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1.
Lu L  Luo XG  Ji C  Liu B  Yu SX 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(3):812-822
An experiment was conducted using a total of 336 one-day-old, Arbor Acres commercial male broilers to investigate the effect of dietary Mn supplementation on carcass traits, meat quality, lipid oxidation, relative enzyme activities in abdominal fat and meat, and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA level in meat. Broilers were randomly allotted by BW to 1 of 8 replicate cages (6 chicks per cage) for each of 7 treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 2 x 3 factorial + 1 arrangement of treatments. Dietary treatments included the corn-soybean meal-based diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with 100 or 200 mg of Mn/kg as MnSO(4) x H(2)O, Mn AA A with a chelation strength of 26.3 formation quotient (8.34% Mn), or Mn AA B with a chelation strength of 45.3 formation quotient (6.48% Mn). Birds fed supplemental Mn had lower (P < 0.10) percentages of abdominal fat, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and malate dehydrogenase activities and greater (P < 0.07) hormone-sensitive lipase activities in abdominal fat than birds fed a control diet. Birds fed supplemental Mn from Mn AA A or Mn AA B had lower (P < 0.05) LPL activities in abdominal fat than those fed supplemental MnSO(4) x H(2)O. Birds fed supplemental Mn had lower (P < 0.03) malondialdehyde content in leg muscle and greater (P < 0.02) MnSOD activities and MnSOD mRNA level in breast or leg muscle than those fed the control diet. Birds fed supplemental Mn from Mn AA A had a greater (P < 0.02) MnSOD mRNA level in leg muscle than those fed supplemental MnSO(4) x H(2)O. Results from this study indicated that organic Mn was more available than inorganic Mn for decreasing LPL activity in abdominal fat of broilers, and dietary Mn might reduce abdominal adipose deposition by decreasing LPL and malate dehydrogenase activities or increasing hormone-sensitive lipase activity in abdominal adipose tissue. The results also indicated that dietary Mn upregulated muscle MnSOD gene expression pretranslationally in association with increased MnSOD activity, which might explain the decrease of malondialdehyde content in leg muscle.  相似文献   

2.
Five commercially available organic Cu products and reagent-grade CuSO4 x 5H2O (Cu Sulf) were evaluated by polarographic analysis and solubility in 0.1 M K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5), 0.2 M HCl-KCl buffer (pH 2), or deionized water. Fractions from these solubility tests were evaluated by gel filtration chromatography for structural integrity. The organic sources were Cu lysine complex (Cu Lys), Cu amino acid chelate (Cu AA), Cu proteinate A (Cu ProA), Cu proteinate B (Cu ProB), and Cu proteinate C (Cu ProC). Separation of peaks in the chromatograms for the soluble Cu fraction from deionized water indicated that 77, 31, 69, 94, and 16% of the Cu remained chelated for the above sources, respectively. Two experiments were conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of Cu from the organic Cu supplements for chicks when added at high dietary concentrations to practical corn-soybean meal diets. Liver Cu concentration increased (P < 0.0001) as dietary Cu increased in both experiments. When Cu Sulf was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, linear regression slope ratios of log10 liver Cu concentration regressed on added dietary Cu concentration gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 124 +/- 5.1, 122 +/- 5.3, and 111 +/- 6.0 for Cu Lys, Cu AA, and Cu ProC, respectively, in Exp. 1. The bioavailability estimates for Cu Lys and Cu AA were greater (P < 0.05) than that for Cu Sulf. Values in Exp. 2 were 111 +/- 7.6, 109 +/- 8.4, and 105 +/- 7.5 for Cu Lys, Cu ProA, and Cu ProB, respectively, and all sources were similar in value for chicks. Solubility of Cu in pH 2 buffer provided the best prediction of bioavailability (r2 = 0.924). Other indicators of chelation integrity and solubility had little value as predictors of bioavailability (r2 < or = 0.445).  相似文献   

