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为探究入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda与本地害虫禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi同时存在时,异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾的防控效果,本研究开展了异色瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应、捕食选择性试验。结果表明,异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾、禾谷缢管蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型方程,其日捕食量随物密度的增加而增加,搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而逐渐降低;异色瓢虫成虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的控害效能分别为221.88头和343.01头,其4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的控害效能分别为140.88头和210.93头。异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾和禾谷缢管蚜具有较好的控害能力,其成虫对两种害虫的防控效果优于其4龄幼虫,且异色瓢虫对禾谷缢管蚜的捕食选择性强于草地贪夜蛾。 相似文献
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为明确华北小麦穗期主要蚜虫种类及其生态位, 为京津冀地区小麦蚜虫预测预报和科学防控提供技术支持，采用五点式和棋盘式取样法系统调查了河北廊坊小麦穗期不同蚜虫种类的种群动态及其在植株上的分布, 利用生态位理论, 计算荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi)、禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)和麦无网长管蚜Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) 3种优势蚜虫的生态位宽度和重叠度。禾谷缢管蚜的时空生态位最宽, 其次为荻草谷网蚜和麦无网长管蚜, 其中禾谷缢管蚜的生态位宽度随时间推移呈上升趋势, 其他两种蚜虫呈下降趋势。不同蚜虫种类之间存在生态位重叠, 其中荻草谷网蚜与禾谷缢管蚜的重叠度最大, 为2.073 0, 荻草谷网蚜与麦无网长管蚜的重叠度最低, 为1.656 4; 随时间推移, 荻草谷网蚜与禾谷缢管蚜之间的竞争趋于增强, 禾谷缢管蚜与麦无网长管蚜之间的竞争趋于减弱, 而荻草谷网蚜与麦无网长管蚜的竞争关系相对稳定。荻草谷网蚜是当地小麦蚜虫主要优势种群, 禾谷缢管蚜时空生态位宽度最大, 与荻草谷网蚜竞争激烈, 麦无网长管蚜时空生态位相对稳定。 相似文献
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七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜控制作用的模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用二次回归旋转组合设计方法研究了七星瓢虫成虫、幼虫与两种麦蚜共存系统中瓢虫对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的捕食量模型。结果表明七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜的捕食量随着瓢虫密度的增加而减少．随着该种麦蚜密度的增加而增加．且七星瓢虫无选择性。七星瓢虫不同个体间的干扰作用对其捕食麦长管蚜数量有显著影响,两种麦蚜数交互作用对七星瓢虫捕食禾谷缢管蚜数量影响显著。该模型可用来预测田间蚜虫的变化．指导麦田蚜虫防治。 相似文献
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异色瓢虫在河北南部区域有多个变种,其成虫及高龄幼虫是多种蚜虫的重要天敌之一。2022—2023年普查发现8个变种。通过比较异色瓢虫成虫对当地8种主要蚜虫的取食喜好性,发现其对禾谷缢管蚜、大豆蚜、萝卜蚜、槐蚜表现出明显偏好,平均日捕食量比柳蚜、桃蚜高45.93%～61.54%。根据异色瓢虫捕食特点及当地主要蚜虫种类,选取3、4龄幼虫捕食大豆蚜、萝卜蚜、禾谷缢管蚜,并用Holling II型圆盘方程建立了功能反应模型,结果表明3龄幼虫对上述3种蚜虫理论最大日捕食量分别为86.5、89.9、123.8头,4龄幼虫捕食量分别为197.4、214.9、209.3头。研究结果可为生产上生物防控蚜虫提供参考。 相似文献
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核桃全斑蚜是近年来新发现的一种核桃树上的新害虫,为明确异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜的控害潜能,室内研究了不同龄期异色瓢虫对不同密度核桃全斑蚜的捕食能力。结果表明：不同龄期异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling-Ⅱ型圆盘方程。异色瓢虫各龄幼虫及成虫对核桃全斑蚜的日最大理论捕食量由大到小依次为4龄幼虫、雌成虫、雄成虫、3龄幼虫、2龄幼虫和1龄幼虫; 4龄幼虫对核桃全斑蚜的瞬间攻击率最强,处理时间最短。异色瓢虫的寻找效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低,4龄幼虫寻找效应最强。即异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜具有较强的捕食能力。 相似文献
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异色瓢虫对胡萝卜微管蚜防治潜能评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确异色瓢虫对胡萝卜微管蚜的防治效果潜能,本试验以芹菜为寄主植物,研究了异色瓢虫4龄幼虫对胡萝卜微管蚜捕食功能反应和不同益害比的控害效果.结果表明胡萝卜微管蚜密度为40、80、120(头)时,异色瓢虫的捕食量成增大趋势且各组之间有显著性差异,当胡萝卜微管蚜的密度为160、200、240(头)时瓢虫的捕食量各组间无显著性差异.4龄异色瓢虫幼虫的取食量受胡萝卜微管蚜密度影响显著,且捕食功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型反应模型.4龄异色瓢虫幼虫的瞬时攻击率a'为1.1862,取食1头胡萝卜微管蚜所需时间(即处置时间Th)为0.004,4龄异色瓢虫幼虫对胡萝卜微管蚜的最大捕食量为210.9头,瓢虫对蚜虫的搜索效应S=1+0.00474 N.益害比试验中得出4龄异色瓢虫幼虫对胡萝卜微管蚜捕食量符合二次回归方程,二次回归方程显示当胡萝卜微管蚜密度均为500时,随着异色瓢虫数量的增加,其捕食量成先增大后减少趋势,根据公式其最大捕食量为186.26,最佳益害比例为1∶83.本试验对利用异色瓢虫防治胡萝卜微管蚜具有一定的指导意义,以期为无公害芹菜种植提供有效的生物防治对策. 相似文献
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异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对雪松长足大蚜Cinara cedri的捕食能力,采用捕食功能反应方法在室内测定了异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的捕食功能反应、寻找效应、种内干扰效应及环境温度对其捕食能力的影响。结果显示:异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜若蚜的捕食功能反应类型均属于Holling II型,成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食能力强于幼虫,幼虫的捕食能力随虫龄的增大而增强,1～4龄幼虫及成虫的日最大捕食量分别是11.41、41.32、61.73、140.85、188.68头;异色瓢虫1～4龄幼虫及成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而下降,二者之间呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9758～0.9993,其中2龄幼虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度的增加,下降趋势最大,成虫则下降趋势最小;异色瓢虫成虫的捕食受到较强的种内干扰,在猎物密度和捕食空间一定的情况下,单头日平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而降低,二者间关系符合模型A=58.8391x~(-0.3313);异色瓢虫的捕食受环境温度影响明显,在15～35℃范围内,其成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食量先增加后减少,25℃是异色瓢虫最适宜的捕食温度。表明异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜有很强的捕食能力,尤其是成虫和高龄幼虫,但应用时还需考虑温度因素的影响。 相似文献
