共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
近年来通过审定的棉花品种数量多、抗性强、品质优,为了了解新品种的特征特性和适应性,作者收集了一些已通过省级以上审定或区试中表现突出的品种进行比较试验,以筛选适应黄梅地区气候、土壤条件、栽培技术的品种,为黄梅县的棉花生产在选用品种方面提供一些参考依据。1试验品种 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Potato production expanded more rapidly in Africa than in any other region of the world in recent years. This paper examines that phenomenon by focusing on the evolution of potato production, utilization, and trade in East and Central Africa. Based on an analysis of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations annual secondary data over nearly the last 50 years complemented by a review of the literature, the findings note that the long-term upward trends in production and area harvested contrast with the sharp decline in the growth rates for output, area, and yields over the last decade. In recent years, output grew rapidly in some countries and declined in others. Emerging markets include fresh potatoes as well as French fries and crisps for the growing number of urban consumers and improved quality seed. The paper concludes with a series of policy recommendations aimed at catalyzing improvements in productivity and marketing as well as capitalizing on opportunities for industry. 相似文献
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TANGJian 《中国水稻研究通报》1995,3(1):8-10
In recent years ,it has been demonstrated that the low-level jet streams (LLJs) developed in the south of the Meiyu(Baiu) front play a critical role in the overseas migrations of the planthoppers into Japan and Korea. However, the involement of the LLJs during the process of sequential displacements of rice planthoppers in China has not been clarified yet. In the present studies, the synoptic meteorological factors including LLJs associated with the 相似文献
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WUYanyu WANGXin 《中国水稻研究通报》1999,7(1):9-9
Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As are typical pollutants originated from Pb-Zn mine, smelting waste water discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China. We studied the compound pollution of Cd, Pb,Cu, Zn, and As on rice. 相似文献
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Over the last few decades,waterlogging stress has increasingly threatened global cotton production.Waterlogging results in reduced soil oxygen,impairing the growth and development of this valuable crop and often resulting in severe yield loss or crop failure.However,as cotton has an indeterminate growth habit,it is able to adapt to waterlogging stress by activating three mechanisms:the escape,quiescence,and self-regulating compensation mechanisms.The escape mechanism includes accelerated growth,formation of adventitious roots,and production of aerenchyma.The quiescence mechanism involves reduced biomass accumulation and energy dissipation via physiological,biochemical,and molecular events.The self-regulation compensation mechanism allows plants to exploit their indeterminate growth habit and compensatory growth ability by accelerating growth and development following relief from waterlogging stress.We review how the growth and development of cotton is impaired by waterlogging,focusing on the three strategies associated with tolerance and adaptation to the stress.We discuss agronomic measures and prospects for mitigating the adverse effects of waterlogging stress. 相似文献
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Jaw-shu Hsieh Yue-ie Caroline Hsing Tze-fu Hsu Paul Jen-kuei Li Kuang-ti Li Cheng-hwa Tsang 《Rice》2011,4(3-4):178-183
Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples are thought to be related to ancestral Austronesian-speaking peoples. Currently, Taiwan has 14 officially acknowledged aboriginal tribes. The major crops currently farmed in aboriginal areas are rice (Oryza sativa) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Archeologists recently excavated the remains of several early cultures in Taiwan. The most plentiful plant remains were carbonated rice and foxtail millet grains. The earliest 14C date of these excavation sites is ～5,000 bp. These settlements may be those of the earliest ancestral Austronesian speakers in Taiwan. Rice domestication is a complex story. In this study, we identified the functional nucleotide polymorphisms of 16 domestication-related genes using 60 landraces collected from aboriginal Taiwanese villages about 100 years ago. We also screened the phenotypes of these landraces. By integrating pheno- and genotypic data, together with data from archeologists and linguists, we may be able to better understand the history of rice cultivation in Taiwan and nearby areas. 相似文献
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J. Eckardt C. Öhgren A. Alp S. Ekman A. Åström G. Chen J. Swenson D. Johansson M. Langton 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
The objective of this study was to determine effect of storage time, storage temperature and addition of fibre on sensory quality, state of water, microstructure and texture of bread and dough. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2004,39(2):151-165
Much has been written over many decades about the structure and properties of starch. As technology develops, the capacity to understand in more depth the structure of starch granules and how this complex organisation controls functionality develops in parallel. This review puts the current state of knowledge about starch structure in perspective and integrates aspects of starch composition, interactions, architecture and functionality. 相似文献
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Leilson de Oliveira Ribeiro Ana Carolina Sérgio Almeida Carlos Wanderlei Piler de Carvalho Renata Galhardo Borguini José Carlos Sá Ferreira Suely Pereira Freitas Virgínia Martins da Matta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(3):222-227
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of processing steps on bioactive compounds and physicochemical and rheological characteristics of a juçara, banana and strawberry smoothie. The product was obtained by mixing the pulps of these fruits in previously defined proportions. The mixture was standardized in a pilot disintegrator, homogenized at 60 MPa in continuous mode and pasteurized at 90 °C for 35 s. The homogenization step increased the concentration of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, major anthocyanins in the smoothie. However, these anthocyanins, as well as perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, have been reduced (p<0.05) after the pasteurization step. The pasteurization also affected the instrumental color of the smoothie, expressed by Hue angle (p<0.05). Regarding to the rheological behavior, the smoothie, in all processing steps, presented a non-Newtonian fluid behavior with pseudoplastic characteristics (n<1). After homogenization, the smoothie became more fluid and homogeneous. Thus, despite the negative impact of pasteurization on the smoothie’s color, the pasteurized product preserves the bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids that are of great importance to human health. Furthermore, the development of this product contributes to add value to the juçara agro-chain and Atlantic Forest preservation. 相似文献
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Keshav R. Adhikari Khem R. Dahal Zueng-Sang Chen Yih-Chi Tan Jihn-Sung Lai 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(4):699-710
Maintenance of organic carbon in soil (SOC) is critically important for sustained agricultural productivity and environmental quality. This paper presents SOC resulting from differences in tillage types and demonstrates how mulch and nitrogen (N) application can mediate the tillage functions on SOC and crop productivities. The results are derived from a 4-year field-scale study carried out in a low-land under sub-tropical hot and humid environment of Nepal. It compared eight treatment combinations, viz., tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage), mulch (no-mulch and 12 Mg ha?1 year?1 of mulch), and N application (recommended versus leaf color chart method) under rice–wheat cropping system. Seasonal grain and biomass yields of these crops were recorded and at the end of the 4-year study, quantified the organic carbon stock of soil; Within 15 cm of surface soil, SOC stock (Mg C ha?1) was statistically (p < 0.05) higher on no-tillage plots (11.2–11.8) than on conventional tillage plots (9.2–10.5). The treatment effect was more pronounced on winter wheat productivity where conventional tillage combined with straw-mulch exceled the performance of no-tillage. Clearly, no-tillage had the environmental benefit, and conventional tillage had the crop productivity benefit. 相似文献
12.
