共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 279 毫秒
1.
2.
大球坚蚧寄生蜂及其观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
经两年的观察，发现危害国槐的大球坚蚧在雌成虫孕卵期有四种主要寄生性天敌，即黑色食蚧蚜小蜂，蜡蚧斑翅蚜小蜂。刷盾短缘跳小蜂和球蚧蓝绿跳小蜂，通过对寄生蜂数量与大球坚蚧单雌孕卵量关系的分析，表明大球坚蚧寄生蜂的数量对大球坚蚧雌虫产卵量有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
3.
文章简要介绍了红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂的产卵行为、对不同寄主的产卵反应及其产卵刺激素的提取纯化和化学组成的研究概况，为进一步研究利用红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂控制红蜡蚧的有效途径提供借鉴。 相似文献
4.
本文报道我省枣、柿大害虫——日本龟蜡蚧(Ceroplastes japonicus Green)的几种主要天敌,即1.捕食性天敌:七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata L.)、异色瓢虫[Leis axyridis(Pallas)]和红点唇瓢虫(Chilocorlls kuwanaeSilverstri)等瓢虫;七点草蛉(Chrysopa septempunctata Wesm.)和中华草蛉(Chrysopa sinica Tjeder),以及粉蛉等脉翅目昆虫。2.寄生性天敌主要是赛黄盾软蚧蚜小蜂(Coccophagus ishii Compere)和跳小蜂科之一种(Blasto-thrix sp.)。 相似文献
5.
6.
2003～2006 年在弥勒县新哨镇板栗园,对板栗害虫白生盘蚧的生物学特性、生命表、种群动态进行了研究.提出以白生盘蚧的天敌蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂、软蚧扁角跳小蜂为主的生物防治,并辅以科学的营林技术和低渡度化学防治即可以取得最佳防治效果. 相似文献
7.
广西松突圆蚧本地寄生蜂调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从2007年1月至2008年6月,对广西松突圆蚧Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi本地寄生蜂的种类、分布、数量等进行了调查,结果收集到寄生蜂11种,能够证实是松突圆蚧寄生蜂的有4种:长缨恩蚜小蜂Encarsia citrina Craw、友恩蚜小蜂E. amicula Viggiani et Ren、惠东黄蚜小蜂Aphytishuidongensis Huang和中华四节蚜小蜂Pteroptrix chinensis Howard.其中分布最广、种群数量最多的为长缨恩蚜小蜂,占寄生蜂总数的76.56%,平均寄生率为5.46%.本次调查为下一步优势寄生蜂的开发利用提供了理论依据. 相似文献
8.
9.
花椒绵粉蚧寄生性天敌的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1999—2001年在花椒绵粉蚧Phenacoccus azaleae Kuwana发生严重的山西省盂县对该虫的天敌昆虫进行了详细的调查研究，发现绵粉蚧长索跳小蜂Anagyrus shoenherri (Westwood)、蚜虫跳小蜂Syrphophagus aphidivorus(Mayr)、宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuton sp．、长盾拟金小蜂Eunotus sp．和荆腹拟金小蜂(Gastrancistrus sp．等5种寄生性小蜂类天敌昆虫，其中绵粉蚧长索跳小蜂是优势种，它1a发生2代，成虫出现于4月和6月，对蚧虫越冬期的若虫、春天出蛰的雌性若虫、雌成虫及卵均能寄生。在花椒纯林内对产卵期的蚧虫寄生率为8．7％，在花椒与农作物混种的林地，由于经常喷洒杀虫剂，寄生率只有0．56％。根据该小蜂在白蜡绵粉蚧上的高寄生率，提出从蚧虫多年发生区采集寄生蜂，释放到新发生区的建议。 相似文献
10.
本文记述了寄生于枣球蜡蚧(Eulecanium gigantea)上的3种寄生峰,即球花角跳小蜂[Blastotrix sericea(Dalman)]、蜡介跳小峰[Encyrtus in fidus(Rossi)]和中国新记录种-拜氏跳小峰(Oriencyrtus be ybienkoi Sugonjaev et Trjapitzin)。简述了生物学特性。 相似文献
11.
紫胶虫 (ｌａｃｉｎｓｅｃｔ)、白蜡虫 (ｗａｘｓｃａｌｅ)、倍蚜虫 (ｇａｌｌａｐｈｉｄｓ)是我国重要的资源昆虫。资源昆虫的寄主植物不仅是它们的栖息和繁衍场所 ,更是其食物来源。寄主植物种类繁多 ,其中不乏优良寄主植物物种。通过在紫胶、白蜡、五倍子的主产区广泛收集紫胶虫、白蜡虫、倍蚜虫的寄主植物物种资源 ,在南亚热带的云南景东进行繁殖 ,用迁地保存的方式保存于景东试验站树木园内。多年来 ,已收集、保存了紫胶虫、白蜡虫、倍蚜虫的寄主植物 2 0 0余种 ,隶属 36科 98属。本研究于 1 993年至 1 999年立题进行 ,现将主要结果报… 相似文献
12.
