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1.
H. Zingstra 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):229-232
Summary The rapid growth of the number of potato breeders in the Netherlands was favourably influenced by a wide spread interest for all problems concerned with potatoes, by financial support and advice.In 1954, the number of potato breeders was 193; 46 of them can be considered professional breeders, while of 20 breeders one or more varieties figure in the Dutch List of Varieties 1954.The creation of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding resulted in the enhancement of the level of potato breeding and the increase of the number of potato seedlings raised every year. 相似文献
2.
J. Trip 《Euphytica》1957,6(2):185-188
Summary In evaluating a potato variety as a parent for breeding purposes use was made of the experience gained in cattle breeding. In order to ascertain the influence of for instance Komeet on Record, seedlings of the cross Komeet × Record were compared with Record itself.It was found that Bintje and Engelum Y 226 exert a favourable influence on the spraign-resistance of the seedlings resulting from crosses using these varieties.The writer suggests the collection of more data by working on a larger scale with the cooperation of many breeders and the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, in order to get a clearer perception of the value of potato varieties in breeding work for spraign-resistance. 相似文献
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4.
J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):212-220
Summary In the Netherlands the home-bred varieties are developed almost entirely by private establishments. The Government institutes (Institute of Agricultural Plant Breeding and Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding) at Wageningen give advice to the breeders of field crops.The private plant breeders are informed of the results obtained and the working methods. They receive plant material for their breeding programme.The List of Varieties is the reference guide not only for the farmers but also to the plant breeders and the seedsmen. In the case of field crops it forms the basis for the seed inspection. A close connection exists between the breeding, variety-list and seed inspection. 相似文献
5.
J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1958,7(1):9-20
In the Dutch List of Varieties of 25 years ago many varieties occurred which are no longer grown now. By a change-over from the use of line-selection in local varieties to the application of artificial crossing, much progress was made in self-fertilizing plants (wheat, barley, oats, flax, etc.).Great improvements were also attained in the field of grasses. Many new grass strains from Dutch breeders now figure in the List.By paying more attention to disease resistance a number of resistant varieties have been obtained and important vistas have been opened. Increasingly and on a much larger scale than 25 years ago, use is made of the gene stock of other countries.In sugar beet, polyploid varieties have come to the fore, while everywhere attempts are being made to raise tetraploid fodder beets. In other crops also the prospects of polyploid varieties are encouraging.In the last 25 years many breeding establishments have been modernized. Many have glasshouses and use them to good advantage in their breeding work.The establishment of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding (S.V.P.) rendered it possible to pay more attention to extension while private breeders are provided with good parent plants and selected hybrid populations.The Plant Breeder's Decree became a protection of the breeder's property. As a result the number of breeders increased considerably in the last 25 years, especially those in the field of potato breeding.
Adapted from an article in Dutch, published in the Memorial volume Tussen ras en gewas (Amidst crops and varieties) of the N.A.K. (3). 相似文献
Adapted from an article in Dutch, published in the Memorial volume Tussen ras en gewas (Amidst crops and varieties) of the N.A.K. (3). 相似文献
6.
F. E. Nijdam 《Euphytica》1964,13(3):201-205
Through the work of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, S.V.P., the Government contributes to plant breeding in the Netherlands.The S.V.P. provides the breeders of agricultural crops with basic material comprising semi-products, the development of which may be expected to present the breeders with difficulties. It also conducts research, the results of which breeders could use to advantage. There are no strict regulations for the interplay between the Government and the breeder which specify that the latter has to take over and complete the work begun by the former.A close consultation between the breeders and the Foundation is possible through working groups of the Netherlands Breeders' Association. The ideas and desires of the provate breeders regarding governmental activities in the field of plant breeding can be brought up for discussion at meetings of the working groups.Fifteen years of experience in co-operation between private breeders and the Government are outlined. Although it is not always easy to satisfy all interests, it may be said that the present system of co-operation is greatly appreciated by all the parties concerned and that important results have been obtained. 相似文献
7.
Since the discovery of the use of colchicine in plant breeding, breeders have created tetraploid sugar and fodder beet. The results obtained were not very encouraging and therefore they soon proceeded to develop varieties containing triploids.At the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen, polyploidy breeding was started in 1950. The initial material comprised two sugar beet varieties and five fodder beet varieties. By cytological examination of the aberrant individuals in the first and the second year after colchicine treatment, seed was obtained which produced a high percentage of tetraploids. In total 793 C2 families were tested on trial fields and from these 32% appeared to be better than the original diploid material.The breeders interested in the material were provided with seed and stecklings of all the families in the C1, C2 or C3 stage. With the distribution of this material the building up of tetraploid families at the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding has been closed. 相似文献
8.