《中国水稻研究通报》2002,(Z1)
The lodicules expand rapidly when the rice florets are opening, and the filaments elongate and the stigmas extend and bend. All these growing movements are caused by the cell elongation or expansion after water absorption. The lodicules, filaments, and stigma will wither after flowering, but the cause of the withering remains unknown. In some wild abortive male sterile lines, the closing of florets 相似文献
13.
This paper presents the synthesis of metal complex acid dyes obtained from the reaction of o,o′-dihydroxyazo dyes and chromium and cobalt sulfate. The 1H-NMR, FT-IR and UV/Visible Spectrophotometer, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and ICP (Ion Chromatography) of the intermediates
and the metal complexes were studied and compared. Their properties such as dyeing, fastness and toxicity on nylon were also
assessed according to standard methods. 相似文献
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The different gluten subunits, gliadins, LMW glutenins, and HMW glutenins have been reported to play different key roles in different type of wheat products. This paper studied the interaction between gliadin, LMW and HMW glutenins in soft, hard and durum semolina flour doughs during different stages of mixing. In order to see how do the gluten subunits (gliadin, LMW glutenin and HMW glutenin) redistribute during mixing, dough samples were taken at maximum strength and 10 min after maximum strength. The doughs have been mixed with the same level of added water (55%), therefore they all have different strengths values due to their changes in proteins content. Oscillatory rheological measurements were performed on the doughs. It has been found that HMW glutenins are relatively immobile because of their less molecular mobility and do no redistribute themselves especially at high strength for doughs such as hard wheat flour. LMW glutenins and gliadins on the other hand redistribute themselves at even at high dough strengths forming a more stable network. In weaker doughs such as soft wheat, the breakdown of the three proteins subunits is responsible for the decay in dough strength. We have also visualized how the greater amount of LMW glutenins in semolina is in constant interaction with HMW glutenins and gliadins allowing the dough to maintain a stable strength for an extended mixing time. Finally, we have found the ‘in situ’ detection and quantitative analysis techniques to be more sensitive to the changes occurring in the gluten network of the dough than the oscillatory rheological analysis. 相似文献
16.
Thompson H. O. Önning G. Holmgren K. Strandler H. S. Hultberg M. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):236-242
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - As diets change in response to ethical, environmental, and health concerns surrounding meat consumption, fermentation has potential to improve the taste and... 相似文献
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Ranga Rao Ambati Phang Siew Moi Sarada Ravi Ravishankar Gokare Aswathanarayana 《Marine drugs》2014,12(1):128-152
There is currently much interest in biological active compounds derived from natural resources, especially compounds that can efficiently act on molecular targets, which are involved in various diseases. Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-β, β′-carotene-4,4′-dione) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, contained in Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, Chlorococcum, and Phaffia rhodozyma. It accumulates up to 3.8% on the dry weight basis in H. pluvialis. Our recent published data on astaxanthin extraction, analysis, stability studies, and its biological activities results were added to this review paper. Based on our results and current literature, astaxanthin showed potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models. These studies emphasize the influence of astaxanthin and its beneficial effects on the metabolism in animals and humans. Bioavailability of astaxanthin in animals was enhanced after feeding Haematococcus biomass as a source of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin, used as a nutritional supplement, antioxidant and anticancer agent, prevents diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, and also stimulates immunization. Astaxanthin products are used for commercial applications in the dosage forms as tablets, capsules, syrups, oils, soft gels, creams, biomass and granulated powders. Astaxanthin patent applications are available in food, feed and nutraceutical applications. The current review provides up-to-date information on astaxanthin sources, extraction, analysis, stability, biological activities, health benefits and special attention paid to its commercial applications. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):177-192
SUMMARY Food insecurity and malnutrition continue to be the most daunting development challenges in most developing countries. Increases in the productivity of cereal grain crops have helped many developing countries achieve self-sufficiency in meeting the energy requirements, but malnutrition still exist. Agroforestry–growing useful tree crops with annual crops–could provide a solution to food security micronutrient malnutrition. The paper develops a conceptual framework for identifying pathways of how agroforestry systems can contribute to nutrition security and its potential as a food-based nutrition intervention. Furthermore, a theoretical framework for studying the interactions of agroforestry and nutrition security is developed. Finally, policy implications and research needs are identified. 相似文献