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1.
亚种间杂交稻谷粒灌浆特性与籽粒充实度的研究 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23
对水稻亚种间杂种亚优 2号的谷粒灌浆特性和籽粒充实度进行了研究 ,分析了亚种间杂种籽粒充实度差的主要原因 ,并提出了改善籽粒充实度的对策。 相似文献
2.
外源磷处理对水稻籽粒植酸含量及相关代谢基因表达的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用水稻穗离体培养方法,对不同外源磷浓度下水稻籽粒植酸等磷化物含量的差异及其植酸代谢相关功能基因在灌浆过程中的表达特征进行了探讨。结果表明,水稻籽粒中的植酸、无机磷和总磷含量随外源磷处理浓度上升呈增加趋势,但磷处理对千粒重和单位籽粒中植酸积累量的影响因磷浓度水平而异,高磷处理会导致水稻千粒重和籽粒植酸积累绝对量的显著降低;外源磷处理浓度的上升,不仅会引起水稻籽粒中锌和铁元素含量的显著降低,而且会导致锌、铁营养的生物有效性下降;外源磷处理对水稻籽粒植酸含量的影响与不同磷处理下RINO1基因的相对表达量之间存在较密切关系,中磷浓度(3P)处理会诱导RINO1基因的表达,但高磷浓度(12P)会抑制RINO1基因的表达,RINO1是外源磷浓度处理对水稻籽粒植酸合成代谢过程产生调控作用的一个重要功能基因位点,而IPK2基因与水稻在不同磷浓度处理下的植酸含量变化无直接联系。 相似文献
3.
氮、磷、锌营养对水稻籽粒植酸含量的影响及与几种矿质元素间的相关性 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
以协青早、秀水110及其辐射诱变获得的低植酸突变系（HIPi1和HIPj1）为材料,通过水培试验对不同氮、磷、锌浓度处理下水稻籽粒植酸含量差异及与几种矿质元素间的相关性进行了比较分析。高水平氮、磷、锌浓度处理的籽粒植酸含量较同一品种的低氮、磷、锌处理均有所降低,但在水稻生育期间,籽粒植酸含量对磷、锌处理浓度变化的敏感性,则因品种的植酸类型特征而异;氮、磷浓度增加能分别提高铁或降低铜在籽粒中的积累,但在高锌处理下,籽粒铁含量明显降低、而钾和镁的含量等却有所升高; 籽粒植酸含量一般与K、Mg、Fe、Cu 4种矿质元素含量呈正相关、与籽粒Zn含量呈负相关,但统计显著水平因品种而异。低植酸突变体籽粒中的K、Mg、Fe、Zn等含量虽略有下降,但可以通过适当的介质营养条件来调节有关矿质营养在水稻籽粒中的积累。 相似文献
4.
植酸是植物中磷的主要储存形式,适当减少植酸含量就可以提高作物种子中微量元素的利用率、降低环境中磷的污染和浪费。本研究旨在通过钼蓝显色法测定小麦种子中无机磷的含量,间接反映小麦品种（品系或株系）的植酸含量,从而为低植酸小麦品种的培育提供参考。对348个普通小麦品种（系）、232个近缘种杂交后代株系,以及4个普通小麦杂交组合的第四代（或第五代）株系进行了无机磷含量测定,结果表明,这570份小麦材料的籽粒无机磷含量主要分布在0.46μg/mg-0.93μg/mg之间,低无机磷（低于0.15μg/mg）、高无机磷（高于0.93μg/mg）的材料比较少,呈现中间多、两头少的分布趋势。4个杂交组合群体无机磷含量的平均值分别是0.6549μg/mg、0.5918μg/mg、0.4538μg/mg和0.5792μg/mg,没有高无机磷或者低无机磷含量的株系,可能由这4个组合的亲本无机磷含量所决定的。因此,在普通小麦品种（系）、近缘种杂交后代株系中存在少量高无机磷和低无机磷的材料,而从中等无机磷含量的亲本杂交后代中没有筛选到高无机磷（低植酸）的株系。 相似文献
5.
