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1.
木霉对烟草黑胫病菌的拮抗机制 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
采用平板对峙法、水解酶平板活性测定、圆孔滤液法与游动孢子萌发检测、挥发性抑菌物检测等方法探讨木霉生防菌株对烟草疫霉Phytophthora nicotianae Brada de Hann的拮抗作用机制。结果表明,TR13、TR14、TR17对烟草疫霉有竞争、重寄生和抗生作用,但不同木霉菌株对烟草疫霉的拮抗作用有所不同,TR13、TR14的竞争作用较强;水解酶平板活性测定表明,3个木霉菌株均产生β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶,两种酶均参与烟草疫霉细胞壁的消解,以TR13与TR14酶的活性较高;3个菌株均产生非挥发性抗生素抑制烟草疫霉菌孢子萌发,但对疫霉菌菌丝的生长影响不大;TR13、TR14几乎不产生挥发性抗生素,TR17则产生挥发性抗生素,明显抑制疫霉菌生长。 相似文献
2.
辣椒疫霉产毒缺陷与抗药性突变体筛选及其遗传特性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用MNNG诱变与自交（S1－S3）纯合的方法,从辣椒疫霉的游动孢子群体中,筛选出1株带有抗霜脲氰标记的产毒缺陷突变体、2株抗甲霜灵的产毒突变体。产毒缺陷菌体和产毒菌株均对茄门甜椒致病,但产毒缺陷菌株的致病力降低一半,证明辣椒疫霉的致病显症过程与毒素作用有关,病菌毒素是重要的致病因子。此外,突变菌株的抗药性和产毒缺陷表型在无性游动孢子后代和有性孵孢子后代群体中均可稳定遗传。在姐妹配对F2代卵孢子群体中,辣椒疫霉毒素产生和对甲霜灵的抗性为不完全显性基因所控制,而对霜脲氰的抗性为完全显性基因所控制。 相似文献
3.
为了解短密木霉Trichoderma brevicompactum对植物病害的生防作用及其生物学特性,利用稀释平板分离法从甘肃省景泰县马铃薯连作田植株根际土壤中分离获得1株木霉菌株GAS1-1,经形态观察、rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列分析明确其分类地位;用生物学方法研究该菌的营养生长和产孢条件;采用对峙培养法测定该菌株对5种植物病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明,基于形态学特征和基因序列分析结果,菌株GAS1-1被鉴定为短密木霉Trichoderma brevicompactum,为甘肃省木霉新记录种。该菌株对玉米镰孢茎腐病菌Fusarium graminearum、玉米穗腐病菌F. verticillioides、棉花枯萎病菌F. oxysporum、玉米腐霉茎腐病菌Pythium inflatum和灰葡萄孢霉Botrytis cinerea均具有较好的拮抗效果,尤其对玉米腐霉茎腐病菌的抑制作用最好,抑菌率达100.00%。该菌株营养生长和产孢的最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和酵母膏;其在15～35℃均可生长,菌丝最适生长温度为30℃,最佳产孢温度为25℃;在pH 5～12的培养基上菌丝均可生长,菌丝最适生长和产孢的pH均为5;24 h黑暗条件下菌丝营养生长最快,12 h光暗交替条件有利于产孢;孢子致死温度为69℃,10 min。表明短密木霉菌株GAS1-1具有较好的生防应用潜力。 相似文献
4.
人参锈腐病是人参的主要病害,应用生物防治技术对人参质量安全保证和人参的可持续种植具有重要意义。通过离体对峙拮抗筛选试验,从种植人参土壤和其他土壤中分离获得的107株木霉菌中筛选出了5株拮抗效果较好的菌株。应用这些筛选到的菌株的厚垣孢子处理人参苗床,人参的出苗率不受影响。播种后1年,5株木霉处理病情指数都在10以下,对照达到40.69,差异极显著,5株木霉防治效果都在75%以上,木霉菌株间防效差异不显著。播种后2年,5株木霉处理病情指数在13左右,对照达到46.84,差异极显著,5株木霉防治效果在67%以上,木霉菌株间防效差异不显著。 相似文献
5.
