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1.
The pharmacokinetic behavior of cefepime was studied in healthy and febrile cross-bred calves after single intravenous administration
(10 mg/kg). The fever was induced with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/kg, IV). The drug concentration in plasma was detected by microbiological assay method using E. coli (MTCC 739) test organism. Pharmacokinetic analysis of disposition data indicated that intravenous administration data were
best described by 2 compartment open model. At 1 min the concentration of cefepime in healthy and febrile animals were 55.3 ± 0.54 μg/ml
and 50.0 ± 0.48 μg/ml, respectively and drug was detected up to 12 h. The elimination half-life of cefepime was increased
from 1.26 ± 0.01 h in healthy animals to 1.62 ± 0.09 h in febrile animals. Drug distribution was altered by fever as febrile
animals showed volume of distribution (0.27 ± 0.02 L/kg) higher than normal animal (0.19 ± 0.01 L/kg). Total body clearances
in healthy and febrile animals were 104.4 ± 2.70 and 114.2 ± 1.20 ml/kg/h, respectively. To maintain minimum therapeutic concentration
of 1 μg/ml, a satisfactory dosage regimen of cefepime in healthy and febrile cross-bred calves would be 15.5 mg/kg and 8.2 mg/kg
body weight, respectively, to be repeated at 8 h intervals. The T>MIC values (8 h) of cefepime suggested that this agent is
clinically effective in the treatment of various infections. 相似文献
2.
Perez-Rivero JJ Martinez-Maya JJ Perez-Martinez M Aguilar-Setien A Garcia-Suarez MD Serrano H 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(1):87-95
Dog overpopulation is considered a human health risk; they are the terrestrial vector of rabies and reservoirs for other human
diseases. Surgical neutering and intratesticular injections have been used in male dogs. Physiological and morphological alterations
in reproductive organs can be induced by phytoestrogens. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of oral coumestrol on dog ejaculates
and testis histology. Two groups of 5 healthy adult dogs were used. One coumestrolcontaining biscuit was given once a week
for a 4 week period to the experimental group. Ejaculates were obtained and evaluated. After treatment, testis were obtained
and processed for histology. Compared to controls, treated dogs have reduced tubules (462 ± 1.4 vs 336 ± 2 μ2), spermatogenic epithelium (49.1 ± 0.01 vs 13.3 ± 0.01 μ2), and lumen opening (891 ± 1.4 vs 530 ± 26.9 μ). Ejaculates from treated animals have increased numbers of abnormal spermatozoa
and reduced sperm concentration. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this study was to measure the dynamics of serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration in dogs with various
tumors, and to investigate the localization of AGP in some tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Sera were obtained
from 171 dogs bearing tumors of various types. Serum AGP concentration was measured by single radial immunodiffusion. Tumors
occurring in the liver and spleen were also investigated immunohistochemically using anti-canine AGP antibody. Mean serum
AGP levels were 749 ± 602 mg/L in dogs with carcinoma (n = 39), 1,014 ± 971 mg/L with sarcoma (n = 18), and 887 ± 935 mg/L with round cell tumors (n = 46), all significantly higher than serum AGP level in healthy dogs (n = 137, 364 ± 106 mg/L). Mean serum AGP levels were significantly higher than in healthy dogs in complex mammary gland carcinoma
(n = 5, 876 ± 721 mg/L), malignant melanoma (n = 7, 1,010 ± 821 mg/L), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 5, 936 ± 741 mg/L) among carcinomas, hemangiosarcoma (n = 5, 1,740 ± 1,323 mg/L) among sarcomas, and lymphoma (n = 19, 1,072 ± 965 mg/L) and histiocytic tumor (n = 6, 1,800 ± 1,387 mg/L) among round cell tumors. In an immunohistochemical investigation of AGP localization, both weak
and strong staining for anti-AGP antibody were seen in hepatic tissue in dogs with primary non-tumorous lesions originating
in the spleen (hematoma) and elevated serum AGP, but all tumor tissue in the spleen was negative. Among dogs with primary
tumor lesions of the spleen (hemangiosarcoma) and elevated serum AGP levels, both weak, moderate and strong staining for anti-AGP
antibody were seen in hepatic tissue, while strong positive staining was apparent in all tumorous tissue from the spleen.
