Forest governance is under reorganisation in many European countries, because of the changes in property and forest tenure rights. Portuguese community-based forestry is an interesting research subject from a New Institutional Economics perspective. Community forests (an important part of community lands known as baldios) cover half a million hectares in the north and the centre of the country and are owned by local communities. Their average size of over 400 hectares and diversity of resources underscore their value, and their management contributes to rural development. Recent laws intend for the complete transfer of their tenure rights to communities and local authorities. In this study, we analysed the transformational processes of Portuguese community-based forestry. To structure this analysis and shed light on forest management-related problems, we followed the 'four-level institutional analysis' developed by Williamson. Particular attention was paid to the first three levels. The first concerned social practice and informal rules. We are describing the history of baldios, their use by rural populations, and the subsequent occupation by the State for afforestation. The second level addressed the institutional environment and formal rules. Here, we focused on the recognition of baldio community properties and their legal framework development. The third level addressed management and the interaction of actors in transaction cost savings. Here, we examined the current community-based management models and future trends. In our analysis, we identified the causes underlying baldio management problems at different levels, which highlight the importance of new governance models and economic activities. The analysis showed that overall, the Portuguese community forest governance is a flexible structure capable of adapting to political and demographic changes and offering valuable support for the development of rural areas in the north and centre of the country. Additional empirical research is needed to improve knowledge on the impact of institutions on the management of community forests, both nationally and internationally.
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1.
村社林业是指在一个具体的村社或农村生态系统内，以农户为主题，旨在解决农户自由生存和发展所需的林业活动，是林业发展的重要组成部分。高黎贡山西坡大塘村农户在社区森林资源管理方面做了有益的尝试，多形式，多内容的林业经营管理活动使该村社区森林资源得到了合理的利用和保护，为周围村提供了有益的经验。 相似文献
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村社林业活动与自然保护区森林资源管理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
村社林业是指在一个具体的村社或农村生态系统内 ,以农户为主题 ,旨在解决农户自身生存和发展所需的林业活动 ,是林业发展的重要组成部分。高黎贡山东坡百花岭村农户在社区与保护方面做了有益的尝试 ,多形式、多内容的林业经营管理活动促进了社区林业的发展与自然保护区森林资源和生物多样性保护 ,为周围村社提供了有益的经验。文中以高黎贡山东坡百花岭村所开展的各项村社林业活动为例 ,叙述了农村社区林业活动的公众参与对高黎贡山森林资源的有效管理与周围农村经济持续发展的作用和意义 相似文献
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高黎贡山自然保护区森林资源丰富,动植物种类繁多,其物种多样性的丰富程度为国内外罕见。由于周边社区集体森林破坏严重,使保护区受到周围村社的"蚕食",给高黎贡山的森林资源管理和生物多样性保护工作带来了巨大的压力。在对村社集体林地的管理与高黎贡山生物多样性保护相关性论述的基础上,提出加强对乡村集体森林的管理,发展社区林业,实行"以林养林",即以发展集体林来保护国有林、保护区,使社区林业的发展既为当地农户提供日常生产、生活和经济发展所需要的非木材林产品、薪材及木材,又为保护区构筑一道以集体林为主的绿色屏障,以实现自然保护区森林资源管理、生物多样性保护和周围农村经济的协调发展。 相似文献
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高黎贡山生物多样性保护与社区林业发展的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高黎贡山自然保护区森林资源丰富,动植物种类繁多,其物种多样性的丰富程度为国内外罕见。由于周边社区集体森林破坏严重,使保护区受到周围村社的“蚕食”,给高黎贡山的森林资源管理和生物多样性保护工作带来了巨大的压力。在对村社集体林地的管理与高黎贡山生物多样性保护相关性论述的基础上,提出加强对乡村集体森林的管理,发展社区林业,实行“以林养林”,即以发展集体林来保护国有林、保护区,使社区林业的发展既为当地农户提供日常生产、生活和经济发展所需的非木材林产品、薪材及木材,又为保护区构筑一道以集体林为主的绿色屏障,以实现自然保护区森林资源管理、生物多样性保护和周围农村经济的协调发展。 相似文献
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浅议高黎贡山自然保护区西坡社区对森林资源的依赖性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
高黎贡山自然保护区西坡社区对森林资源存在着严重依赖性，表现在采薪、盗伐、放牧、采集非木质林产品等，从而造成对森林资源的破坏。在此基础上提出了完善管理体系，加强法制；发展社区经济，实行社区共管等5条保护森林资源与社区发展的思路。 相似文献
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文章根据中国村社林业40年来的发展情况,尤其是十一届三中全会以来的发展情况,概括地从村社林业与社区经济发展、村社林业与环境、村社林业的组织形式以及一系列林业政策法规的颁布执行对村社林业发展的促进等几个方面对我国村社林业进行了比较系统的总结。 相似文献
7.
加强森林资源保护实现林业可持续发展徐学锋森林资源是林业经济建设的基础，是关系到国家和人类生态平衡、环境保护的重要物质保证，加强对森林资源的保护、开放、利用，改善生态环境。以市场为导向，发展林业生产力，实施林业可持续发展战略，成为发展林业经济、加快林区... 相似文献
8.
