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解析控制植物不定芽离体再生能力的遗传因素,有助于从根本上提高离体培养困难材料的不定芽再生能力,是植物基因工程遗传改良的基础。本研究以结球白菜4个纯合亲本及其杂交后代的带柄子叶为外植体,建立了高频率离体不定芽再生技术。据此我们还对白菜不定芽再生能力进行遗传分析,并开展亲本与后代杂种的离体培养及反应研究,包括对培养基的激素需求,不定芽形成频率,不定芽形成数量,芽形态等系列特征。研究结果表明,杂种与亲本在培养基的激素浓度上有类似需求;杂交后代的不定芽再生率均至少高于一方亲本,在一些组合中可以高于双亲;在适宜的杂交组合及培养条件下,结球白菜带柄子叶外植体的不定芽再生率可以达100％,每一外植体上的不定芽数达3～7个。方差分析表明,结球白菜的不定芽离体再生能力存在基因的加性效应。 相似文献
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Reda Elwany Abedelhaleem Moghaieb Hirofumi Saneoka Junki Ito Kounosuke Fujita 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):377-385
Three commercial tomato cultivars (UC-97, Momotaro, and Edkawi) were subjected to a gradual increase of NaCI concentrations and the effect on biomass production and its parameters was compared. The data indicated that salinity reduced plant growth and the reduction was more pronounced in UC-97 and less in Edkawi. The apparent photosynthetic rate (P o) was also depressed by the salt treatment and the depression was more remarkable in UC-97 and less in Edkawi. Edkawi shoot showed a much higher concentration of sodium ion and proline compared with the other cultivars, which may result in the maintenance of a higher turgor potential. In all the cultivars examined the stem diameter decreased after the beginning of exposure to light and recovered after the light was turned off. The decrease in the stem diameter during day light was enhanced and the recovery at night decreased after 1 d of salt treatment and the changes in the stem diameter were less conspicuous in Edkawi than in the other cultivars. These results suggest that Edkawi is more tolerant to salinity than the other cultivars due to a higher ability of maintaining the root function for the uptake and supply of water to shoot under salinity conditions but not due to the adjustment of transpiration from stomata. 相似文献
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以草莓茎尖和花药为外植体,多重RT-PCR为检测方法研究了不同培养材料对3种草莓病毒,即斑驳病毒(strawberry mottle virus,SMoV)、轻型黄边病毒(strawberry mild-yellow edge virus,SMYEV)和镶脉病毒(strawberry vein-band virus,SVBV)的脱除情况。结果表明,花药愈伤组织再生苗途径对3种病毒的脱除率为100%。而不同大小茎尖脱除病毒效果不同:0.2mm茎尖可完全脱除3种病毒,但成苗率低;0.5mm茎尖可有效脱除SMoV和SVBV,但对SMYEV脱除不彻底;0.5mm茎尖成苗率明显高于0.2mm茎尖,但较难脱除SMYEV。综合病毒脱除率和成苗率,对花药再生频率较高的草莓基因型(如红颊)可以采用花药愈伤组织再生途径进行病毒脱除,而对于花药再生困难的基因型可以考虑选用茎尖分生组织途径获取脱毒苗。 相似文献
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农杆菌介导的洋桔梗遗传转化体系的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以洋桔梗叶片为外植体,建立了植株再生体系,并在此基础上,用根癌农杆菌介导法,研究了影响洋桔梗转化的若干因素。结果表明,诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.15mg/L,不定芽诱导率达74.5%;不定芽生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根率达90%。不定芽分化阶段和生根阶段的Km筛选浓度分别为45mg/L和15mg/L;根癌农杆菌菌液浓度OD600值为0.6,侵染时间10min,共培养时间3d,有利于抗性芽的产生。Km筛选得到的抗性植株经过PCR和Southern检测表明,八氢番茄红素合成酶基因(PSY)已经整合到洋桔梗基因组中。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对不同基因型大麦花药离体培养的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以2份耐盐大麦和3份未经耐盐性鉴定的大麦为供试材料,比较了它们的离体培养花药对诱导培养基中添加0.3%NACL、愈伤组织对分化培养基中添加0.3%NACL的培养反应。实验结果表明:在不添加NACL诱导培养基上培养的花药反应率与供试材料耐盐性无相关性;不添加NACL培养基上形成的愈伤组织在不添加NACL分化培养基上形成绿苗分化率与供试材料的耐盐性相关性不明显;添加NACL培养基上形成的花药反应率与供试材料耐盐性呈明显相关;添加NACL培养基上形成的绿苗分化率与供试材料的耐盐性相关性明显;愈伤组织诱导和苗分化二阶段连续给予NACL胁迫比分别给予NACL胁迫更易鉴定出供试材料的耐盐性。 相似文献