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异色瓢虫、七星瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫在5 min内的移动距离分别为137.14、109.1 cm和9.1 cm,前两者在相同时间内的移动距离均显著高于后者;异色瓢虫和七星瓢虫在不同猎物密度下对飞蓬指管蚜的日捕食量均显著高于龟纹瓢虫;异色瓢虫、七星瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫对飞蓬指管蚜的捕食上限分别为157.21、120.52头和81.66头。3种瓢虫对飞蓬指管蚜捕食功能均符合HollingⅡ型功能反应模型;3种瓢虫捕食飞蓬指管蚜的寻找效应与飞蓬指管蚜密度呈线形相关,随飞蓬指管蚜密度增加,3种瓢虫的寻找效应均降低。 相似文献
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四种杀虫剂对桃蚜和异色瓢虫的选择毒性及 害虫生物防治与化学防治的协调性评价 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
测定了吡虫啉、鱼藤酮、阿维菌素和印楝素4种杀虫剂对桃蚜及其捕食性天敌异色瓢虫成虫的相对毒力。4种药剂对桃蚜的毒力大小依次为阿维菌素＞吡虫啉＞鱼藤酮＞印楝素,其LC50分别为0.042、1.96、6.54和10.17 mg/L。对异色瓢虫的LC50则分别为1009.42、201.89、8202.90和大于7500 mg/L,益害毒性比分别为24033.81、103.01、1254.27和大于786.63。4种药剂在有效防治桃蚜的前提下对天敌异色瓢虫的安全性依次为阿维菌素＞鱼藤酮＞印楝素＞吡虫啉。阿维菌素、吡虫啉、印楝素和鱼藤酮这4种药剂均可在蚜虫综合治理中发挥有效的作用。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Population dynamics of Padi avenae (PAV), Macrosiphum avenae (MAV), and Rhopalosiphum padi (RPV) virus serotypes of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and of their main aphid vectors were studied in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields for three successive years in western France. An epidemiological model of the spread of viruses in the field was developed based on vector populations as forcing variables and the population dynamics of each virus serotype. This model accurately simulated the kinetics of the epidemic for PAV serotypes, which are the most common ones. For RPV and to some extent for MAV, the results were less satisfactory. The occurrence and spread of PAV and MAV serotypes in the field was clearly and easily related to that of their main vector species. Conversely, the spread of RPV serotypes showed no consistent relationships with the dynamics of their vectors. Incidence of PAV in 1989 to 1990 and 1990 to 1991 showed a bimodal distribution, with maximums in fall (December) and spring (May) that were linked to fall infestations by R. padi and spring infestations by three (R. padi, Sitobion avenae, and Metopolophium dirhodum) or two (S. avenae and M. dirhodum) aphid species. In 1991 to 1992, the PAV infection curve was monomodal and mainly due to a primary spread of the virus by very large populations of alate R. padi. MAV incidence was low in fall and winter and reached a maximum in spring 1990 and 1991 related to the occurrence of S. avenae and M. dirhodum. RPV incidence was low every year, despite the abundance of its vector, R. padi. Mixed infections were more frequent than expected by chance and were assumed to be partly related to heterologous encapsidation. The occurrence of each serotype is discussed in relation to the time of crop infection and possible damage. 相似文献
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茉莉酸诱导小麦幼苗对麦蚜取食行为的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
茉莉酸可诱导小麦品种郑州891的防御反应，使麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(F.)和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi(L.)的取食行为发生明显改变。尽管此两种蚜虫在正常的小麦相干株上取食的EPG各波型参数出现的次数及历时变化较大，但经茉莉酸诱导后，都再现了NP波次数和历时显著增加、E1与E2波历时明显缩短、首次出现E1波时间显著延长以及口针在细胞间穿刺频率明显升高等变化。这说明茉莉酸诱导后，郑州891的取食适合度降低，其机理与茉莉酸诱导产生挥发性的蚜虫取食拒避剂及诱导维管液营养成份的改变有关。试验还证实；麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的嗅觉和味觉感受器在其对寄主植物适合度的鉴别中共同起作用；植物适合度不能仅由1－2个EPG波形参数作为指示因子，要视具体情况全面分析，才能得出可靠的结论。 相似文献
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主要次生物质对麦蚜的抗性阈值及交互作用 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
用麦蚜全纯人工饲料加不同浓度次生物质的薄膜饲养技术,研究了8种次生物质对麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)及禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)生长、发育及若蚜增重等生命参数的影响和4种次生物质对麦长管蚜的复合作用。结果表明,除芸香苷外其余几种次生物质具不同程度的抗蚜性,统计分析得到不同次生物质抗蚜阈值。单宁与总酚对麦长管蚜有明显增效作用,单宁与门布存在一定的增效作用,总酚与丁布有一定的拮抗作用。单宁酸、总酚、香豆素和单宁酸、儿茶素、香豆素、门布分别是抗麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的次生物质。 相似文献