In primary tumor lesions in the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma), both moderate and strong staining for anti-AGP antibody
were seen in normal hepatic tissue, and both weak, moderate and strong staining were seen in tumor tissues of the liver. AGP
levels thus appear to be elevated in dogs with carcinomas, sarcomas, and round cell tumors. With some of these malignant tumors,
localization of AGP in tumor tissue was seen. 相似文献
4.
Manso Filho HC Costa HE Wu G McKeever KH Watford M 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(2):175-182
In most mammalian species the developing fetus utilizes large amounts of glutamine derived both from the maternal circulation
and synthesized de novo in the placenta. The present study was designed to determine the role of the placenta in glutamine
synthesis in the horse. The placentae from eight Standardbred mares were sampled immediately after parturition together with
additional tissues obtained at necropsy from three Standbred mares during diestrous. Glutamine synthetase protein was detectable
in the non-pregnant horn of the placenta in amounts similar to those seen in gluteus muscle, but the amount in the pregnant
horn was two times greater than in the non-pregnant horn. Glutamine was the second most abundant amino acid in amniotic fluid
at a concentration of 310 ± 26 μmole/L with that of glycine being 535 ± 48 μmole/L. The most abundant amino acids in placental
tissue were glycine (3,732 ± 194 μmole/Kg), glutamate (3,500 ± 343 μmole/Kg) and glutamine (2,836 ± 208 μmole/Kg). The results
illustrate the importance of glutamine to the equine fetus and establish that the placenta, particularly the pregnant horn,
has considerable capacity for glutamine synthesis. 相似文献
5.
Picco EJ Rubio MR David DC Rodríguez C Boggio JC 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(5):401-410
The aim of this work was to study the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
activities of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after pour-on administration. Determination of cholinesterase activity
in plasma and erythrocyte was carried out according to Ellman kinetic method. The mean baseline activities were 9338.39 ± 1331.61
and 13220.69 ± 2274.18 to acetylcholinesterase and 624.65 ± 39.32 and 641.68 ± 88.08 IU/L to butyrylcholinesterase in females
and males, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase was the predominant form of cholinesterase analyzed, with low levels of butyrylcholinesterase.
The basal acetylcholinesterase activities of the bulls were significantly greater than those of cows. The inhibitory effect
of topical chlorpyrifos administration was lower on butyrylcholinesterase than on acetylcholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos peak
plasma concentration (male:10.920 ± 4.18; female:12.12 ± 3.88 μg/L) were reached at 11.92 ± 9.19 and 8.17 ± 7.67 h in male
and female, respectively. The values of area under curve were 185.96 ± 168.45 and 278.89 ± 270.00 μg·h/L and mean residence
time were 13.95 ± 8.10 and 14.90 ± 9.80 h in male and female, respectively. 相似文献
6.
Sudershan Kumar Anil K. Srivastava V. K. Dumka Naresh Kumar Rajinder K. Raina 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):503-510
Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous
administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition
followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vdarea, AUC, t1/2β, ClB, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg−1, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml−1.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg−1.h−1, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg−1, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml−1.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg−1.h−1, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration.
For MIC90 of 0.5 μg.ml−1 the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg−1 repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows. 相似文献
7.