以高多胺水稻品种金陵香糯为材料,在抽穗期、开花期和灌浆期用不同浓度的多胺合成抑制剂D 精氨酸（D Arg）、甲基乙二醛双（鸟苷腙）（MGBG）和环己胺（CHA）喷施穗部和剑叶,研究它们对水稻籽粒中游离态和结合态多胺含量和组成的影响。结果表明,D Arg对3个时期水稻籽粒中游离态和结合态各多胺含量及总量均有显著抑制作用,其中开花期和灌浆期处理的效果较明显。MGBG和CHA主要影响籽粒多胺的组成,对多胺总量的影响仅MGBG在开花期、CHA在抽穗期和开花期处理的抑制作用达显著水平。 相似文献
6.
亚种间杂交稻谷粒灌浆特性籽粒充实度的研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
对小稻亚种间杂种亚优２号的谷粒灌浆特性和籽粒充实度进行了研究，分析了种间杂种粒充实度差的主要原因，并提出了改善籽粒充实度的对策。 相似文献
7.
几个水稻品种碳素代谢特征的比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
结合饲料稻品种选育,在不同生育期对5个水稻品种（组合）进行了光合作用、呼吸作用、茎鞘非结构碳水化合物的积累和转运以及籽粒充实特性的比较研究。结果表明,不同品种其碳素代谢特性各不相同,杂交组合威优56光合作用、呼吸作用较强,茎鞘非结构碳水化合物在孕穗期积累丰富,到成熟期残留较少,后期籽粒充实速度下降缓慢,是一个碳素代谢十分旺盛的组合。常规稻辐丰早92－124在灌浆后期仍维持较高的光合强度和较强的籽粒充实速度,且成熟期茎鞘内非结构碳水化合物残留最少,也是一个后期碳素代谢较为理想的水稻品种。 相似文献
8.
植物激素对杂交稻籽粒灌浆及蔗糖合酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以亚种间杂交稻两优培九和品种间杂交稻汕优63为材料,对籽粒灌浆期间的内源激素含量和酶活性进行了测定分析,并结合外源激素对水稻籽粒灌浆过程的调控试验,分析了脱落酸对蔗糖代谢关键酶——蔗糖合酶活性的调节作用。结果表明,灌浆前期强势粒中生长素、玉米素核苷和脱落酸（ABA）含量明显高于弱势粒,并与籽粒最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、籽粒充实率和粒重均呈显著或极显著正相关。强势粒中蔗糖合酶活性明显高于弱势粒,且达到峰值的时间也早于弱势粒。籽粒灌浆速率、籽粒充实率、粒重和淀粉积累速率与蔗糖合酶活性呈显著正相关。花后8 d对稻株喷施低浓度ABA显著提高了籽粒中ABA含量和蔗糖合酶活性,增加了粒重和籽粒充实率。喷施ABA合成抑制剂氟草酮作用则相反。上述结果说明,植物激素尤其是ABA对水稻籽粒灌浆有重要的促进作用,其作用在很大程度上是通过调节籽粒蔗糖合酶活性实现的。 相似文献
9.
10.
为探究叶面喷施硒肥对黑小麦籽粒产量和硒含量的效应,以临黑131和冬黑1206两个黑小麦品种为材料,分别在拔节期（4月17日）、孕穗期（4月28日）和灌浆期（5月14日）3个时期喷施0、10、20、30 mg·L-14个浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液,分析叶面喷施不同浓度硒对黑小麦籽粒产量及硒含量的影响。结果表明,拔节期和孕穗期喷施硒肥对黑小麦有增产效果,而灌浆期喷施硒肥增产效果不明显;孕穗期和灌浆期喷施硒肥浓度为10 mg·L-1至20 mg·L-1时,黑小麦籽粒可达到富硒标准（0.15～0.30 mg·kg-1）。综上所述,在黑小麦孕穗期叶面喷施浓度介于10 mg·L-1至20 mg·L-1之间的Na2Se03溶液,在不减少产量的前提下,可显著提高黑小麦籽粒中的硒含量,使黑小麦籽粒达到富硒水平,增加黑小麦的营养价值。 相似文献
11.