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阔叶猕猴桃抗生素敏感性及遗传转化的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以阔叶猕猴桃(Actinidia latifolia)叶片为外植体,研究了各种抗生素对形态分化和器官形成的影响,并以叶盘为受体,通过根癌农杆菌介导法获得了抗性愈伤组织和抗性芽,组织化学染色表明gus基因已在植物组织中表达。研究结果表明,对不定芽分化来说,头孢霉素(Cef)效果明显好于羧苄青霉素(Carb)。Cef浓度为300mg.L-1时效果最好,再生频率达100%,平均再生芽数达最大为9.76个芽/外植体。生根过程中高浓度的Cef(≥200mg.L-1)明显抑制生根,而Carb对生根没有显著影响。在卡那霉素(Kan)和Carb组合处理中,Carb对生根没有显著影响,但Kan明显抑制生根。随着Kan浓度的升高,生根率和平均根数迅速减少,当浓度升高到50mg.L-1时,生根完全被抑制。因此,农杆菌介导的阔叶猕猴桃遗传转化中愈伤组织和不定芽诱导过程宜选用300mg.L-1Cef来抑制农杆菌生长,Kan筛选的临界浓度为20mg.L-1。在抗性芽生根过程中Kan浓度应该控制在50mg.L-1以内,并改用Carb作为杀菌剂,生根效果会更好。该研究确定了农杆菌介导的阔叶猕猴桃叶片遗传转化中使用抗生素的种类和用量,为通过基因工程对阔叶猕猴桃进行遗传改良奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本文研究了基因型、植物生长调节剂及配比、基本培养基、外植体和苗龄等因子对草莓离体再生不定芽的影响。结果表明：草莓不同基因型再生能力差异很大,再生频率为0-94％,在4个供试草莓品种中以“达斯莱克特”再生能力最强。基本培养基MS＋B5大大促进草莓“达斯莱克特”叶片不定芽的分化,以MS＋B5＋6-BA3．0mg／L＋2,4-D0．1mg／L诱导效果最佳;同时,低浓度的2,4-D有利于不定芽再生,IAA、IBA、NAA分别以浓度1．0mg／L、0．5mg／L、0．1mg／L诱导较好,TDZ的诱导效果不明显,且不及6-BA。另外,叶片再生能力远大于叶柄和根,根未诱导出不定芽,以继代28～35d的试管苗幼嫩、平展叶片作为接种外植体为宜,获得了草莓高效的离体再生体系。 相似文献
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~(60)Co γ射线辐照对海雀稗愈伤组织植株再生的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以海雀稗品种Adalay(Paspalum vaginatum Sw.cv.Adalay)的颗粒状胚性愈伤组织为材料,在离体培养条件下研究不同剂量的60Coγ射线辐照对愈伤组织绿苗分化和植株再生的影响。结果显示,辐照剂量在20～50Gy时,辐照处理的愈伤组织分化绿苗的频率从94%左右降至85%;剂量在60～80Gy时,愈伤组织的绿苗分化率从76%左右降至30%左右,相对植株再生率从44.5%降至8.7%。60Gy为辐照处理海雀稗颗粒状愈伤组织的适宜剂量,辐照处理的愈伤组织在附加BAP2.0mg/L的愈伤组织分化培养基上,绿苗分化率在76%左右,分化的绿苗转到附加NAA0.5mg/L的生根培养基上,相对植株再生率为44.5%。SRAP分子标记测定结果显示,特异性SRAP标记与体细胞辐照诱变突变体相关。本研究建立起海雀稗体细胞60Coγ射线辐照诱变技术,为在细胞水平上开展海雀稗辐照诱变育种提供条件。 相似文献
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虎杖茎尖离体再生体系的建立和优化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
研究了苗龄、接种方式、不同植物生长调节剂、硝酸银和蔗糖等对虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum)茎尖愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和生根的影响。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+蔗糖28g/L+琼脂5.5g/L+2,4-D 1.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L,诱导率为100%;3-7d苗龄的虎杖茎尖愈伤组织诱导能力无显著差异,诱导率均达到95%以上,此后随着苗龄的增加,愈伤组织诱导能力快速下降,苗龄为12d时愈伤组织诱导率只有55.6%;以正插(形态学下端插入培养基)方式接种的外植体愈伤组织诱导率显著大于反插(形态学上端插入培养基)和平放的;不定芽分化最佳培养基为MS+AgNO34.0mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂6.0g/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+TDZ 0.8mg/L,分化率为83.9%,增殖系数为7.63;生根培养基选用1/2 MS+蔗糖26g/L+琼脂6.5g/L+活性碳3%+IBA 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L,生根率为100%。用透气膜封口比用聚乙烯菌膜生根率明显提高,生根明显提前。 相似文献
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Imdad Ullah ZAID Sajid Hanif MUHAMMAD Na ZHANG Xin ZHENG Likun WANG Xiaofang LI 《土壤圈》2022,32(4):555-564
Understanding the genetic mechanisms for cadmium(Cd) uptake and translocation in common wheat(Triticum aestivum) is of significance in food Cd contamination control. In this study, a diverse panel of 132 wheat cultivars was collected from the North China Plain. The cultivars were evaluated in terms of their phenotypic variations in response to Cd stress and subjected to a genome-wide association study(GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) associated with the phenotypic variatio... 相似文献
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抗生素对韭菜根尖培养植株再生的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
卡那霉素 (Km)和G41 8对韭菜根尖培养植株再生均有抑制作用 ,随浓度提高愈伤组织和芽的分化频率逐渐降低 ,G41 8的抑制作用更加显著 ,当Km取 2 0mg L、G41 8取 1 5mg L时 ,不能诱导成芽。羧苄青霉素 (Crb)和噻孢霉素 (Cef)对韭菜的植株再生也有抑制作用 ,当Crb≥ 3 0 0mg L、Cef≥ 2 0 0mg L时 ,严重影响愈伤组织和芽的分化频率 ,出芽数也迅速减少 ,抑制作用随浓度提高而增强。在所取浓度范围内Timen tin对植株再生的抑制作用较小 ,对愈伤组织和芽的分化频率影响不大 ,但是随着Ti mentin浓度提高 ,出芽数逐渐降低 ,当Timentin =50 0mg L时 ,出芽数降低到对照的49 4%。 相似文献
