvement of the soil moisture status of the soils and nutrient uptake. These results suggest that the growth of soybean could be improved by the application of organic matter under acid and saline conditions.  相似文献   

16.
A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the copper fungicide Kocide 101 and its residues in soil on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The soil used was a sandy clay loam classified as Typic Rhodustalf. The bean variety SUA 90 was used as test crop. The bean rhizobia strains CIAT 899, PV, and a local isolate were used. Kocide 101 applied at the recommended rate (equivalent to 1.7 mg kg‐1 soil) had no significant negative effects on the growth, nodulation or nitrogen fixation of bean plants. Higher levels of Kocide 101 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The bean plants inoculated with the “local isolate”; rhizobia had the highest dry matter weights, nodule numbers and nodule dry weights, and also had more N fixation. They were followed by those inoculated with the PV, strain and, lastly, those inoculated with CIAT 899. The growth and nodulation of bean plants were still curtailed by the Kocide 101 residues four months after the fungicide was first applied to the soil. Therefore, occurrence of high levels of Kocide 101 in soils can have long‐term effects on the performance of the bean‐rhizobia symbiosis.  相似文献   

17.
 Following screening, selection, characterization and examination of their symbiotic N2 fixation, only two Rhizobium strains (ND-16 and TAL-1860) and four lentil genotypes (DLG-103, LC-50, LC-53 and Sehore 74-3) were found to be suited to sodic soils. Interactions between salt-tolerant lentil genotypes and Rhizobium strains were found to be significant, and resulted in greater nodulation, N2 fixation (nitrogenase activity), total nitrogen, plant height, root length and grain yield in sodic soils under field conditions compared to uninoculated controls. Significantly more nodulation, nitrogenase activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) and NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT) activities were found in normal soil as compared to the soil supplemented with 4% and 8% NaCl. Salt stress inhibited nitrogenase, GS and NADH-GOGAT activities. However, nitrogenase activity in nodules was more sensitive to salt stress than GS and NADH-GOGAT activities (NH4 + assimilation). The relevance of these findings for salt-tolerant symbionts is discussed. Received: 14 November 1997  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Genetic diversity and distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia in Japan were investigated based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR product (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the 16S?23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using Bradyrhizobium USDA strains as reference strains. Soil samples were collected from five field sites in Hokkaido, Fukushima, Kyoto, Miyazaki and Okinawa in Japan. A total of 300 isolates were derived from three Rj-genotype soybean cultivars, Akishirome (non-Rj), CNS (Rj 2 Rj 3) and Fukuyutaka (Rj 4), and five field site combinations. The PCR products of the ITS region were digested with HaeIII, HhaI, MspI and XspI. Electrophoresed patterns were analyzed for phylogenetic relationship using Bradyrhizobium reference strains. Results revealed 22 RFLP patterns and 11 clusters. The RFLP patterns of the seven clusters were similar or identical to Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6, 38, 110, 115, 123 and Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76 and 94. Four minor clusters were independent from the clusters of the reference strains. The isolation ratio revealed the major clusters at each field site. These results suggested that major clusters of indigenous bradyrhizobia might be in the order Bj123, Bj38, Bj110, Bj6 and Be76 from the northern to southern regions in Japan.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has recently been shown to act as a plant-to-bacteria signal. We tested the hypothesis that pre-induction of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells with genistein and/or MeJA would at least partially overcome the negative effects of low root zone temperature (RZT) on bean nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Otebo bean plants were grown at constant air temperature (25oC) and two RZT regimes (25 and 17oC) and inoculated with R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli pre-induced with MeJA and/or genistein. Our results indicate that low RZT inhibited nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. The plants growing at low RZT began fixing nitrogen seven days later compared to those at higher RZT. The low RZT plants had fewer nodules, lower nodule weight, less N fixation, slower plant growth, fewer leaves, smaller leaf area, and less dry matter accumulation comared to plants at a higher RZT. Rhzobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells induced with genistein and/or MeJA enhanced bean nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth at both optimum and suboptimum RZTs. The results of this study indicate that MeJA improves bean nitrogen fixation and growth at both optimum and suboptimum RZTs, and can be used alone or in combination with genistein to partially overcome the low RZT induced inhibitory effects on nodulation and nitrogen fixation.  相似文献   

20.
Soybean (Glycine max Merrill) crop production in Brazil relies mainly on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) for nitrogen (N) supply. Recent adoption of indeterminate growth-type genotypes has raised doubts on the need for supplemental mineral N that might negatively affect the BNF. We assessed the effects of mineral N on BNF attributes of soybean genotypes grown in central and southern Brazil. Genotypes were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and/or received mineral N in three sets of experiments. In the first set, two genotypes received increasing rates of mineral N in nutrient solution, which consistently reduced the BNF. In the second set, mineral N applied at sowing and/or topdressing reduced nodulation and ureides-N in determinate and indeterminate growth-type genotypes. In the third set, mineral N applied at R5.3 stage, foliar or as topdressing, did not increase grain yield in four field experiments. Mineral N impaired BNF irrespective of the growth type and had no effect on grain yield.  相似文献   

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