3.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of manganese (Mn) from humate–Mn complex relative to Mn sulphate for the starter broilers fed a conventional corn–soya bean meal diet. A total of 560 1‐day‐old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allotted to one of eight replicate cages (10 chicks per cage) for each of seven treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with two Mn sources (humate‐Mn and Mn sulphate) and three levels of added Mn (60, 120 or 180 mg Mn/kg) plus a Mn‐unsupplemented control diet containing 27.23 mg Mn/kg by analysis. At 14 days of age, the blood, liver, heart and tibia were collected for Mn analyses, and the activity and mRNA abundance of heart manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). The results showed that humate‐Mn supplementation decreased feed intake from day 1 to day 14, whereas it did not influence (p > 0.20) body weight at day 14 as compared to Mn sulphate. The Mn source did not influence Mn concentration in the liver, heart and tibia, and the activity and mRNA abundance of heart MnSOD, while humate‐Mn decreased plasma Mn as compared to Mn sulphate. The Mn concentration in the plasma and heart, and the activity and mRNA abundance of heart MnSOD increased linearly as dietary Mn concentration increased. Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of Mn concentrations in the plasma and heart, and the activity and mRNA abundance of heart MnSOD on daily intake amount of dietary analysed Mn, the bioavailability of humate–Mn complex relative to Mn sulphate (100%) was 82.8, 90.4, 82.8 and 81.9 respectively. These results indicated that the Mn from humate‐Mn complex was just as bioavailable as the Mn from Mn sulphate for the starter broilers (day 1–14).  相似文献   

4.
Eight commercially available organic Zn products and reagent-grade ZnSO4 x 7H2O (Zn Sulf) were evaluated by polarographic analysis, and solubility in .1 M K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5), .2 M HCl-KCl buffer (pH 2), and deionized water. Fractions from these solubility tests were evaluated by gel filtration chromatography for structural integrity. Degree of chelation was generally positively related to chelation effectiveness determined by polarography. The organic sources were Zn methionine complex A (Zn MetA), Zn methionine complex B (Zn MetB), Zn polysaccharide complex (Zn Poly), Zn lysine complex (Zn Lys), Zn amino acid chelate (Zn AA), Zn proteinate A (Zn ProA), Zn proteinate B (Zn ProB), and Zn proteinate C (Zn ProC). Three experiments were conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of Zn from the organic Zn supplements for chicks and lambs when added at high dietary levels to practical diets. Bone Zn concentration increased (P < .001) as dietary Zn increased in both experiments. When Zn Sulf was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, multiple linear regression slope ratios of bone Zn from chicks fed 3 wk regressed on dietary Zn intake gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 83 +/- 14.6 and 139 +/- 16.9 for Zn AA and Zn ProA, respectively, in Exp. 1 and 94 +/- 11.6, 99 +/- 8.8, and 108 +/- 11.4 for Zn Poly, Zn ProB, and Zn ProC, respectively, in Exp. 2. In Exp. 3, 42 lambs were fed diets containing Zn Sulf, Zn ProA, Zn AA, or Zn MetB for 21 d. Based on multiple linear regression slope ratios of liver, kidney, and pancreas Zn and liver metallothionein concentrations on added dietary Zn, bioavailability estimates relative to 100% for Zn Sulf were 130, 110, and 113 for Zn ProA, Zn AA, and Zn MetB, respectively. Except for Zn ProA, which was greater, the organic Zn supplements had bioavailability values similar to that of Zn Sulf for chicks and lambs. Bioavailability of organic Zn products was inversely related to solubility of Zn in pH 5 buffer in chicks (r2 = .91) and pH 2 buffer in lambs (r2 = .91), but not to an estimate of degree of chelation.  相似文献   