木霉Tr-92菌株厚垣孢子发酵条件的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用单因素试验、正交试验方法对木霉Tr-92厚垣孢子发酵培养基及培养条件进行优化,筛选获得了适合此菌株厚垣孢子产生的最佳培养基组成为:草炭2.5%,玉米浆4.5%,葡萄糖2%,酵母膏0.5%;最佳培养条件为:接种量3%,装液量75mL/250mL,转速为180r/min,初始pH 5.0,温度28℃,培养时间7d。在此培养条件下,木霉Tr-92菌株厚垣孢子产量达到3.01×108个/mL。与优化前相比,厚垣孢子产量增长130.80%。通过培养条件优化确定了适合木霉Tr-92菌株产生厚垣孢子的条件,为高效木霉厚垣孢子生防菌剂的研制奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
不同发酵条件对木霉产孢类型的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
木霉T2 3固体发酵以产生分生孢子为主。液体发酵可以通过控制培养条件来生产不同类型的孢子。马铃薯葡萄糖培养液、马铃薯蔗糖培养液等可作为生产厚垣孢子的培养基 ;木霉T2 3的孢子类型和产孢速度受温度影响。在适于木霉生长的温度范围内 ,2 4℃以下产生厚垣孢子 ,最大产孢量为 1 0 6× 1 0 8个 /ml。 2 8℃以上形成分生孢子 ;30℃时产孢量最大 ,为 1 99×1 0 8个 /ml,温度越高产孢速度越快。初始pH值低易产生厚垣孢子 ,pH值高易产生分生孢子。适当降低液体发酵的供氧量 ,有利于厚垣孢子的形成 相似文献
7.
《中国生物防治学报》2010,(Z1)
本文研究了哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum T1、深绿木霉T.atroviride T3、康氏木霉T.koningii T4和3株绿色木霉T.viride T2、T5和T6对人参锈腐病的室内拮抗作用和田间防治效果。对峙培养结果显示,6个木霉菌株对人参锈腐菌Cylindrocarpon destructans均具有较好的抑制作用,其中T1抑制效果最好,菌落生长抑制率为73.02%。田间试验结果显示,施用木霉菌后人参锈腐病的病情指数显著降低(P0.01),其中T1对人参锈腐病的防效最好,达到44.08%。施用木霉菌后人参产量与对照相比有所增加,但未达到显著水平(P=0.39)。 相似文献
8.
前期试验中发现芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)WL1和WL2等6株细菌的菌液对致病疫霉菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,且其中WL1、WL2和M15菌株无菌体发酵液对致病疫霉的抑制作用也较强。为深入了解其抑制作用,以筛选出对马铃薯晚疫病更具生防潜力的菌株,本试验比较了这6株菌株的菌液和其中3株菌株的发酵液对致病疫霉游动孢子释放、游动孢子萌发和孢子囊直接萌发的抑制效果以及菌液在马铃薯离体叶片上病害的预防效果。结果显示,对游动孢子释放、游动孢子萌发和孢子囊直接萌发的抑制作用以WL2菌株最强,在最低菌液浓度(1×10~4 cfu/m L)下,病菌萌发率及释放率均在36%以下,显著低于对照(47%以上);菌液处理不同时间后,对游动孢子释放、游动孢子萌发和孢子囊直接萌发的综合抑制作用仍以WL2菌株最强,处理18 h后其抑制强度保持不变,其次是M15菌株,对孢子释放和游动孢子萌发的抑制作用也不随处理时间延长而明显下降;发酵液抑制不同时间后,也以WL2的抑制作用最强,抑制游动孢子释放、游动孢子萌发和孢子囊直接萌发所需时间仅为1.0~1.5 h,而WL1和M15则需处理2.0 h或2.5 h以上。预防效果也显示,经WL2菌液处理后的马铃薯离体叶片病情指数最低(14.4),相对保护率达到81.2%。 相似文献
9.
通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定了1株杀线木霉D5菌株的种类,并评价了其孢子悬浮液和发酵液对禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae 2龄幼虫的毒杀活性。结果表明,木霉D5菌株为绿色木霉Trichoderma viride(ITS序列登录号：OL661629;TEF序列登录号：ON241311)。浓度为1.0×107 cfu/mL的D5菌株孢子悬浮液和发酵液原液处理2龄幼虫72 h后,线虫死亡率分别为85.20%和86.57%。在温度为20～80℃范围内以及pH为2～10时,发酵液均具有较高杀线活性。 相似文献
10.