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Aphid feeding in cereals results in both quantitative and qualitative yield losses; moreover aphid-transmitted viruses are responsible for other quantitative and qualitative damage so that direct or indirect effects of aphid infection are always of interest. At the beginning of stem elongation, wheat plants were caged regardless of the presence or absence of indigenous cereal aphids. Half of the caged plants were artificially infected with Diuraphis noxia. The number of D noxia and Rhopalosiphum padi individuals on plants destined for flour preparation was approximately 150 aphids per tiller at peak population. The number of Sitobion avenae individuals was ca 25 aphids per tiller. Bread-making quality of wheat flour is determined primarily by the protein content, the gluten proteins (gliadins, glutenins) being the prime factors. The absolute amounts and/or the relative proportion of gliadins and glutenins are very important in dough making and in determining baking quality. Flour from grains originating from plants infected naturally with cereal aphids indigenous to Hungary, and flour infected artificially with D noxia, were analysed for glutenin and gliadin content using size exclusion HPLC. It was found that aphid infection had a significant effect on the gliadin/glutenin ratio, which was significantly lower in wheat flour prepared from aphid-infected plants than in that from uninfected control. The most significant decrease in gliadin/glutenin ratio was caused by D noxia infection, followed by R padi and then S avenae. As the gliadin/glutenin ratio was significantly lower in flour made from aphid-infected wheat seeds, it can be supposed that aphid feeding results in decreased bread making quality of wheat flour. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Aphis glycines Matsumura, an invasive insect pest in North American soybeans, is fed upon by a key biological control agent, Harmonia axyridis Pallas. Although biological control is preferentially relied upon to suppress insect pests in organic agriculture, approved insecticides, such as neem, are periodically utilized to reduce damaging pest populations. The authors evaluated direct spray treatments of two neem formulations, azadirachtin and neem seed oil, under controlled conditions for effects on survivorship, development time and fecundity in A. glycines and H. axyridis. RESULTS: Both azadirachtin and neem seed oil significantly increased aphid nymphal mortality (80 and 77% respectively) while significantly increasing development time of those surviving to adulthood. First-instar H. axyridis survival to adulthood was also significantly reduced by both neem formulations, while only azadirachtin reduced third-instar survivorship. Azadirachtin increased H. axyridis development time to adult when applied to both instars, while neem oil only increased time to adult when applied to first instar. Neither neem formulation affected the fecundity of either insect. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed within the context of future laboratory and field studies aimed at clarifying if neem-derived insecticides can be effectively integrated with biological control for soybean aphid management in organic soybeans. 相似文献
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Transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus by cereal aphids collected from different habitats on cereal farms 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Cereal aphids were collected from cereal crops, from Poa annua within cereal fields, from Lolium perenne pastures and from wild grasses in hedge bottoms and around farm buildings. The frequency of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) transmission was assessed by aphid transmission tests. There were differences in transmission rates between aphid species, between host species and between years. The transmission rates of Rhopalosiphum padi from the different host species were broadly similar whereas for Sitobion avenae, P. annua within cereal fields was significantly better than the other host species. Wild grasses other than P. annua were relatively poor sources of virus. A large percentage of aphids frequently transmitted more than one strain, suggesting that host plants are often infected with more than one BYDV strain. 相似文献