5.
为评价肉仔鸡日粮中不同形态锰源的相对生物学利用率,采用2×5完全随机试验设计,选择玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(锰含量为37.66mg/kg),添加2种锰源(复合氨基酸螯合锰和硫酸锰)和5个锰添加水平(0、45、90、130、180mg/kg),构成10个日粮处理组,将540只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复18只鸡,公母各半,开展为期42d的肉仔鸡饲养试验。分别于21、42日龄时,取各组试验鸡的肝脏、肾脏及左侧胫骨,采用原子吸收分光光度计测定肝脏、肾脏组织以及胫骨的锰浓度。将各组织锰含量与日粮锰进食量进行多元线性回归方程拟合,采用斜率比法计算复合氨基酸锰相对无机硫酸锰的生物学利用率。结果表明,饲粮中添加锰可显著增加肝脏、肾脏和胫骨锰含量,尤以胫骨锰含量反映最敏感,呈明显的剂量效应(P<0.01);相比肝脏锰和肾脏锰含量,21日龄胫骨锰含量可作为评价锰利用率的有效指标;采用斜率比法估测的复合氨基酸螯合锰的相对生物学利用率要略高于饲料级硫酸锰。研究结果为有机锰添加剂在禽生产上的合理应用提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

6.
Estimation of the relative bioavailability of manganese sources for sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The relative biological availability of Mn in reagent-grade (RG) Mn sources was tested using 41 Rambouillet crossbred wether lambs in a completely randomized design. Lambs were fed a basal corn-soybean meal-cottonseed hull diet (37.6 ppm Mn, DM basis) or this basal diet supplemented with 0, 1,500, 3,000 or 4,500 ppm Mn from RG MnSO4.H20 or 3,000 ppm Mn from RG MnO, MnO2 and MnCO3. Feed intake was restricted to 1,000 g/hd daily during the 21-d experimental period. There was a decrease (P less than .01) in daily feed intake by sheep fed 4,500 ppm Mn from MnSO4. Liver, kidney and bone Mn concentrations increased (P less than .05) with MnSO4 supplementation. Liver was most responsive to dietary Mn, followed by kidney and bone. Based on multiple linear regression slopes for liver, kidney and bone Mn concentrations, relative bioavailability of Mn from MnO, MnO2 and MnCO3 averaged 57.7, 32.9 and 27.8%, compared with 100% for MnSO4.  相似文献   