H. de Haan 《Euphytica》1952,1(1):60-61
Summary The English abstracting journal Plant Breeding Abstracts gives a satisfactory synopsis of books on plant breeding and of articles in this field that have appeared in general and professional journals.In the above survey are mentioned the following periodicals: Sveriges Utsädesföreningstidskrift (1891 ), Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung (1913 ), Der Züchter (1929 ), Agri Hortique Genetica (1943 ), Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (1941 ), Melhoramento (1948 ), Annales de l'Amélioration (1951 ) and Euphytica, Netherlands Journal of Plant Breeding (1952 ).
Vaktijdschriften op het gebied van de plantenveredeling相似文献
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10.
G. Dantuma 《Euphytica》1958,7(2):189-195
In 1951 the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen, had a refrigerator and hardening equipment installed with the aim of providing private breeders with cold-resistant material and of testing their young lines for this character.This gave the author an opportunity of studying the problems of winterhardiness. The data gathered were treated in a thesis (2). This article gives a summary. 相似文献
11.
J. Brown 《Euphytica》1987,36(3):711-718
Summary The efficiency of single plant selection in the initial selection stage of a potato breeding programme was examined. A random sample of potato clones was grown in single plant plots and also in tworeplicates of five plant plots. After harvest, each plot was visually assessed by three potato breeders; total tuber weight and number of tubers per plant were also recorded, from which mean tuber weight was calculated. The error variances of the single plant plots were found to be significantly greater than from the five plant plots for total tuber weight, mean tuber weight and number of tubers per plant, but not significantly different for breeders' preference. Coefficients of correlation between single and five plants plots were significantly greater than zero for all traits examined, but they were lower than the corresponding correlations between the two replicates of five plant plots. Although a random sample of clones was examined, each clone had been assessed for breeders' preference the previous year. When the clones were grouped according to the previous years preference scores, it was found that the correlation coefficients between single and five plant plots for breeders' preference were inversely related, in magnitude, to the mean preference score of each group. It was concluded that single plant selection was generally ineffective, particularly when only the better clones, from the previous years assessment, are examined. 相似文献
12.
On the problem of pre-harvest sprouting of wheat 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary The problem of pre-harvest sprouting in wheat is very intricate. New concepts in breeding for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting regard many components such as -amylase production potential, response to gibberellic acid and inhibition in the bracts as important as dormancy. In the research work carried out at The University of Sydney's Plant Breeding Institute, we found varietal differences for each of these components. We also developed criteria for screening breeding material for these components. The implications of our findings in planning efficient breeding programmes to evolve varieties with multiple resistance to pre-harvest sprouting have been discussed briefly. 相似文献
13.
Agus Purwito G. A. Wattimena Muhamad Syukur Sobir Ferdhi I. Nuryana Heri Harti Awang Maharijaya 《Euphytica》2017,213(10):237
Potato is one of the most important crops in the world, including in the tropics. Potato requires low temperatures or cool climate for optimum tuber yield, which in the tropics, can be obtained mostly in high altitude growing areas. The limitation of land availability for potato production in highland areas of some tropical countries has steered the recent development of potato production to medium altitude areas. The objective of our study is to identify potato accessions with promising levels of heat resistance in laboratory and with good adaptation to medium altitude in the field. We used in vitro assay to screen a number of potato clones with possible resistance to heat stress on the basis literature and database of the International Potato Center, supplemented with the collection of Bogor Agricultural University. We then continued with verification of selected clones using field test in high altitude (1300 m above sea level) and medium altitude (700 m above sea level) areas. Our result showed that there is considerable variation of S. tuberosum for their adaptation to medium altitude areas in the tropics that can be exploited in breeding programs. We identified one genotype PKHT 2013-06 that was superior for its ability to produce tubers under extreme conditions. Thus, it might be very suitable to be used in a breeding program to develop tolerant varieties of potato to medium altitude areas in the tropics. 相似文献
14.
H. de Haan 《Euphytica》1962,11(1):1-4
The writer gives a survey of the essential features of the Plant Breeder's Decree which has been in force now for 20 years. The protection of the breeder's work and its remuneration has exerted a stimulating influence on the development of plant breeding in the Netherlands.In discussing the rate of compensation for breeders the potato has been taken as an example. More than 480,000 guilders was paid to potato breeders as a compensation for the seed potato production of their varieties in harvest year 1958.The Plant Breeder's Decree also holds for varieties developed by foreign breeders provided that reciprocal arrangements exist with the country concerned. 相似文献
15.