Favarato ES de Souza MV Costa PR Pompermayer LG Favarato LS Ribeiro Júnior JI 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(5):271-282
This research aimed to determine the value of esophageal pH in awake and anesthetized dogs, to evaluate the esophageal pH
value in awake dogs, in different body positions, as well as to study the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux episodes in
these positions. Thus, 40 healthy male and female adult dogs with mean body weight of 15.5 ± 4.6 kg were used. Esophageal
pHmetry was conducted by inserting a catheter through the oropharynx in 30 dogs (stage 1) anesthetized with acepromazine,
propofol and isoflurane, submitted to elective ovariosalpingohysterectomy. In addition, 8-h esophageal pHmetry was carried
out transnasally in 10 awake dogs (stage 2), allowed to move and change body positions (lateral and sternal decubitus, and
standing position), which were recorded. The mean esophageal pH value was lower (p < 0.01) in the anesthetized dogs (7.3 ± 0.82) than in the awake dogs (8.2 ± 0.3). Only four anesthetized dogs (13.33%) suffered
reflux episodes. Reflux was not observed in the awake dogs and no esophageal pH differences were found between the body positions
studied. Compared to the alert state, general anesthesia in dogs submitted to the previously mentioned anesthesia protocol
causes esophageal pH reduction and predisposes to the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux episodes. Transnasal pHmetry of
8 h in healthy awake dogs reveals that the esophageal pH value is alkaline and does not vary according to body position. In
these animals, decubitus position is not a determining factor for reflux episodes to occur. 相似文献
8.
Landaeta-Hernández A Zambrano-Nava S Hernández-Fonseca JP Godoy R Calles M Iragorri JL Añez L Polanco M Montero-Urdaneta M Olson T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):657-663
The variation in hair coat and skin histology traits of Criollo Limonero cattle was analyzed using 213 Criollo Limonero females.
Skin biopsies were obtained from slick-haired (N = 16) and normal-haired (N = 14) animals. Measured traits included hair length (HL), color coat (CC), number of hair follicles per square centimeter
(NHF), sweat glands per square centimeter (NSG), sweat glands size (SGS), sebaceous glands per square centimeter (NSBG), blood
vessels per square centimeter (NBV), and thickness of epidermis (TE). Hair length differed (P < 0.001) between slick- and normal-haired animals (4.9 ± 0.12 vs 10.9 ± 0.20, respectively). Differences (P < 0.01) in CC (Bayo = 144/67.6% vs Red = 69/32.4%) and HL (slick-haired = 199/93.4% vs normal-haired = 14/6.5%) were found.
Distribution of slick- and normal-haired animals differed (P < 0.01) between bayo-coated and red-coated (139/62.2% vs 9/4.2%; respectively). Most (P < 0.05) red-coated animals belonged to a single family. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between slick-haired and normal-haired animals in NHF (637 ± 164 vs 587 ± 144, respectively), NSG (556 ± 134
vs 481 ± 118, respectively), NSBG (408 ± 87 vs 366 ± 77, respectively), NBV (1628 ± 393 vs 1541 ± 346, respectively), and
TE (1.24 ± 0.14 vs 1.32 ± 0.12, respectively). However, SGS was greater (P < 0.01) in slick-haired than normal-haired animals. In conclusion, Criollo Limonero cattle are predominantly bayo-coated,
slick-haired, with a reduced number of hair follicles relative to Zebu cattle, sweat and sebaceous glands in proportion to
hair follicle numbers, and with a high blood flow irrigating the skin. There is a sub-group of red-coated animals with yellow
or cream skin, thicker epidermis, and with a higher frequency of normal-haired animals. It appears that the slick hair gene has been favored by natural selection in this breed. 相似文献
9.
de Lucas JJ San Andrés MI González F Froyman R Rodríguez C 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(4):275-279
This study compared pharmacokinetic profiles in cattle dosed subcutaneously with two different formulations of enrofloxacin
(5% and 10%) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were determined
by a HPLC/u.v. method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin and its metabolite were similar in both injectable formulations.