7.
为研究不同锰源与锰水平对肉仔鸡的生产性能与组织矿物元素沉积的影响,试验采用2×5完全随机试验设计,在玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(锰含量为37.66mg/kg)中添加0、45、90、130、180mg/kg(5个锰添加水平)的复合氨基酸锰和硫酸锰(2种锰源),构成10个日粮处理组,将540只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10个处理组,开展肉仔鸡饲养试验(共42d)。于35日龄时测定其生产性能指标,计算料肉比;于42日龄时测定其胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、铁、锌浓度以及胫骨灰分、钙及磷含量。结果表明,在上述日粮中,锰添加量在45~130mg/kg时,无论是添加复合氨基酸锰组还是添加硫酸锰组35日龄肉仔鸡体重和采食量较未添加组差异显著(P≤0.05),经分析,锰水平对其平均体重及采食量有极显著影响(P<0.01);不同锰源的35日龄肉仔鸡体重、采食量、料肉比差异不显著(P >0.05)。42日龄肉仔鸡胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、锌、铁含量及胫骨灰分、钙磷含量未受锰源和锰水平及两者互作的显著影响(P >0.05)。由以上结果可以得出,锰水平对肉仔鸡生长性能有极显著影响(P<0.01);锰源对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P >0.05);锰源和锰水平及两者互作对肉仔鸡组织矿物元素沉积无显著影响(P >0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
Three hundred sixteen crossbred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of supplemental manganese source and dietary inclusion level during the growing-finishing period on performance and pork carcass characteristics. All pigs were blocked by weight, and treatments were assigned randomly to pens within blocks. In Exp. 1, a total of 20 pens (five pigs/pen) was randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments consisting of control grower and finisher diets, or control diets supplemented with either 350 or 700 ppm (as-fed basis) Mn either from MnSO4 or a Mn AA complex (MnAA). In Exp. 2, a total of 36 pens (six pigs per pen) was assigned randomly to one of six dietary treatments formulated with 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320 ppm (as-fed basis) Mn from MnAA. Pigs were slaughtered when the lightest block averaged 120.0 kg (Exp. 1) or at a mean BW of 106.8 kg (Exp. 2). Neither ADG nor ADFI was affected (P > 0.21) by Mn source or high inclusion level (Exp. 1); however, across the entire feeding trial, pigs consuming 320 ppm Mn from MnAA were more (P < 0.04) efficient than pigs fed diets formulated with 20 to 160 ppm Mn from MnAA (Exp. 2). Color scores did not differ (P > 0.79) at the low inclusion (20 to 320 ppm Mn) levels used in Exp. 2; however, in Exp. 1, the LM from pigs fed Mn tended to receive higher (P = 0.10) American color scores than that of pigs fed the control diet, and Japanese color scores were higher for the LM from pigs fed diets containing 350 ppm Mn from MnAA than 350 Mn from ppm MnSO4 or 700 ppm Mn from MnAA (source x inclusion level; P = 0.04; Exp. 2). Chops of pigs fed 350 ppm Mn from MnAA were darker than the LM of pigs fed 350 ppm Mn from MnSO4, and 700 ppm Mn from MnAA diets (source x inclusion level; P = 0.03; Exp. 1), but L* values were not (P = 0.76) affected by lower MnAA inclusion levels (Exp. 2). Even though the LM tended to became redder as dietary MnAA inclusion level increased from 20 to 320 ppm Mn (linear effect; P < 0.10), a* values were not (P = 0.71) altered by including 350 or 700 ppm Mn (Exp. 1). Chops of pigs fed MnAA had lower cooking losses (P = 0.01) and shear force values (P = 0.07) after 2 d of aging than did chops from pigs fed diets formulated with MnSO4. Results from these experiments indicate that feeding 320 to 350 ppm Mn from MnAA during the growing-finishing period may enhance pork quality without adversely affecting pig performance or carcass composition.  相似文献   

9.
饲粮中锰(Mn)的缺乏与过量对肉仔鸡性能的长期影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
用1日龄AA肉用雏鸡120只(公母各半),分成3组,分别喂以含Mn 16ppm(缺Mn组)的玉米-豆饼型基础饲粮和含Mn 120ppm(对照组)及2840 ppm(Mn过量组)的补Mn饲粮8周。结果表明,与对照组比较,实用饲粮Mn缺乏降低鸡的体增重(P>0.05)和跖骨灰、肝、胰、心、脾、胆汁(P<0.01)及肌肉(P>0.05)中的Mn含量与心组织含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性(P<0.01),显著提高腿病发生率和心含CuZn超氧化歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)有增加趋势(P>0.05);Mn过量降低鸡采食量和体增重(P<0.01),提高上述组织和胆汁中的Mn含量(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)也有增加趋势(P>0.05),而对腿病发生率与心MnSOD及CuZnSOD活性无进一步影响(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
This study investigated the effects of supplementation of various sources of Met and Lys on nutrient digestion, N utilization, and duodenal AA flows in growing goats. Four 4-mo-old Liuyang Black wether goats were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment and were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) control + lipid-coated Met-Zn chelate and Lys-Mn chelate (PML), (3) control + Met-Zn chelate and Lys-Mn chelate (CML), and (4) control + dl-Met, l-Lys-HCl, ZnSO(4).7H(2)O, and MnSO(4).H(2)O (FML). Compared with control, PML reduced (P < 0.05) ruminal NH(3) concentration, urinary N excretion, and plasma urea N concentration and increased (P < 0.05) the activity of ruminal endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase and beta-glucosidase, the duodenal flow of N, N retention (g/d as well as % of absorbed N), the duodenal flows of Met, Lys, His, Val, and total essential AA, and plasma concentrations of Lys, Val, Phe, and total essential AA. Supplementing Zn-Met and Mn-Lys chelates had similar (P > 0.05) but lesser effects on these measures compared with PML, and the effects on most of the measures were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) when compared with control. Supplementing free-form Met and Lys had no effects compared with control (P > 0.05). The results indicate that lipid coating and chelating of AA provide a protection, and to a lesser extent by only chelating, of the AA from microbial degradation in the rumen and possibly has effects on rumen fermentation, which increases MP supply. This technology could improve productive performance and be of potential benefit to ruminant production if cost-effective products are developed.  相似文献   

