共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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基于RS与GIS的定西市安定区土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用1993年和2005年两期的遥感影像数据,在GIS软件支持下,计算了定西市安定区的植被覆盖度和土地利用类型;利用栅格数字高程模型DEM,计算安定区的地表坡度,最终对安定区的土壤侵蚀进行分级.定量分析了定西市安定区的土地利用及土壤侵蚀的时空动态特征,研究结果表明:12年来林草地、建设用地、水域面积增加,其中林草地和建... 相似文献
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地表能量分配是土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)调控气候的关键过程.以吉林省1990年、2000年、2005年和2010年四期土地覆被数据为基础,利用SiB2分析过去20年LUCC对地表能量分配的影响.结果表明:1)地表能量分配各分量与土地利用类型有良好的空间对应关系,森林获得的净辐射、显热和潜热较多,农田和草地的净辐射、显热和潜热通量较小;2)LUCC过程中,叶面积指数是净辐射的重要影响因素,冠层导度主要调节潜热分配;3)吉林省土地利用变化以“森林和草地转换为农田”过程为主,造成年均净辐射降低了0.22W m-2,潜热增加了0.56W m-2,显热减小了0.83W m-2,且均存在季节变化特征. 相似文献
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文中利用2012年长时间序列MODIS地表温度产品,以于田绿洲为例进行干旱区地表昼夜温差时间和空间变化特征的研究。结合MODIS土地利用数据,进一步分析了不同土地利用类型下地表昼夜温差的长时序变化特征。结果显示:研究区绿洲地表昼夜温差在0-40℃之间,其年均值小于25℃,而对于地表昼夜温差范围在0-60℃荒漠区其年均值大于25℃;并且绿洲-荒漠交错带呈现出明显的锯齿状效应。不同土地利用类型的地表昼夜温差值的大小依次是未利用土地、林地、草地、耕地及建设用地。尽管土地利用类型对地表昼夜温差有较大影响,但是其时间序列变化特征并未受到土地利用类型的明显影响;不同土地利用类型具有相似的地表昼夜温差时序特征。相比于Terra卫星,Aqua卫星观测数据能够更好的反映地表昼夜温差的变化特征。 相似文献
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基于项目驱动的藉河流域土地利用时空变化动态分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据1997年、2001年和2005年三期TM影像资料,运用遥感非监督分类的方法提取土地利用信息.利用地理信息系统空间分析和数据统计的方法,分析藉河流域1997～2005年间土地利用数量变化和空间变化特征,研究该地区主要土地利用类型数量变化、空间变化以及在不同坡度的动态变化特征.结果表明:耕地、林地和草地三种主要土地利用类型占该研究区土地利用面积的97%以上,是该研究区主要的土地利用类型.以1997年为基数,到2001年和2005年耕地减少幅度分别为1.2%和11.1%,因此 1997～2001年的退耕程度小于2001～2005年;在不同坡度上,土地利用变化主要发生在5°～40°,而且在15°～25°之间变化最大. 相似文献
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近40a西部城市群土地利用结构时空动态演化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着社会经济的快速发展以及城镇化进程的不断加快,土地利用类型的显著变化往往会引发区域内景观格局演变、生态平衡破坏及生态风险.以西部四个城市群为研究对象,基于遥感影像数据运用EN-VI5.3和ArcGIS10.7软件定量分析了1980-2018年期间土地利用变化的空间特征及演变历程.结果 表明:1)在1980-2018年... 相似文献
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毋兆鹏 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(2):191-197
应用遥感和GIS技术及数理统计学方法,以博尔塔拉河、精河流域平原型绿洲为研究区域,利用1990年、2000年和2005年的遥感数据,分析了20世纪90年代以来的16 a间,干旱区典型绿洲土地利用的变化过程和趋势.结果表明:①研究区绿洲土地利用变化突出表现为耕地面积稳步增加,未利用地快速减少,有林地前十年为减势,后五年为... 相似文献
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中国北方农牧交错带土地利用变化及预测分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
中国北方农牧交错带是我国重要的生态脆弱区和生态屏障,土地利用变化迅速。文中基于遥感数据探讨了20年来北方农牧交错带的土地利用变化;基于2008年的土地利用现状并运用CA-Markov模型,模拟了未来10年（2018）后的土地利用变化情况。结果表明：近20年随着耕地比例下降、林地比例升高,农牧交错带土地利用结构比例趋于合... 相似文献
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以1987与2005年TM卫星影像解译数据、同时期土地利用数据及统计资料为依据,分析了包头市达茂旗土地退化与土地利用类型之间的关系,认为人为不合理的利用是土地退化的主要原因;根据土地退化的成因,提出了退化土地生态恢复重建的对策与措施。 相似文献
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SEBS模型在塔克拉玛干沙漠地区地表能量通量估算中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用SEBS(Surface Energy Balance System)模型,对塔克拉玛干沙漠及周边地区的地表能量通量进行模拟估算。通过修正适合于塔克拉玛干沙漠地表的参数化方案,结合该地区的MODIS遥感数据,将同期同化气象资料输入模型中,模拟出该地区的地表净辐射、地表土壤热通量、感热通量和潜热通量的空间分布。与塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站的实测数据对比,得出:1)SEBS模型在塔克拉玛干沙漠地区具有适用性;2)模型反演的沙漠腹地净辐射约为350W/m~2,感热通量在200W/m~2左右,潜热通量在±20W/m~2之间,其结果均与塔中站实测资料吻合较好。因此利用参数修正后的SEBS模型估计塔克拉玛干沙漠地区能量平衡各分量具有一定精度,可满足区域地表能量通量的计算要求。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Selected isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Bacillus subtilis reduced the size and number of lesions on wounded apples caused by the postharvest pathogens Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Pezicula malicorticis. Combinations of the antagonistic microorganisms were applied to apple trees in the field late in the growing season of two consecutive years. The population dynamics of the introduced microorganisms and the incidence of fruit decay were determined. Population sizes of introduced antagonists on apple surfaces increased in the field following application of treatments until harvest. After transfer of the fruit from the field into cold storage, the populations of the introduced antagonists remained higher than in the control treatments. Identification of the applied isolates of A. pullulans and R. glutinis during the experiments was achieved by isolate-specific DNA probes generated from random amplified polymorphic DNA. A combination of two strains of A. pullulans and one strain of R. glutinis suppressed rotting of apple to the same extent as the commonly used fungicide Euparen. Our data demonstrate that the application of antagonistic microorganisms in the field represents a promising alternative to fungicide treatments to control post-harvest diseases of apple. 相似文献
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Dionisio G. Alvindia Takao Kobayashi Keiko T. Natsuaki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):257-260
The fungal population in the air and on developing fruit on a nonchemical banana farm in the Philippines was estimated from