Enrofloxacin peak plasma concentration (5%: 0.73 ± 0.32; 10%: 0.60 ± 0.14 μg/mL) was reached at 1.21 ± 0.52 and 1.38 ± 0.52 h
to 5 and 10%, respectively. The terminal half-live and area under curve were 2.34 ± 0.46 and 2.59 ± 0.46 h, and 3.09 ± 0.81
and 2.93 ± 0.58 μg·h/mL, to 5 and 10%, respectively. The AUC/MIC90 and Cmax/MIC90 ratios for both formulations exceed the proposed threshold values for optimized efficacy and minimized resistance development
whilst treating infections or septicaemia caused by P. multocida and E. coli. 相似文献
10.
Erdogan HM Karapehlivan M Citil M Atakisi O Uzlu E Unver A 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(4):333-339
This study was designed to disclose some indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation in natural cases of bovine leptospirosis.
For this purpose, 12 bulls exhibiting clinical signs of leptospirosis and 10 healthy bulls were used. Animals were subjected
to thorough clinical examination and the clinical signs were recorded. All animals were blood sampled in order to determine
serum total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LBSA), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide
(NO), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), albumin and glucose. Urine samples were collected from each animal and examined
under dark-field microscope to observe spirochetes. Diseased animals exhibited clinical signs suggesting leptospirosis and
the diagnosis was supported by positive dark-field microscope examination. Mean TSA (mmol/L), LBSA (mmol/L), TP (g/dl), albumin
(g/dl), glucose (mg/dl), MDA (μmol/L), GSH (mg/dl), NO (nmol/ml), and UA (mg/L) levels were 1.63 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.10, 7.18 ± 0.24,
3.23 ± 0.5, 64.96 ± 1.88, 5.71 ± 0.11, 78.68 ± 0.72, 7.94 ± 0.34, and 8.75 ± 0.41 in healthy bulls, and 2.50 ± 0.05, 0.70 ± 0.2,
9.27 ± 0.17, 2.55 ± 0.62, 107.93 ± 2.52, 8.82 ± 0.14, 47.85 ± 1.85, 14.57 ± 0.63 and 15.85 ± 0.80 in leptospirosis cases,
respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Increased TSA, LBSA, MDA,
NO, UA, TP, glucose and decreased GSH and albumin concentrations were suggestive of inflammation and oxidative stress in diseased
bulls. The results obtained may suggest that oxidative damage along with other mechanisms might have taken part in the pathogenesis
of bovine leptospirosis and further detailed studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism(s) of the disease. 相似文献
11.
Armando José Oropeza Ángel F. Rojas Miguel A. Velazquez Juan D. Muro Ysabel C. Márquez Lourdes T. Vilanova 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1149-1154
The objective of the study was to determine the efficiency of ovsynch (OV) versus presynch-ovsynch (P-OV) protocol for synchronization
of ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI) in female buffaloes. The OV group (n = 40) received gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on day 0 (random day of the estrous cycle), prostaglandin ( PGF2a ) \left( {{\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }}} \right) on day 7 and a second GnRH administration on day 9 followed by a single artificial insemination (AI) 16-20 h later. The P-OV
group (n = 40) received two PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }} injections 14 days apart, with the second injection administered 14 days before starting the OV protocol. Progesterone (P4) was measured at the time of PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }} administration (within the OV protocol) and AI. Neither ovulation rate ((24 h after TAI) OV 90%-36/40 vs. P-OV 85%-34/40)
nor pregnancy rates ((day 60 after TAI) OV 35%-14/40 vs. P-OV 45%-18/40) differed between the two protocols. Pregnant buffaloes
had lower concentrations of P4 at AI compared with non-pregnant animals in the OV group (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml); but in the P-OV group, differences
did not reach statistical significance (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1 ng/ml). This apparent trend reached statistical significance
when the analysis was carried out in animals from both protocols (0.7 ± 0.1 (pregnant) vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 (non-pregnant) ng/ml).