11.
本试验旨在研究断奶仔猪对甘氨酸锰和复合氨基酸锰(有机锰源)相对无机硫酸锰的生物学利用率。采用3×2两因子完全随机设计,将224头体况良好、体重相近(9.67±0.13)kg三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪分成7个处理组,每个处理4个重复。对照组饲喂不额外添加锰的基础日粮(锰含量为39.22 mg/kg),试验组在对照组的基础上分别以无机硫酸锰、甘氨酸锰和复合氨基酸锰的形式添加20、40 mg/kg。预饲期7 d,正饲期28 d。结果表明,锰源及锰源与锰水平的互作对断奶仔猪的生产性能、血清锰含量、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活性及肾脏、心脏、胰脏锰含量均无显著影响(P>0.05),但肝脏和跖骨锰含量受锰源及锰水平的影响显著(P<0.05),根据肝脏锰和跖骨锰含量与日粮锰进食量之间拟合的多元线性回归,运用斜率比率法,计算甘氨酸锰和复合氨基酸锰相对无机硫酸锰(100%)的生物学利用率分别是125.95%,112.79%和133.08%,119.25%,表明断奶仔猪对甘氨酸锰和复合氨基酸锰的生物学利用率显著高于无机硫酸锰(P<0.05),但有机锰源间无显著差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of organic Mn (Mn-Gly and Mn-AA) relative to inorganic source (MnSO4·H2O) in weaned piglets.A total of two hundreds and twenty-four post-weaning piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with (9.67±0.13)kg body weight were randomly allotted to seven treatments (eight piglets per replicate).3×2 two factors completely random design was used with two levels of added Mn (20, 40 mg/kg) and three Mn sources (Mn-Gly, Mn-AA and Mn sulfate), and a control group with no added Mn was included.The experimental phase was 35 days, including 7 days adaption.The results showed that the growth performance, Mn-SOD activity, Mn content in serum, heart, kidney and pancreas were not significantly affected by Mn sources or Mn sources×Mn levels interaction (P>0.05).However, the liver and bone Mn contents were significantly affected by Mn source and Mn level (P<0.05).Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regression between Mn contents in liver and metatarsal bone and dietary supplemental Mn intake, the relative bioavailabilities of Mn-Gly and Mn-AA were 125.95% and 112.79% for liver Mn content and 133.08% and 119.25% for metatarsal bone Mn content compared to 100% of Mn sulfate, respectively, indicating that the bioavailabilities of Mn-Gly and Mn-AA were significantly higher than Mn sulfate (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between Mn-Gly and Mn-AA (P>0.10).  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of CP level in corn- and soybean meal-based diets on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA. Six pigs (initial BW, 47.1 ± 1.0 kg) fitted with T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed 6 diets for 6 periods in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The 6 diets consisted of a nitrogen-free diet and 5 corn- and soybean meal-based diets that contained CP of 68, 105, 141, 177, and 214 g/kg. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period and 2 d of ileal digesta collection for 10 h on each of d 6 and 7. The ratio of corn:soybean meal was fixed at 3 to 2 by weight and cornstarch was added to dilute the CP concentration. Chromic oxide was added at 5 g/kg as an indigestible marker. The results showed basal endogenous loss ranged from 65 mg/kg of DMI for Met to 3,104 mg/kg of DMI for Pro. Proline and Gly (1,053 mg/kg of DMI) were the 2 most abundant AA in endogenous flow and together accounted for approximately 43% of the total endogenous AA flow. Of the basal ileal endogenous CP, total AA accounted for 82%. The AID were 80.9 to 84.7%, 85.1 to 87.4%, 72.9 to 79.5%, and 86.5 to 87.9% for Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, respectively, with corresponding SID being 86.6 to 89.0%, 87.5 to 90.5%, 82.7 to 88.2%, and 90.2 to 94.6%, respectively, as dietary CP increased from 68 to 214 g/kg. There were linear increases in AID of N, Arg, Gly, Ile, Lys, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Val (P ≤ 0.05) as CP increased and linear decreases in SID of N and all AA measured in this study except Lys, Met, and Pro (P ≤ 0.05). Both linear and quadratic effects were observed in AID for Pro (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the protein content of corn-soybean meal diets evaluated in the current study affected SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA, excluding Lys, Met, and Pro.  相似文献   