The grain-filling characteristics of six rice varieties (combinations) and the relationships between their relative biochemistry composition during phytate synthesizing and grain plumpness were studied. Regarding results for ISHR1,ISHR2, R198 and JW21, with good grain plumpness, the two-step-filling in superior spikelets and inferior spikelets was not clear, while for ISHR3 and 559, with poor grain plumpness, it was very clear. From booting stage to flowering stage, the contents of phytate and inositol in varieties with good grain plumpness was obviously higher than those in varieties with poor grain plumpness. While at grain filling stage, the content of inorganic phosphorus in varieties with poor grain plumpness was obviously higher than that in varieties with good grain plumpness. The contents of phytate and inositol from booting stage to flowering stage was highly significantly correlated with the initial filling power (RO), the mean filling rate (RM) and grain filling percentage (PGF), and the content of inorganic phosphorus at grain filling stage was negatively significantly correlated with R0, FM and PGF. Furthermore, effective approach to improving grain filling was put forward. 相似文献
12.
Association of Phytate Formation with Grain Filling in Rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANGRuo-zhong XIAOLang-tao DINGJun-hui YANQinquan 《水稻科学》2003,11(1):38-42
The grain-filling characteristics of six rice varieties (combinations) and the relationships between their relative biochemistry composition during phytate synthesizing and grain plumpness were studied. Regarding results for ISHR1,ISHR2, R198 and JW21, with good grain plumpness, the two-step-filling in superior spikelets and inferior spikelets was not clear, while for ISHR3 and 559, with poor grain plumpness, it was very clear. From booting stage to flowering stage, the contents of phytate and inositol in varieties with good grain plumpness was obviously higher than those in varieties with poor grain plumpness. While at grain filling stage, the content of inorganic phosphorus in varieties with poor grain plumpness was obviously higher than that in varieties with good grain plumpness. The contents of phytate and inositol from booting stage to flowering stage was highly significantly correlated with the initial filling power (R0), the mean filling rate (RM) and grainfilling percentage (PGF), and the content of inorganic phosphorus at grain filling stage was negatively significantly correlated with R0, FM and PGF. Furthermore, effective approach to improving grain filling was put forward. 相似文献
13.
Pre-anthesis non-structural carbohydrate reserve in the stem enhances the sink strength of inferior spikelets during grain filling of rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jing FuZuanhua Huang Zhiqin WangJianchnag Yang Jianhua Zhang 《Field Crops Research》2011,123(2):170-182
Sink strength plays an important role in grain filling of cereals but how it is related to the pre-anthesis non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves is not clear. This study investigated if and how an increase in NSC reserves could enhance sink strength, and consequently improve grain filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier flowering superior spikelets) for rice varieties with large panicles. Two “super” rice varieties (the recently bred high-yielding rice) and two New Plant Type (NPT, named in IRRI for the extra-large panicle) rice lines were compared with two elite inbred varieties under field-grown conditions. Three nitrogen (N) treatments, applied at the stages of panicle initiation, spikelet differentiation or both, were adopted with no N application during the mid-season as control. Both super rice and NPT rice showed a greater yield capacity as a result of a larger panicle than the elite inbred rice. However, a lower percentage of filled grains limited the realization of higher yield potential in super rice and especially in NPT rice, due to their lower grain filling rate and the smaller grain weight of their inferior spikelets. The low grain filling rate and small grain weight of inferior spikelets are mainly attributed to a poor sink strength as a result of small sink size (small number of endosperm cells) and low sink activity, e.g. low activities of sucrose synthase (SuSase) and adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). The amounts of NSC in the stem and NSC per spikelet at the heading time are significantly and positively correlated with sink strength (number of endosperm cells and activities of SuSase and AGPase), grain filling rate, and grain weight of inferior spikelets. Nitrogen application at the spikelet differentiation stage significantly increased, whereas N application at the panicle initiation or at both panicle initiation and spikelet differentiation stages, significantly reduced, NSC per spikelet at the heading time, sink strength, grain filling rate, and grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice. The results suggest that pre-anthesis NSC reserves in the stem are closely associated with the sink strength during grain filling of rice, and N application at the spikelet differentiation stage would be a good practice to increase pre-anthesis NSC reserves, and consequently to enhance sink strength for rice varieties with large panicles, such as super rice varieties. 相似文献
14.