木霉对草坪褐斑病的拮抗效果及耐药性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过木霉属5菌株与大连高尔夫球场上草坪褐斑病菌的对峙培养试验,研究结果表明:哈茨木霉Thar1菌株、哈茨木霉Thar2菌株、深绿木霉Tat菌株、钩状木霉Tha菌株及桔绿木霉Tci菌株对病原菌的抑制率为:66%、73%、71%、77%、55%,而相对抑菌效果分别为2.06、3.94、2.35、3.54、2.27,可以作为草坪褐斑病菌的生防菌加以利用。在这5株木霉中以哈茨木霉Thar2对草坪褐斑病菌的拮抗作用最强。观察结果表明,哈茨木霉Thar2对草坪褐斑病菌的拮抗机制主要表现为生长竞争、重寄生及产生抗菌物质。 相似文献
11.
本试验从西瓜枯萎病生物防治实际需要出发,检测了两株解淀粉芽胞杆菌TR2和CE对西瓜枯萎病的防治作用及其相关的生防因子。平板对峙试验显示生防菌TR2和CE对西瓜枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌Xg-1、Xg-2和腐皮镰刀菌Xg-3的生长有较强的抑制作用,其中TR2对Xg-1的抑菌效果最好,抑菌带宽度为4.7 mm,CE对Xg-3的抑菌效果最好,抑菌带宽度为5.0 mm,抑菌圈边缘菌丝出现变细、扭曲、个别细胞膨大成球形等畸形现象。幼苗接种试验表明生防菌TR2和CE对西瓜枯萎病的发生具有防治效果,其中TR2对Xg-1在第15 d时防病效果最好,病情指数明显降低,其防治效果达到60%;TR2和CE对Xg-3在第3 d时表现很好的防病效果,发病率和病情指数都明显低于对照,防治效果可达63.6%。采用结晶紫染色、钼锑抗比色法、四苯硼钠法和透明圈检测等方法检测TR2和CE的相关生防因子,发现TR2和CE均可以形成生物膜、分解有机磷、无机磷和钾矿石,并且具备产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的能力。采用水培法发现TR2和CE的解磷解钾能力可以促进西瓜幼苗根和茎的生长。结果表明生防菌TR2和CE可以控制西瓜枯萎病的发生、形成生物膜在西瓜根系定殖,促进西瓜幼苗生长,是具有开发潜力的生防菌株。 相似文献
12.
本文研究了枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis TR21在大田对抗病品种粉杂1号枯萎病的防控效果及其与病原菌不同组合处理种苗根系抗性相关信号物质累积情况,评估了菌株TR21与粉杂1号结合减轻大田发病率的应用价值。田间试验设置清水对照区、菌株TR21可湿性粉剂喷叶区、菌株TR21可湿性粉剂喷叶+叶腋接种1次胶囊剂型区、菌株TR21可湿性粉剂喷叶+叶腋接种1次栓剂剂型区,并统计田间发病率、抽蕾率、断蕾率和产量。室内采用清水处理、菌株TR21叶腋接种、香蕉枯萎病菌FOC004孢子根系接种、菌株TR21叶腋接种后再在根系接种FOC004孢子的挑战接种4种处理方式,测定接种后不同时间点根系NO、H2O2和水杨酸（SA）变化。结果表明,TR21可湿性粉剂的不同处理均能降低粉杂1号发病率,其中喷叶区防效达72%,此外增加1次栓剂处理可以显著增加单株产量,并显著缩短粉杂1号生育期。对抗性信号物质测定发现,只有挑战处理能够在接种早期（4 h）激发NO的显著升高,并维持较长时间（72 h）;3种处理均能够在早期（4 h）显著减少根系产生H2O2;病原菌和挑战处理在早期（4 h）能够激发根系SA含量显著升高。TR21叶腋喷施通过提高粉杂1号对枯萎病的抗性来降低田间发病率。 相似文献
13.
为寻找高效安全且来源于生物源的除草活性物质,以此为先导化合物开发生物源除草剂。从青稞白酒糟醅中分离到的菌株中筛选到3株高效除草活性菌株,经形态特征和分子生物学鉴定后,确定JZ2?1?2为多粘类芽孢杆菌,JZ2?4?5、JZ2?5?2为枯草芽孢杆菌。3株芽孢杆菌的发酵液对供试禾本科杂草野燕麦的种子萌发具有抑制作用,同时对其幼苗发育影响明显,对野燕麦幼苗根长抑制率分别为92.48%、100.00%、100.00%。枯草芽孢杆菌JZ2?4?5发酵液通过茎叶喷施后,盆栽野燕麦植株7 d后大部分死亡,JZ2?5?2、JZ2?1?2对野燕麦防除效果次之。野燕麦叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量均有显著降低,MDA含量和SOD酶活性也变化明显。同时证明了3株芽孢杆菌属菌株对油菜菌核病原菌具有较好的拮抗作用。作物安全性结果表明,3株芽孢杆菌属菌株对小麦、青稞安全,对油菜、蚕豆风险高。综上所述,从青稞白酒糟醅中分离到的多粘类芽孢杆菌JZ2?1?2,枯草芽孢杆菌JZ2?4?5、JZ2?5?2具有作为麦田生物源除草剂开发的潜力。 相似文献
14.