对福建省明溪县翰仙镇大岬洲闽楠群落中12个主要种群的生态位特征进行研究,结果表明:闽楠、黑壳楠、沉水樟、枫香、红楠是广生态位树种,尖叶水丝梨、薯豆、拟赤杨是狭生态位树种。闽楠与生态位较宽的树种相似程度大,并易与这些阔叶树种形成混交林。群落内各种间的竞争不十分剧烈,群落尚处于不稳定状态。 相似文献
13.
山核桃人工林生物多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为构建山核桃人工林可持续经营群落,用群落调查法研究了浙江省临安市不同经营措施类型山核桃人工林的物种多样性,结果表明：（1）绵枣儿、天葵、麦冬、地丁、鹅观草、猪殃殃等物种在各经营类型林地中重要值相对较高。（2）丰富度指数在16～33之间,均匀度指数在0．72—0．85之间,Simpson指数在0．83～0．93之间．Shannon．Wiener指数在3．07～4．23之间。（3）类型c（长期使用草甘磷除草的林地）的Shan-non．Wiener指数和丰富度指数低于类型A（近3年未使用草甘磷,每年施肥2次的林地）和类型B（近3年未使用草甘磷,并未施肥的林地）,Simpson指数大小依次为：类型A〉类型B〉类型c,均匀度指数类型A与类型C基本相等,而类型B最少。对于类型c,需要改变林地的经营措施,加速林下植被的恢复,合理引入绵枣儿、天葵、麦冬、地丁、鹅观草、猪殃殃等适应性较强的物种。 相似文献
14.
15.
本文利用嗅觉仪、GC/MS等测定技术,研究日本龟蜡蚧危害后,柿树和枣树对2种捕食性天敌昆虫中华草蛉和异色瓢虫的招引作用.结果表明:在日本龟蜡蚧1个年生活周期中的5-6月份和7-8月份2个阶段受害枝叶对天敌没有显著的招引作用,但在9-10月受害枝叶具有较强烈的招引作用并呈现出昼夜节律性;1:00-3:00和13:00-15:00 2个时段,2种寄主树木受害与未受害的枝叶招引效应之间的差异均达极显著水平,而在7:00-9:00和19:00-21:00 2时段内并没有表现出招引作用.同时受害枝叶对天敌的招引作用还表现为虫害诱导后树体挥发物和蚧虫的虫体挥发物的协同作用,但受害枝叶的招引力强于蚧虫虫体.与未受害相比,受害柿树挥发物中有6种物质含量明显增加,并新增加了11种组分,包括3种萜类、3种芳香类、3种烃类和2种醇类化合物. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1):25-47
Two sets of large (8-20 m tall) red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees growing on Whiteface Mountain, N.Y., were used in branch chamber experiments. In the summer of 1988, the treatments were made on four healthy trees and consisted of: (1) open branches (N), and in chambers that were supplied with either: (2) ambient air (A); (3) charcoal-filtered air (T); or (4) charcoalfiltered air and deionized water misting when the forest was immersed in ambient cloud water (M). Each tree had all of the treatments. The treatments for the second year (summer of 1989) were made on four declining trees and consisted of: (1) open branches (NC) and chambers supplied with either (2) ambient air and mist (AA), (3) synthetic acid mist and ambient air (SA), (4) distilled water mist and ambient air (DA), (5) synthetic acid mist with filtered air (SF), and (6) distilled water mist with filtered air (DF). Foliar properties measurcd included: (1) microreflectivity, a measure of surface wax properties; (2) cuticle thickness; (3) cutinized cell wall thickness; (4) total cuticular layer thickness: (5) the mass of surface wax extracted from needle samples; and (6) contact angles, a measure of surface wetting. In addition, needles were collected and measured from healthy trees at lower and higher elevations. In the first experiment, reflectance from the wax in the stomata1 antechambers in treatment M was statistically significantly greater than all the other treatments. The cuticles of needles in treatment M were also statistically significantly thicker than the cuticles measured in all the other treatments (40% thicker than for the open branches). A plot of cuticular layer against elevation showed that the two filtered chambers (M and T) provided environments for cuticle development that mimic lower elevations. In 1989 the weather was cooler and more moist, and although the trees used in 1989 were declining, the results were similar to those of 1988. However, the additional treatments with synthetic acid mist resulted in reduced cuticle thickness. While the cuticles of the chamber trees growing at 1,170 m were, except for treatment M and T, generally thicker in 1989 than in 1988, they were still considerably thinner than those of spruce trees growing at the lower elevations. These results suggest regional scale air and precipitation quality have detrimental effects on red spruce needles at Whiteface Mountain. 相似文献
17.