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梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)愈伤组织诱导及植株再生 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)无菌苗的茎尖、子叶、下胚轴为材料进行愈伤组织诱导,培养基中单独添加1~3mg/L的2,4-D或与0.5mg/L的6-BA配合使用,均能成功诱导出愈伤组织,但在愈伤组织诱导起始阶段,用含2,4-D 2.0mg/L、BA 0.5mg/L的培养基效果较好;在2,4-D1.0mg/L、BA 0.5mg/L的分化培养基上经过两次连续继代培养后,在含BA 0.5mg/LI、AA 1.0mg/L的培养基上愈伤组织生长状态最好,并从茎尖诱导的愈伤组织上获得了再生植株。 相似文献
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Treatment of seeds of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Ratna and IR36) separately with 10-5and 10-4M PbCl2and HgCl2decreased germination percentage, germination index (GI), shoot and root length, tolerance index (TI), vigour index (VI) and dry mass of shoot and root but increased percentage difference from control (% DFC) of germination and percentage phytotoxicity in both the cultivars. It was observed from these indices that the phytotoxic effect of mercury was greater than lead at identical concentrations and that IR36 appeared more tolerant than Ratna to these metals. Among the monitoring indices examined, TI, VI, and % phytotoxicity seemed to serve as good biological monitoring methods for evaluating the relative toxicity of lead and mercury to rice cultivars.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) plants in the early stage of development were treated with 80 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) with or without supplemental calcium (Ca2+) (8.75 mM) for a seven day period. The effects of salinity on dry matter production and shoot and root concentrations of sodium (Na+), Ca2+, and potassium (K+) were measured for seven Pioneer maize cultivars. Salinity significantly reduced total dry weight, leaf area, and shoot and root dry weight below control levels. For all seven cultivars, Na+concentrations were reduced and leaf area was significantly increased by supplementing salinized nutrient solutions with 8.75 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2). The two cultivars with the lowest shoot and root Na+ concentrations under NaCl‐salinity showed the greatest increases in total, shoot and root dry weights with the addition of supplemental Ca. Shoot fresh weight/dry weight ratios for all cultivars were decreased significantly by both salinity treatments, but supplemental Ca2+ increased the ratio relative to salinity treatments without supplemental Ca. Root fresh weight/dry weight ratios were decreased only by salinity treatments with supplemental Ca. With NaCl‐salinity, cultivars which had lower shoot and root Na+ concentrations were found to be more salt sensitive and had significantly lower amounts of dry matter production than those cultivars which had higher shoot and root Na+ concentrations. It was concluded that Na+ exclusion from the shoot was not correlated with and was an unreliable indicator of salt tolerance for maize. 相似文献
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为建立马来甜龙竹高效稳定的再生体系,本研究以马来甜龙竹种胚培养增殖芽的芽尖为试验材料,研究不同植物激素、有机添加物以及弱光处理对其再生体系建立的影响。结果表明,马来甜龙竹芽尖愈伤组织诱导较适宜培养基为添加0.5~1.0 mg·L-1 NAA和3 mg·L-1 2,4-D的MS培养基,致密颗粒状愈伤组织诱导率达61.7%;较适宜的分化培养基为添加1 mg·L-1 6-BA、1 mg·L-1 KT和0.25 mg·L-1 NAA的MS培养基,10 μmol·m-2·s-1弱光处理6 d,分化率达46.67%,再生苗伸长生长良好;较适宜的生根培养基为添加3 mg·L-1 IBA的1/2 MS培养基,生根率为55%,根较粗,其中部分根长有侧根。试管苗移植到混合基质中,成活率为83.33%。本研究初步建立了马来甜龙竹种胚培养增殖芽芽尖再生体系,为马来甜龙竹遗传转化体系的研究和应用奠定了基础。 相似文献