参与式方法在环境意识教育中的实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
环境意识教育活动是保护区周边社区管理计划重要的基础工作之一。通过在保护区周边社区开展环境意识教育活动，以期达到提高社区群众／各利益群体保护生态环境、森林资源和生物多样性的意识和参与意识。云南省林业学校在保护区周边社区开展环境意识教育活动中应用了参与式工作方法。 相似文献
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启文河是广西田林县县城工业、农业生产及居民生活用水主要水源，河流源头森林资源保护的好坏程度，将对全县社会、经济的发展起着举足轻重的作用。田林县2002年以来实施了启文河源头林业生态建设，为进一步了解河流源头森林资源的保护情况，笔者对区域内的农户进行了调研，现提出几点粗浅看法，以供探讨。 相似文献
11.
乡村林业的发展及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
乡村林业(或称社会林业) 是发展中国家发展林业的一种重要模式.文章介绍了一些发展中国家在施行乡村林业方面所做的努力及取得的成效.中国发展乡村林业历史悠久, 文章通过介绍几种典型的乡村林业模式, 论述了中国乡村林业的发展概况.作者认为, 中国的乡村林业实践已取得了丰富的经验, 在中国推行乡村林业前景广阔. 相似文献
12.
LI Weichang DENG HuafengResearch Institute of Forestry Policy Information. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Beijing . China eiiine Forestrv Universuty. Beiiine . China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2003,(4)
Application of participatory approaches in governmental forestry projects is a bran-new forestry design method. The purpose is to plan the utilization of land correctly, and to determine planting sites, planting species, participating households and management models, based on the projects' requirements and the farmers' demands. Participatory approaches are now practiced in some of the counties in Land Conversion Project. The paper presents the significance and necessity of practicing community mechanism and participatory approach in governmental forestry projects. The author consider that in case the participatory approach of community forestry is widely applied in the governmental forestry projects and activities, the enthusiasm of rural communities and farmers to plant and to protect forest will be inspired, and it is an undoubted drive to sustainable utilization of forest resources. The author also discusses the possibility of applying participatory approaches in the planning stage of Land Conversio 相似文献
13.
以广东省珠三角地区中山市三乡、南区和五桂山为调查点,采用召开社区村民会议、绘制社区土地资源利用图和横断面图等方法,调查了乡村林业发展、制度变迁与林权改革的现状。并对村民的参与性在林权改革中的地位和作用进行了分析,提出珠江三角洲地区的林权改革存在的问题与推进改革的政策建议。 相似文献
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高黎贡山自然保护区生物多样性受威胁因素及可持续发展对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对高黎贡山国家级自然保护区生物多样性现状和受威胁因素进行分析,认为过度采集非木质林产品,牲畜放牧,林下种植草果等经济作物,偷捕盗猎野生动物,盗伐林木等因素威胁着保护区生物多样性。提出规范管理采集活动,严格管理林下种植草果和放牧活动,木材替代及节能改造,种植特色作物,养殖特色动物,开展农村实用致富技术培训,开展科研监测,建立生物走廊带,开展国际交流合作等措施以促进生物多样性保护与保护区可持续发展。 相似文献
16.
This study attempts to identify and associate the perceivedforest and rural quality of life values that people hold inrural areas in order to form a basis for improving forest managementdecision-making. The perceived forest and rural values of twodistinct local stakeholder goups are summarized from a surveyundertaken in the rural community of Konitsa. The empiricalevidence suggests that the respondents associate quality ofrural life mainly with the attractiveness of nature and landscapeas well as a sense of community life. In particular, multi-purposeforestry remains not only an issue within the scientific communityand forest policymakers but also is espoused widely by the localcommunity. The analysis identified certain value preferencepatterns between contemporary rural values and major forestvalues; it acknowledged forests as an integrative part of people'sinteraction with the living conditions in Konitsa. The natureof these preference patterns shows that there may be opportunitiesfor enhancing forest contributions to rural development whichevolve from a purely productive-based practice into a styleof forestry to improve environmental public goods, strengthencommunity stability, create amenity forests, and enhance thequality of life in the broader sense. Local forest decision-makersshould consider not only the socio-economic environment or thedynamic of the area but also the perceived standard of livingin the area. The study observed the dissonance between currentforest practices and local expectations. It implies that anintegrated and ecosystem-based forest strategy should be adoptedto evaluate more accurately the contributions of forestry tolocal demands and rural well-being, be open and democratic andlay claim to involvement at the local level. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):596-607
Abstract The development of non-wood forest products and services has been put forward as a means for business diversification and development of rural areas. However, the well-documented male dominance in traditional family farm forestry (FFF) is considered to restrain women's involvement in forestry activities, and thus hamper new enterprising businesses. Given the gender structure in traditional forestry, it is hypothesised that women are more likely to engage in less traditional activities than men. Through a cluster analysis of data from the Swedish Farmers Association's member survey, typical combinations of forest-related business activities were identified. The representation of women and men as operational managers within each activity was assessed. Results show that traditional forestry is the main task for both male and female FFF owners, however, women engage more often than men in service-oriented business activities. The main conclusion is that the prevailing pattern on the labour market, with women predominately within service and care professions, seems to be reproduced within FFF businesses. The results are further discussed in relation to owner types and possible impact on FFF restructuring and rural development. 相似文献
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Skulska Iryna Montiel-Molina Cristina Germano Adelaide Castro Rego Francisco 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(4):913-930
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