In conclusion, both protocols synchronize ovulation effectively with no significant differences in conception rates. High
concentrations of P4 at AI seem to be detrimental for the establishment of pregnancy in lactating buffalo cows. 相似文献
12.
G. Ajitkumar T. Sreekumaran R. Praseeda K. A. Mercy K. N. Aravinda Ghosh 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):65-69
Forty bitches in anoestrus for more than six months from the last heat, with a serum progesterone level less than 1 ng/ml
were subjected to oestrus induction trials using anti-prolactin drugs and levothyroxine, once daily orally for 20 consecutive
days. The mean serum progesterone level among them was found to be 0.57 ± 0.03 ng/ml. Out of 10 animals treated in each group,
five (50%) in Group I (bromocriptine @ 50 μg/kg body weight), nine (90%) in Group II (cabergoline @ 5 μg/kg body weight),
eight (80%) in Group III (thyroxine @10 μg/kg body weight) and seven (70%) in Group IV (thyroxine @ 5 μg/kg body weight) responded
by evincing proestrual bleeding. The mean (±SEM) time taken from initiation of treatment to onset of proestrual bleeding in
Groups I, II, III and IV was 28 ± 3.39, 13.44 ± 3.12 (P < 0.05), 24.50 ± 3.18 and 33 ± 2.21 days respectively. The mean (±SEM)
duration of proestrus and oestrus in the treatment groups was 9.80 ± 0.86, 10.11 ± 0.68, 11.25 ± 0.88 and 10.71 ± 0.68 days
and 7.60 ± 0.24, 8 ± 0.29, 8.5 ± 0.63 and 7.85 ± 0.46 days respectively. The conception rate in relation to the number of
animals responding to oestrus induction in the treatment groups was 80%, 78%, 63% and 57%, respectively. The mean (±SEM) gestation
length calculated from the last breeding date and litter size in the treatment groups varied from 60.50 ± 1.55 to 64.00 ± 0.82 days
and 5.14 ± 0.34 to 6.40 ± 0.40 respectively. 相似文献
13.
Ravinder Sappal Rakesh Kumar Chaudhary Harpal Singh Sandhu Pritam Kaur Sidhu 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):659-667
Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin was investigated in buffalo calves following
intravenous administration at the dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg to select the optimal dosage regimen of danofloxacin. Drug concentrations
in plasma and urine were measured by microbiological assaying. In vitro plasma protein binding was determined employing the equilibrium dialysis technique. The distribution and elimination of danofloxacin
were rapid, as indicated by values (mean ±SD) of distribution half-life (t1/2α = 0.16 ± 0.07 h) and elimination half-life (t1/2β = 4.24 ± 1.78 h), respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) = 3.98 ± 1.69 L/kg indicated large distribution
of drug. The area under plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 1.79 ± 0.28 μg/mlxh and MRT was 8.64 ± 0.61 h.
Urinary excretion of danofloxacin was 23% within 48 h of its administration. Mean plasma protein binding was 36% at concentrations
ranging from 0.0125 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml. On the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, it is concluded that the revision
of danofloxacin dosage regimen in buffalo calves is needed because the current dosage schedule (1.25 mg/kg) is likely to promote
resistance. 相似文献
14.