球孢白僵菌经不同基质继代移殖后对松墨天牛毒力的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以筛选得到的分离自松墨天牛的球孢白僵菌高毒力菌株B5、Bxs、低毒力菌株B11和分离自松毛虫的球孢白僵菌低毒力菌株BZ为出发菌株,记为B0。通过连续接种松墨天牛幼虫分别获得H1、H2、H3、H4;连续在PPDA培养基上继代移殖,分别获得R1、R2、R3和R4,对各原始菌株与继代移殖菌株分别进行毒力测定。结果表明：高毒力菌株B5、Bxs与低毒力菌株B11、BZ在PPDA培养基上继代移殖,各菌株毒力均逐代下降,原始菌株、各继代移殖菌株彼此间的LT50差异显著。分离自松墨天牛的B5、Bxs、B11菌株通过松墨天牛幼虫继代移殖后毒力逐代提高,逐代之间的LT50差异显著;但来源于松毛虫的Bz菌株逐代之间的LT50差异不显著,这可能跟球孢白僵菌对寄主的专化性有关。 相似文献
15.
Chiou-Chu Su Chung-Jan Chang Wen-Jen Yang Shih-Tien Hsu Kuo-Ching Tzeng Fuh-Jyh Jan Wen-Ling Deng 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(2):203-216
Pear leaf scorch, the only Xylella fastidiosa-induced disease reported from Taiwan, was found in area where the variety Hengshan (Pyrus pyrifolia) was grown. Strains of pear leaf scorch Xyl. fastidiosa (XF-PLS) shared similarities to strains of other host origins in the requirement of complex medium and the exhibition of
rippled cell walls, however, recent serological and molecular biology studies showed difference among them. Five strains of
XF-PLS were compared with 20 other strains originally isolated from almond, oleander, pecan, plum, peach, mulberry, grapes,
citrus, coffee, and sycamore by sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region
(ITS). When sequences of 16S rRNA gene based on fragment size of 1,537–1,540 bp were compared, the similarity index among
5 XF-PLS strains was 99.3–99.8%, whereas it was 97.8–98.6% between XF-PLS strains and strains from other hosts. When sequences
of 16S–23S rRNA ITS based on fragment size of 510–540 bp were compared, the similarity index among 5 XF-PLS strains was 99.0–100%,
whereas it was 80.7–82% between XF-PLS strains and strains from other hosts. Multiple sequence alignments led to the identification
of 5 polymorphic nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene among the 25 Xyl. fastidiosa strains, and there were considerable variations in the nucleotide sequences of 16S–23S rRNA ITS between XF-PLS and the other
20 Xyl. fastidiosa strains. The phylogenetic trees revealed that XF-PLS strains were separated from strains of other hosts. Strains of other
hosts were divided into four subgroups: strains from (1) oleander, (2) grape, almond M23 and mulberry, (3) citrus and coffee,
and (4) pecan, peach, plum, sycamore and almond M12. Results indicate that XF-PLS strains were not closely related to the
above-mentioned strains from other hosts and could possibly belong to a new subspecies of Xyl. fastidiosa. 相似文献
16.
番茄枯萎病和青枯病拮抗细菌的筛选、评价与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从宁夏银川、江苏沭阳和福建厦门的番茄、辣椒、西瓜等作物根际土壤中,分离纯化获得367株细菌菌株。以番茄枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici和番茄青枯病菌Ralstonia solanacearum为靶标菌,从367株菌株中筛选出对两种病菌皆具有很强拮抗作用的菌株22株。拮抗细菌抑菌物质的研究结果表明：22株拮抗细菌均能分泌蛋白酶;不能分泌几丁质酶;3株细菌能分泌纤维素酶;3株细菌能分泌嗜铁素。盆栽试验结果表明：拮抗细菌PTS-394对番茄枯萎病和青枯病的防效最高,分别为77.4%和80%;菌株H-70、L-1和SJ-280对番茄枯萎病和青枯病的防效均大于60%。对上述4株拮抗细菌进行16S rRNA种属鉴定,均为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。 相似文献
17.