14.
Crossbred barrows and gilts (n = 168) were used to test the effects of supplemental Mn during the growing-finishing period on performance, pork carcass characteristics, and pork quality during 7 d of retail display. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted within blocks to pens (5 pigs/pen in blocks 1, 2, 5, and 6, and 4 pigs/pen in blocks 3 and 4). A total of 36 pens was randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments, where the basal diets were formulated with (PC) or without (NC) Mn in the mineral premix, and supplemented with 0 or 350 ppm (as-fed basis) of Mn from MnSO4 or a Mn-AA complex (AvMn). Pigs were slaughtered at a commercial pork packing plant when the lightest block of pigs averaged 113.6 kg. During fabrication, boneless pork loins were collected and transported to Oklahoma State University, where 2.5-cm-thick LM chops were packaged in a modified atmosphere (80% O2 and 20% CO2) and subsequently placed in display cases (2 to 4 degrees C) under continuous fluorescent lighting (1,600 lx) for 7 d. Pig performance was not (P > or = 0.44) affected by supplemental Mn; however, during the grower-II phase, pigs fed the basal diets including Mn consumed less (P < 0.02) feed and tended to be more efficient (P < 0.09) than pigs fed the basal diets devoid of Mn. Throughout the entire feeding trial, neither dietary nor supplemental Mn altered (P > or = 0.22) ADG, ADFI, or G:F. Chops from pigs fed the diets supplemented with MnSO4 received greater (P < or = 0.05) lean color scores and had a redder (greater a* and hue angle values), more vivid color than chops from pigs fed the diets supplemented with AvMn. Additionally, LM chops from pigs fed the PC diets supplemented with MnSO4 were darker (lower L* values; P < 0.05) than chops from pigs fed the NC diets or PC diets supplemented with 0 or 350 ppm of AvMn. Even though discoloration scores were similar during the first 4 d of display, chops from pigs fed the PC diets supplemented with MnSO4 were less (P < 0.05) discolored on d 6 and 7 of retail display than chops from pigs fed the PC or NC diets and diets supplemented with AvMn (dietary treatment x display time, P = 0.04). Results of this study indicate that feeding an additional 350 ppm of Mn from MnSO4 above the maintenance requirements of growing-finishing pigs does not beneficially affect live pig performance but may improve pork color and delay discoloration of pork during retail display.  相似文献   

15.
用1日龄Arbor Acres雏鸡180只(公母各半),分成6组,分别喂以含Mn18ppm的玉米—豆饼基础饲粮和含Mn50、90、130、280和2840ppm的添加Mn饲粮28天,研究饲粮不同Mn水平对肉仔鸡生长、腿病发生率、某些血浆生化指标与免疫参数的影响。随饲粮Mn水平的提高,鸡体增重在90ppm时增至最大(P>0.05),然后到2840ppm时降至最低(P<0.05),采食量有类似趋势(P<0.05或0.01),饲料效率无明显变化(P>0.05);腿病发生率由基础饲组的56.7％逐渐降低到130ppm以上的10％左右;血浆葡萄糖浓度和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性分别在280ppm和2840ppm时增至最大(P<0.01),血浆总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白浓度和血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)活性未受到显著影响(P>0.05);胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏重量及血清H.I.抗体滴度无明显变化(P>0.05);肝、胰和跖骨灰Mn浓度线性上升(P<0.05或0.01),其中以跖骨灰Mn反应最敏感。  相似文献   