Tebug SF Kasulo V Chikagwa-Malunga S Wiedemann S Roberts DJ Chagunda MG 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):55-62
Milk production in Malawi is still unsatisfactory despite efforts by different stakeholders to boost the dairy sector. To
investigate the roots of the problem, a survey on the current production practices and constraints on smallholder dairy farming
was conducted in the Northern Region of the country. A total of 210 farmers were interviewed. The results revealed that farmers
had small herd sizes in the region with an average of 2.2 ± 0.6 cattle per farmer. Average herd size was larger in male-managed
farms than in female-managed farms (2.6 ± 2.8 vs. 1.8 ± 1.3), farmers with more than 5 years of dairy farming experience had
larger herds than those with less experience (2.6 ± 2.8 vs. 1.9 ± 1. 2) and farmers who grazed their animals tended to have
larger herds than those that stall-fed their animals (4.4 ± 5.1 vs. 1.9 ± 1.3). Average milk production was 8.2 ± 6.5 l per
cow per day. Higher average daily milk production was observed in farmers with above primary school education (10.3 ± 8.3
vs. 7.7 ± 5.6), those with dairy farming as main activity (9.3 ± 6.6 vs. 6. 5 ± 6.1) and farmers with more than 2 years of
experience in dairy farming (9.3 ± 6.3 vs. 6.1 ± 6.4). Unreliable supply of improved animal genetics, poor animal health,
feed shortage and poor prices for milk were considered to be the most important constraints to smallholder dairy farming in
descending order. 相似文献
15.
Circadian rhythm of metabolic changes associated with summer heat stress in high-producing dairy cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohamed Ahmed M. M. Shehab-El-Deen Moustafa S. Fadel Ann Van Soom Sherif Y. Saleh Dominiek Maes Jo L. M. R. Leroy 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1119-1125
The current study aimed to investigate the circadian rhythm of blood metabolic parameters associated with summer heat stress
(HS) in dairy cows. Ten healthy lactating Holstein Friesian cows were followed during HS for three successive days at six
different time points. Blood was sampled from each cow starting from 07:00 am; at 4-h intervals. Ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded, and temperature-humidity index (THI) was
calculated as well. Respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded for each cow at the time of blood sampling.
Concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol (TC) and urea were measured in each blood
sample. The THI values were >68 at all times of the day, and the highest values were recorded at 11:00 am, 03:00 pm and 07:00 pm (80.9, 83.7, and 80.8, respectively). All the cows showed a significantly higher RR and RT coinciding with higher THI values
(93 ± 4 and 39.6 ± 0.1; 90.2 ± 3.4, and 40.1 ± 0.1; 87.6 ± 4.1, and 39.8 ± 0.1, respectively, P < 0.05). The concentrations of glucose were the lowest at 11:00 am and 03:00 pm (3.75 ± 0.1 and 3.44 ± 0.1 mmol/L, respectively, P < 0.05). Decreased glucose concentrations coincided with increased NEFA concentrations, (0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.56 ± 0.02 mmol/L,
respectively, P < 0.05), and were highly negatively correlated (r = −0.50, P < 0.001). The highest urea and TC concentrations were registered at 11:00 am (6.11 ± 0.15 mmol/L and 109.9 ± 2.2 mg/dl, respectively) whereas the lowest urea and TC values were recorded at 03:00 am (4.97 ± 0.18 mmol/L and 99.5 ± 1.7 mg/dl, respectively, P < 0.05). The results of the present study indicate that there was a circadian variation in glucose, NEFA, urea, and TC resulting
in the most unfavorable metabolic condition during the hottest moment of the day in dairy cattle. Earlier work revealed that
HS-metabolic changes are reflected in the follicular fluid. The circadian changes observed in the present study associated
with HS may imply that also the microenvironment of the oocyte is affected. 相似文献
16.
Jenise Daigle Alain Moussy Colin D. Mansfield Olivier Hermine 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):51-63
There is an on-going need to identify medications suitable for the long-term treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD).
Masitinib mesilate is a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the c-KIT receptor. A strong relationship exists
between the SCF/c-KIT pathway and pathogenesis of CAD, suggesting that masitinib may potentially fulfil the above role. This
study reports on an uncontrolled pilot study of masitinib in CAD. Masitinib was administered orally to 11 dogs at a mean dose
of 11.0 ± 1.83 mg/kg/day (free base) for 28 days. Treatment response was assessed by evolution of clinical appearance according
to a modified version of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (mCADESI), pruritus scale and surface area
of lesions. Masitinib improved CAD with a mean reduction in mCADESI of 50.7 ± 29.8% (95% C.I. = 29.4–72.0; p = 0.0004) at
day 28 relative to baseline, with 8/10, 8/10 and 4/10 dogs showing improvement of ≥33%, ≥40% and ≥50%, respectively. Improvement
was further evidenced by a decrease in pruritus score and the surface area of lesions. No serious or severe adverse events
occurred during this trial, although 6/11 dogs presented with mild to moderate treatment related adverse events. There is
sufficient compelling evidence to warrant further investigation. 相似文献
17.