Summary Striking similarities appear to exist between selected protoplast-derived variants (PD-clones) of the potato cultivar Russet Burbank, and commonly occurring somatic potato sports, called bolters. A limited survey of individuals involved in the certification of Russet Burbank, revealed that bolters do commonly occur in this variety, are highly variable, and sometimes occur at high frequency. It is therefore suggested that bolters and the more promising selected PD-clones of Russest Burbank may be one and the same, arising from the same type of macromutation.One selected PD-clone, three different Russet Burbank bolters, and two controls were analyzed for 15 isozymes in the hope of determining if bolters and promising PD-clones belong to the same class of variants. No isozyme variation between Russet Burbank and its subclones was observed. The breeding value of protoplast-derived variation is discussed in this light.Approved by the Director of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station for publication as Journal paper No. 3554, Oct. 19, 1983. 相似文献
16.
Summary Open-pollinated seed of 500 genotypes of commercial cultivars, breeding selections and wild species of apples (Malus × domestica) was collected from overseas mixed-clone repositories. This is to generate the first generation of the new Apple Breeding Population.Subsequent generations will be intercrossed in a pair-crossing design. Recurrent selection for general combining ability (GCA) is the breeding method used for genetic improvement of the Breeding Population. Every parent in the control-pollinated breeding population is tested for GCA using a polycross mating design.The best individuals of the Breeding Population, intensively selected between families using the polycross GCA estimates, and also within families are intermated to produce a Cultivar Production Population. Trees selected from this have then to be evaluated in grafted clonal tests before commercial release.Each generation, a new Breeding Population of 500 genotypes is selected from the pair-cross families, based on parental GCA values (from polycross tests), full-sib family means and individual performance and then intercrossed. Greatest emphasis will be on within-family selection not between-family, so as to avoid reducing the effective population size. 相似文献
17.
Summary A study was made of the occurrence of mutants in plants of four clones of Begonia x hiemalis grown from leaf cuttings irradiated with 0, 1500, 2000 or 2500 rad of X-rays. Irradiation reduced the number and slowed down the development of adventitious shoots, but to a different degree in the four clones used. The percentage of mutated shoots was as high as 18–35% in the non-irradiated shoots. Irradiation raised it to more than 80%. In the control plants, almost exclusively flower colour mutants were found. Irradiation caused a wider range of flower colour mutants and also caused mutations of growth habit, colour and size of the leaves, and size and shape of the flower. Almost all mutants were solid, i.e. non-chimeral.Publication 405, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 相似文献
18.
H. de Haan 《Euphytica》1958,7(1):31-37
Potato breeding proper in the Netherlands started in 1888 at the initiative of Geert Veenhuizen at Sappemeer. He was very successful in breeding new potato varieties and stimulated Dutch farmers to tackle potato breeding.On November 18, 1957, just 100 years from the day that Veenhuizen was born, a memorial meeting was held at Sappemeer. Veenhuizen's significance was illustrated and a portrait presented to the Agricultural University.Reproductions of the portrait and a memoir in higher, secondary and primary agricultural schools will keep alive Veenhuizen's significance for agriculture in the Netherlands. 相似文献
19.
G. D. McCollum 《Euphytica》1971,20(4):549-560
Summary Heritability estimates were made by S1 on parent regression, half sib on maternal parent regression, and half sib intra-class correlation. Heritability of greening on the shoulders of carrot roots appeared to be low, less than 25%, when estimated in a population synthesized from diverse cultivars and breeding lines and grown without special attention to cultivation procedures. As shown in a separate trial, expression of greening is much influenced by exposure of the root to sunlight. External greening, defined as the length of visible green extending from the crown toward the root tip, did not seem to be genetically correlated with root weight, length, diameter, or shape index (the length/diameter ratio), but the sampling errors of the correlation estimates were very high. Two cycles of selection for and against eternal greening appeared to result in larger, shorter and thicker roots in the greening population than in the nongreening one. The mean differences in greening between the green and nongreen selections grown in 1964 were 11.0 vs. 6.1 mm external green and 14.6 vs. 7.8 mm internal green; in 1965, they were 23.8 vs. 16.6 mm external green, 21.5 vs. 15.2 mm internal green. Internal greening (measured after slicing the root lengthwise) and external greening were phenotypically correlated in three populations, r=0.69, 0.75 and 0.76. Correlated response to selection suggested that they were also genetically correlated. Heritability was moderate (38–56%) for root shape index and was very low for the other root measurements, weight, length, and diameter. The genetic correlation of shape index with length was high and direct; with diameter, high and inverse.Cooperative investigation of the Plant Science Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, and the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Parma Branch Station. Data computations supplied by Biometrical Services, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland. 相似文献
20.
H. Zingstra 《Euphytica》1963,12(1):41-48
Since 1950 an extensive system of trials for new potato varieties has been set up in the Netherlands. The author gives a scheme of testing the potato seedlings.The potato breeders in the Netherlands start annually with ± 500 to 600,000 seedlings. In late years on average 4 new potato varieties are placed on the List of Varieties. In spite of the small chances to breed potato varieties which are better than the existing ones, at 9 large, 25 medium and some 170 small establishments breeders are engaged in improving the potato in the Netherlands. 相似文献