16.
试验将240只1日龄AA肉公鸡,按体重随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂基础饲粮和添加100mg/kg和200mg/kg硫酸锰(MnSO4)和氨基酸锰(MnAA)的饲粮42d。结果表明:添加100mg/kg锰显著降低4～6周耗料增重比(F/G)(P0.06);添加100mg/kg和200mg/kg锰显著增加肝脏锰含量(P0.001),同时有提高腿肌率,降低腹脂率的趋势(P0.10);添加100mg/kg MnAA血清总蛋白(TP)显著高于添加100mg/kg MnSO4(P0.09),而添加100mg/kg Mn AA和MnSO4组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性分别较对照组高35.7%和21.0%。表明添加100mg/kg锰可降低肉鸡生长后期F/G和提高肝脏锰含量,但是2种锰源间差异不显著;但Mn添加100mg/kg Mn AA比MnSO4可能更有效地促进肉鸡体内蛋白质的合成代谢。  相似文献   

17.
We evaluated the effects of different supplemental energy sources on Met use in growing steers. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were used in two 6 x 6 Latin squares, and data were pooled for analyses. In Exp. 1, steers (148 kg) were fed 2.3 kg of DM/d of a diet based on soybean hulls. Treatments (2 x 3 factorial) were abomasal infusion of 0 or 3 g of l-Met/d, and supplementation with no energy or with glucose (360 g/d) or fat (150 g/d) continuously infused into the abomasum. In Exp. 2, steers (190 kg) received 2.6 kg of dietary DM/d and were provided (2 x 3 factorial) with 0 or 3 g of l-Met/d, and with no supplemental energy or with acetate (385 g/d) or propionate (270 g/ d) continuously infused into the rumen. In both experiments, the energy sources supplied 1.3 Mcal of GE/d, and all steers received basal infusions of 400 g of acetate/d into the rumen and a mixture (125 g/d) of all essential AA except Met into the abomasum. Nitrogen balance (18.8 vs. 23.5 g/d; P < 0.01) and whole-body protein synthesis (2.1 vs. 2.3 kg/d; P < 0.07) were increased by Met supplementation, indicating that protein deposition was limited by Met. Supplemental energy reduced (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion and increased (P < 0.01) N retention without differences among energy sources. Increases in N retention in response to Met were numerically greater when energy was supplemented. Efficiency of supplemental Met use was 11% when no energy was supplemented but averaged 21% when 1.3 Mcal of GE/d was provided. Whole-body protein synthesis and degradation were not affected by energy supplementation. Serum insulin concentrations were increased by glucose and propionate supplementation. Serum IGF-I concentrations were increased by supplementation with Met or glucogenic sources of energy. In growing steers, N retention was increased by energy supplementation even though protein deposition was limited by Met, suggesting that energy supplementation improves the efficiency of AA use. These responses were independent of the source of energy.  相似文献   