Genetic diversity analysis of Acidovorax citrulli in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shasha Yan Yuwen Yang Tielin Wang Tingchang Zhao Norman W. Schaad 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):171-181
Acidovorax citrulli has become quite common in China. A collection of 118 strains of A. citrulli was made from throughout China and other countries to determine their genetic relatedness. Strains were identified as A. citrulli by pathogenicity, phenotypic characterization, and PCR. Genetic diversity was determined using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE electrophoresis resulted in nine genotypes, which could be typed into two groups based on host; group 1 included strains mainly from melon and group 2 included strains mainly from watermelon. MLST analysis resulted in 73 sequence types (ST) among the 118 A. citrulli strains. All A. citrulli strains were typed into three groups: group 1 with 82 strains (including type strain Fc247), group 2 with 35 strains and group 3 a singleton (Fc380). Similar to PFGE results, group 1 included strains mainly from melon and group 2 included strains mainly from watermelon. The difference was the 10 watermelon strains (pslbtw1-3, 5–11) from Beijing grouped with melon strains of group 1 based on MLST, suggesting that these 10 watermelon strains had a close relationship with melon. Our study indicated that there was genetic differentiation among A. citrulli strains between watermelon and melon. Also, our study was the first attempt to compare PFGE and MLST on analyzing genetic diversity of A. citrulli strains and proved MLST could better distinguish A. citrulli strains. 相似文献
18.
B. Völksch H. Weingart 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(9):795-802
The relationships among strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) isolated from kudzu ( Pueraria lobata) and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) were investigated. All strains tested showed a close phenotypic similarity, with the exception of the utilization of inositol and mannitol as well as the production of toxins. On this basis the strains could be divided into three groups. Group 1 consists of all strains of pathovar glycinea, group 2 includes all Psp strains isolated from kudzu, and all Psp strains isolated from bean belong to group 3. This grouping was also reflected in the genetic fingerprints using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers that anneal to dispersed repetitive bacterial sequences (rep-PCR). The rep-PCR generated fingerprints were unique for each of the three groups. The strains of group 2, Psp strains isolated from kudzu, possess certain characteristics of group 1 (ethylene production) and group 2 (phaseolotoxin production). The Psp strains from kudzu can be clearly differentiated from Psp strains isolated from bean. They utilize mannitol, produce ethylene, and are strongly pathogenic to kudzu, bean, and soybean. The results obtained show that the Psp strains from kudzu should be separated from the pathovar phaseolicola and should represent their own pathovar. 相似文献
19.
Chanda Kushwaha Ramesh Chand Chandra Prakash Srivastava 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(3):323-330
Aeciospores in Uromyces fabae were found to be repeating spores and play an important role in pea rust outbreaks in the North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ) of India. Experiments conducted on pea rust from 2001 to 2004 revealed the dominance of aeciospores at all growth stages of pea in this region. Urediospore production was erratic and was only observed in a few samples of stems and tendrils (5–10%). Inoculation of pea plants either by aeciospores or urediospores resulted in the production of aeciospores. Production of aeciospores was observed at a temperature range of 10–25 °C, with a maximum at 25 ± 2 °C. Among the different growth stages of pea, the pod formation stage was highly susceptible and produced the maximum number (744) of aecidia/leaf at 20–25 °C. Significant effects of growth stages and temperature were also noticed for pustule number. Urediospore production mainly coincided with the senescence of the pea plants. Maximum germination (2%) of aeciospores was observed at 25 °C, whereas maximum urediospore germination (3.5%) was at 15 °C. Temperatures > 15 °C decreased urediospore germination. A relative humidity (RH) of 100% was favourable for aeciospore germination while 98% RH favoured urediospore germination. Typical histo-pathological behaviour of the aeciospores was observed. 相似文献
20.
福建省香蕉枯萎病菌硝酸盐营养突变体的营养体亲和性测定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Fourteen strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense were induced to produce 146 nitrate-nonutilizing(nit) mutants on a chlorate-containing medium. Among them, there were 117 nit1 mutants(80.14%), 17 nit3 mutants(11.64%) and 12 nitM mutants(8.22%). These strains were divided into two vegetative compatibility groups(VCGs) by the vegetative compatibility tests. Twelve strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense from Musa AAA belonged to VCG1, two trains from Musa ABB belonged to VCG2. 相似文献