The present investigation was carried out to assess the erythrocytic oxidative stress indices such as lipid peroxides level
and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, and some hematological parameters after treatment
of subclinically ketotic lactating cows with antioxidants, vitamin E and selenium, incorporated in conventional treatment
regimen. The study was carried out using lactating cows reared in small dairy herds in and around Bhubaneswar. Out of 250
urine samples examined, 42 cows were diagnosed positive for subclinical ketosis with an overall incidence of 16.8%. Blood
samples were collected on day 0 (before treatment) and treatment was initiated on day 1 and the second sampling was carried
out on day 7. The hematological parameters improved significantly following treatment as compared to pre-treatment level (day
0). A significant (P < 0.05) improvement was observed on day 7 with respect to hemoglobin level (8.66 ± 0.23 vs. 9.12 ± 0.14 gm/dl)
and packed cell volume (29.7 ± 0.56 vs. 31.1 ± 0.50%) in the group given routine treatment along with antioxidants. The comparison
of mean lipid peroxides level before (day 0) and after treatment (day 7) revealed a significant difference in group I (routine
treatment, P < 0.05) and group II (routine treatment plus antioxidants, P < 0.01). The maximum reduction in SOD activity was
recorded in group II animals after treatment with conventional regimes along with supplemented antioxidants (1.29 ± 0.08 against
1.89 ± 0.15 units/ mg of Hb, P < 0.01). The mean value of SOD activity recorded in group III animals kept as non-treated positive
control (PC) on day 7 (2.59 ± 0.14 units/mg of Hb) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the mean level recorded on day
0 (1.91 ± 0.31 units/mg of Hb). An almost similar trend was observed in erythrocytic catalase activity where there was a significant
(P < 0.05) reduction in catalase activity in the group II (RT+A) but there was no significant increase in catalase activity
in non-treated positive control (PC) animals. 相似文献
18.
Seventy multiparous healthy lactating Holstein cows (fat-corrected milk yield = 7,561.8 kg) were monitored from 14 days before
to 70 days after calving. Transrectal ultrasound scanning was performed twice weekly from 7 to 65 days postpartum. Blood samples
were also collected twice weekly to measure serum P4 and biweekly to detect serum β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Body condition score
(BCS) was taken biweekly after calving. Based on the serum P4 profile of 59 cows (11 cows were excluded due to the occurrence of postpartum diseases) studied, 27 (45.8%) had normal ovarian
activity, while 21 (35.6%), six (10.1%), three (5.1%), and two (3.4%) had delayed ovulation (DOV), prolonged luteal phase
(PLP), short luteal phase (SLP), and cessation of ovarian activity, respectively. Cows with PLP had an earlier ovulation compared
to that of cows with normal ovarian activity (23.16 ± 4.02 vs 31.9 ± 8.35 days; P < 0.05). PLP cows also had a greater mean ± standard deviation peak milk yield (44.2 ± 5.8 vs 37.2 ± 5.7 kg/day, 75 days
postpartum; P < 0.05) than cows with normal postpartum ovarian activity. The PLP group also had greater milk production in the previous
lactation period. Logistic regression analysis indicated that cows with P4 concentration ≥1 ng/ml on day 24 after calving were more at risk for PLP by 1.1 for each 1 kg increase in mean peak milk
yield during 75 days after calving. BCS was lower in cows with DOV compared to that of cows with normal ovarian activity at
any time after calving (P < 0.05). Serum βHB concentrations in DOV cows were significantly higher than that of normal cows on day 42 after calving
(0.69 ± 0.29 vs 0.54 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the mean concentrations of NEFA between cows in different groups at any time
after calving (P > 0.05). The concentrations of P4 on days 28 and 31 were negatively correlated with βHB concentration on day 42 after calving in cows with normal ovarian activity
(R = −0.44, P = 0.02). In conclusion, these findings suggest that early ovulation and hence early postpartum P4 rise in addition to the high milk production could partly be responsible for the occurrence of PLP in dairy cows. 相似文献
19.