本文报道了在昆明地区女贞、白蜡树和小叶女贞三种不同寄主植物上白蜡虫的泌蜡状况。试验结果表明,通过在三种寄主树上放养昆明种虫和昭通种虫,不同寄主的雄虫个体平均泌蜡量,单头种虫产蜡量因种虫和寄主不同而不同;白蜡虫在不同寄主上泌蜡存在高峰期,泌蜡高峰期因寄主和种虫不同而异;白蜡虫历时基本上不受寄主的影响,在３种寄主上大致相同。用白蜡虫雄虫个体平均泌蜡量、单头种虫产蜡量和泌蜡历时等指标衡量,在昆明地区,女贞是白蜡虫的优良寄主。 相似文献
18.
Evaluation of cold resistance of ornamental species for planting as urban rooftop greening 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rooftop gardening or green roof establishment, one of the methods of afforestation for urban greening, has many benefits for the environment, the economy and urban landscapes. Various environmental stresses including heat, strong wind, sunshine and cold prevent most plants from growing well in extensive green roof systems. For the establishment of urban rooftop gardening in Beijing, we evaluated 13 ornamental plant species [Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, Euonymus fortune (Turcz.) Hand., Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Swida alba Opiz., Weigela florida (Bunge.) A. DC., Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., Euonymus japonicus Thunb., Euonymus japonicus ‘Cuzhi’, Buddleja davidii Franch., Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Spiraea salicifolia L.] for greening of flat rooftops. We obtained three indices concerning cold resistance, i.e., electrical conductivity of leaves, amounts of soluble sugars and amounts of free proline, providing a theoretical basis for selection of plants fit for roof and balcony greening. The results show that the six species P. fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., B. thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, J. nudiflorum Lindl., E. fortune (Turcz.) Hand., E. japonicus Thunb. and E. japonicus ‘Cuzhi’ are excellent plants for rooftop gardening, judging from their strong ability in cold resistance. Plants such as L. lucidum Ait., C. coggygria Scop. and W. florida (Bunge) A. DC. showed a medium ability in cold resistance. However, these species can be used in roof and balcony greening after intensive management or acclimatization of variety. The ability to resist cold of plants such as W. florida (Bunge) A. DC., S. salicifolia L., V. rhytidophyllum and S. alba Opiz. (Cornus alba L.) was found to be rather weak. Therefore, cold-proof measures are recommended when using these species. 相似文献
19.
茉莉酸甲酯和日本龟蜡蚧诱导柿树挥发物对红点唇瓢虫的吸引(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和日本龟蜡蚧诱导柿树挥发物对天敌昆虫红点唇瓢虫的吸引作用.结果显示:7月份当日本龟蜡蚧处于若虫阶段时,它的危害并不能诱导柿树对瓢虫的吸引;相反,用茉莉酸甲酯处理过的柿树表现出对瓢虫明显的吸引,呈现升高-降低-再升高的波动变化.在MeJA处理后的8 h(当天15:00)和24 h(第2天早7:00)达到高峰期,其对瓢虫的吸引率分别为78.2l%和73.42%.通过GC/MS分析,从MeJA处理的柿树和对照中共检出4类17种化学成分.2[10]一蒎烯和柠檬油精是在处理柿树中新增加的成分.另外3种萜类化合物的相对含量增加,其中α-蒎烯最为明显.这些挥发物组成的变化揭示了柿树吸引瓢虫的原因.根据对化学成分的分析,选择单组分柠檬油精和α-蒎烯来验证它们对红点唇瓢虫的吸引力.结果证明,两者对该瓢虫都有明显吸引力,在浓度为1×10-4和1×10-5g·mL-1时的吸引率分别为78.95%和75.61%.因此认为,MeJA可以作为一种信号转导分子用于诱导寄主植物释放挥发物,提高对蚧虫的生物防治效果.此外,发现萜类化合物在一天中的波动变化.直到MeJA处理后的8 h,6种萜类物质的含量都增加,但到了12 h,只检出α一蒎烯其含量为0.87%.然而到第2天早上7:00,所有6种萜类化合物又都重新检测到,其中α-蒎烯甚至达到了73.0l%. 相似文献