18.
Although AA requirements for the mean of a population of growing pigs have been established using traditional methods, there are no estimates of the variability within the population and whether this variation differs among AA. With the increased use of supplemental Lys in pig diets, there will be an increased need to supplement Met, commonly the second or third limiting AA in corn-soybean diets. The indicator AA oxidation method allows repeated measurements in a short period of time so that the AA requirement can be determined for individual pigs at a similar physiological stage. The objective of this study was to determine the mean Met requirement in individual gilts and to estimate the related variability. Six individually housed female pigs (initial BW = 8.8 kg, SD 1.5) each received diets providing 6 levels of dl-Met. The isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets contained 0.187, 0.250, 0.290, 0.320, 0.350, and 0.377% Met (analyzed, as-fed basis). Cysteine (0.48%) and Lys (1.44%) concentrations were similar for all diets. Pigs were adapted for 6 d to the basal corn-soybean meal diet (0.187% Met), which was offered at 95 g/kg(0.75) of BW to ensure complete consumption of the test diets. During 4-h oxidation studies, 313.4 kBq, (SD 35.6) of L-[1-(14)C]Phe was mixed with each of 8 half-hourly meals, and expired CO(2) was collected. The breakpoint in Phe oxidation, representing the Met requirement, and its variability, was determined using 2-phase linear regression. Phenylalanine oxidation decreased as the Met content increased from 0.187 to 0.29%. Phenylalanine oxidation was not different (P > 0.2) for diets ranging from 0.320 to 0.377% Met. The dietary Met requirement varied from 0.320 to 0.373% for individual pigs. The mean Met requirement for individual pigs was determined to be 0.340% of diet (SD = 0.024%, CV= 7.1%), with 0.340, 0.364, and 0.388% covering the requirement of 50, 66, and 95% of the population, respectively. The present mean population estimate was similar to the recommended dietary Met concentration of 0.325% for pigs of this BW and feed intake. To maximize profitability, Met levels in starter pig diets should be determined, depending on the cost of crystalline Met and the fraction of the population whose requirement is to be met.  相似文献   

19.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Mn on performance of growing and finishing steers, and to evaluate the effect of pharmacological concentrations of Mn on lipid metabolism and subsequent carcass quality in steers. One hundred twenty Angus cross steers were blocked by BW and origin and assigned randomly to one of six treatments (four replicate pens per treatment) providing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, 120, or 240 mg of supplemental Mn/kg of DM from MnSO4. Steers were fed a corn silage-based growing diet for 84 d, and then switched to a corn-based finishing diet for an average of 112 d. The control growing diet analyzed 29 mg of Mn/kg of DM, whereas the control finishing diet analyzed 8 mg of Mn/kg of DM. Jugular blood samples were obtained on d 56 of the growing and finishing phase for plasma Mn and glucose analysis. Final BW, DMI, ADG, and G:F did not differ (P = 0.38 to P = 0.98) across treatments during growing and finishing phases. Plasma Mn concentrations were not affected by treatment; however, liver and LM Mn at slaughter increased linearly (P = 0.02 and 0.002, respectively) with increasing dietary Mn. Plasma glucose concentrations did not differ (P = 0.90) among treatments. Serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations tended (P = 0.10) to decrease linearly with increasing dietary Mn on d 56 of the finishing phase. Longissimus muscle lipid concentration was affected quadratically (P = 0.08) by dietary Mn. Muscle lipid seemed to increase slightly when steers were fed 30 or 120 mg of Mn/kg of DM, but decreased with the addition of 240 mg of Mn/kg of DM. Carcass characteristics were not affected by dietary Mn. Manganese concentrations of 29 and 8 mg/kg of DM in the growing and finishing diets, respectively, were adequate for maximizing performance of growing and finishing steers in this experiment. Supplementing physiological or pharmacological concentrations of Mn affected lipid metabolism; however, this did not result in altered carcass characteristics.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of dietary methionine (Met) levels on endogenous N and amino acids (AA) flows at different part of the digestive tract of growing goats was determined using a 15N isotope dilution technique. Three goats (25 ± 2.5 kg) were fitted with the ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae and allocated to three dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary treatments consisted of a total mixed ration containing three levels of Met (0.15%, 0.25% and 0.35%) respectively. It was found that at 0.15% Met level, the lowest flow in endogenous N and total AA at the duodenum and ileum occurred. The endogenous N secretion contributed to 26% and 23% of the duodenal and ileal total N flows, respectively, and the proportions were not affected by the dietary Met levels. The duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous total AA were 11.1, 11.8, 11.3 g/d and 2.9, 3.9, 4.1 g/d respectively. The average real digestibility of N was 65%, 87% and 95% in the forestomach, intestine and whole digestive tract respectively.  相似文献   

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