Gomes Pöppl Á Costa Valle S Hilário Díaz González F de Castro Beck CA Kucharski LC Silveira Martins Da Silva R 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):81-84
Estrus cycle is a well recognized cause of insulin resistance in bitches. The insulin receptor (IR) as well as the insulin-like
growth factor-I receptor belong to the same subfamily of tyrosine kinase (TK) receptors. The objective of this study was to
evaluate basal TK activity in muscle tissue of bitches during the estrus cycle. Twenty-four bitches were used in the study
(7 in anestrus, 7 in estrus, and 10 in diestrus). Muscle samples, taken after spaying surgery to determine TK activity, were
immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at −80°C until the membranes were prepared by sequential centrifugation
after being homogenized. TK activity was determined by Poly (Glu 4:Tyr 1) phosphorylation and expressed in cpm/μg of protein.
TK activity was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the animals in estrus (104.5 ± 11.9 cpm/μg of protein) and diestrus (94.5 ± 16.9 cpm/μg of protein) when compared
with bitches in anestrus (183.2 ± 39.2 cpm/μg of protein). These results demonstrate, for the first time, lower basal TK activity
in the muscle tissue of female dogs during estrus and diestrus, which may represent lower insulin signaling capacity, opening
a new field of investigation into the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in dogs. 相似文献
20.
Abd El-Aty AM Goudah A Mouneir SM Sunwoo YE Jang JH Shin JG Shim JH Shimoda M 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(1):67-75
The effect of experimentally induced fever on the pharmacokinetics of cefepime administered intravenously at a dose of 75
mg/kg bw was studied in six healthy rabbits. The study was conducted in two consecutive phases, separated by a washout period
of 2 weeks. Infection was induced by the intravenous inoculation of 5 × 108 cfu of Escherichia
coli 24 h before the pharmacokinetic investigation was carried out. Serial blood samples for cefepime concentration determination
were obtained for 48 h following drug administration. The concentrations of cefepime in the plasma were determined by a quantitative
microbiological assay using an agar-gel diffusion method employing Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism, with a level of detectability of approximately 0.10 μg/ml. Cefepime plasma concentrations
versus time were evaluated by non-compartmental methods using WinNonLin. Cefepime was well tolerated and no serious adverse
events were observed. Rectal temperature increased 1°C 24 h post injection in infected animals. Highly significant differences in the blood plasma concentrations of cefepime were
observed between febrile and healthy animals at all the sampling times. This could explain the greater area under the plasma
level–time curve of the drug in febrile compared with healthy animals. The results from pharmacokinetic calculations showed
that both the distribution volume at steady state (V
dss) and body clearance (CLtot) were affected in febrile as compared to healthy animals. The mean values of V
dss and CLtot of cefepime in healthy rabbits were 1.168 L/kg and 0.303 L/kg/h, respectively. As compared with healthy animals, the mean
estimates of V
dss (0.917 L/kg) and CLtot (0.205 L/kg per h) of cefepime were significantly lower, whereas t
1/2λ, MRT and AUMC were significantly higher in febrile rabbits. It is concluded that, although experimental infection had an
effect on the disposition kinetics of cefepime in healthy and febrile rabbits, this was not sufficiently pronounced to require
alteration of the dosage during disease. 相似文献