January 1998 to December 2001 to follow the source, determine the origin, and establish the population dynamics of various
fungi associated with postharvest diseases of banana. Forty fungal genera were found in the air on a nonchemical banana farm
and 26 were found on developing fruit. Spore density in the air and on the surface of developing fruit varied with seasonal
patterns. Fungi of various species were detected on the farm and on developing banana fruit, but it has not been established
as to when a specific fungus arrived at the farm and on the fruit. The results suggest that the source and origin of fungi
associated with postharvest diseases of banana fruit in Japan imported from the Philippines were the farm itself, and the
fungal association with banana fruit began at flower emergence. 相似文献
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黄河三角洲处于海陆交错带,开展地表水化学特征及其影响因素研究,对于认识水化学演化和水体保护具有重要意义。2015年对主要地表水进行样品采集、现场测试和室内分析。结论如下:水体均为碱性,地表水化学空间变异明显,黄河水到近海水体表现为从淡水-微咸水-咸水-卤水的过渡;对照地表水环境质量标准,超标参数为总磷、硝态氮、氯离子和硫酸盐。综合多元统计、Gibbs图及离子关系分析,得出水化学成分主要受自然因素影响,其次为人类活动因素。前者包括水岩相互作用(碳酸盐、方解石和盐岩的溶解)、蒸发结晶和海水入侵混合作用;后者包括生活污水、采油、炼化废水因素以及氨氮硝化作用,导致有机物及氮磷含量升高,需对后者的污染引起足够的重视。 相似文献
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Life in desert ecosystems drives animals to adapt their surface locomotor activity according to environmental conditions. In this study, the hourly and monthly variations in the surface activity patterns of the terrestrial crustacean Hemilepistus reaumurii were investigated. The surface activity of H. reaumurii at the population scale was observed by collecting the hourly active individuals from the sunrise to the sunset of the studied day in each month of 2013 in the Bchachma locality, Tunisia. The collected active individuals were put in perspex boxes(on which we labeled the hourly time interval in which the individuals were collected) in the field and then transported to the laboratory for analysis. Individuals were counted, sexed, and measured in the laboratory. Despite desert conditions in the studied site, H. reaumurii was characterized by a diurnal surface activity, showing a bimodal pattern during the warm months(i.e., May to October). However, it exhibited a unimodal surface activity pattern in the cold months(i.e., February, March, and November). The surface activity was significantly correlated with sunrise and sunset. Moreover, a significant quadratic effect of temperature on the surface activity of H. reaumurii was observed. Furthermore, the study showed that the most important surface activity was recorded in March. The daily exploitation of the temporal niches was significantly different as a function of months. The body size of males was larger than that of females, and the body size of active individuals changed with months. All these behavioural changes in the surface activity represent an adaptive strategy of life in the arid environment. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Variations in soil properties with depth influence retention and degradation of pesticides. Understanding how soil properties within a profile affect pesticide retention and degradation will result in more accurate prediction by simulation models of pesticide fate and potential groundwater contamination. Metolachlor is more persistent than other acetanilide herbicides in the soil environment and has the potential to leach into groundwater. Reasonably, information is needed about the dissipation and eventual fate of metolachlor in subsoils. The objectives were to evaluate the adsorption and desorption characteristics and to determine the dissipation rates of metolachlor in both surface and subsurface soil samples. RESULTS: Adsorption of metolachlor was greater in the high‐organic‐matter surface soil than in subsoils. Lower adsorption distribution coefficient (Kads) values with increasing depth indicated less adsorption at lower depths and greater leaching potential of metolachlor after passage through the surface horizon. Desorption of metolachlor showed hysteresis, indicated by the higher adsorption slope (1/nads) compared with the desorption slope (1/ndes). Soils that adsorbed more metolachlor also desorbed less metolachlor. Metolachlor dissipation rates generally decreased with increasing soil depth. The first‐order dissipation rate was highest at the 0–50 cm depth (0.140 week?1) and lowest at the 350–425 cm depth (0.005 week?1). Degradation of the herbicide was significantly correlated with microbial activity in soils. CONCLUSION: Metolachlor that has escaped degradation or binding to organic matter at the soil surface might leach into the subsurface soil where it will dissipate slowly and be subject to transport to groundwater. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献