XIANG Zu-fen YANG Wen-yu REN Wan-jun WANG Xiao-chun 《水稻科学》2005,12(2):107-113
The effects of uniconazole by soaking seeds and spraying leaves at booting stage with different concentrations （0, 20 and 40 mg/kg） on the nitrogen metabolism of flag leaf and grains after flowering, and rice grain protein content and yield were studied with hybrid rice combination Shanyou 63. Under uniconazole treatment, the soluble protein content in flag leaf was increased in early and middle period of grain filling, but this content was nearly the same as or even lower than that of control at maturity; Glutamine synthetase activity in superior and inferior grains and non-protein nitrogen content in superior grains at early stage of grain development were promoted, and moreover, the transforming speed from non-protein nitrogen to protein nitrogen was accelerated; Non-protein nitrogen content was lower than that of control at maturity, but protein nitrogen content at each stage was higher than those of control; Protein nitrogen content in superior and inferior grains and protein nitrogen absolutely accumulative content in a grain both were enhanced and protein content and yield in rice grain were raised. The application of uniconazole by soaking seeds and spraying leaves raised crude protein content by an average of 7.2% and 8.3%, and protein yield by an average of 13.1% and 13.4%, respectively. 相似文献
15.
选用8个杂交籼稻品种为试验材料,比较机直播不同品种间结实期物质转运、产量及穗部不同粒位（强、弱势粒,一次、二次枝梗,上、中、下部）米质的差异,并探讨结实期物质转运与不同粒位米质的关系,为机直播杂交籼稻品种筛选提供理论依据。结果表明,具有较高的颖花数和千粒重,且结实期具有较高的茎鞘和叶片物质输出与转换率,是机直播高产品种的主要特征。强势粒、一次枝梗籽粒垩白度和垩白粒率均低于弱势粒及二次枝梗籽粒,食味值均高于弱势粒及二次枝梗籽粒;穗上部籽粒米质特征均不同程度高于穗中部和下部籽粒,但穗中部和下部籽粒米质特征品种间存在差异;宜香优2115不同粒位食味值均不同程度高于其他品种。相关分析表明,结实期茎鞘物质输出率及转换率与不同粒位垩白均存在显著或极显著负相关（r=-0.66*~-0.85**）,与不同粒位食味值呈显著或极显著正相关（r=0.67*~0.86**）。提高机直播杂交籼稻结实期茎鞘物质转运率及转换率可改善不同粒位籽粒食味品质,宜香优2115作机直播在产量及米质上综合表现好,尤其在食味品质方面优势明显,适宜作为机直播水稻品种应用。 相似文献
16.
灌浆结实期不同时段温度对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：31
利用人工气候箱在水稻灌浆结实期不同时段进行温度试验,研究温度对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响。结果表明,灌浆结实期40℃高温处理后籽粒结实率显著降低,粒重下降,外观品质和食味品质变差。不同水稻品种对灌浆结实期温度的响应表现不一致。在试验条件下,华粳1号开花受精的敏感温度为35℃,而特优559开花、灌浆结实的最适温度为30℃,该温度处理结实率、粒重较高,外观品质以及食味品质较优。此外,灌浆结实期不同时段的高温对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响也存在显著差异：结实率对高温最敏感的时期是开花后1~5 d,粒重对高温最敏感的时期是开花后11~20 d;而温度对稻米品质影响最大的时期主要在花后16~20 d,25 d后温度处理影响较小。因此,灌浆前期适宜的温度条件对水稻优质栽培意义重大。 相似文献
17.
烯效唑对杂交水稻籽粒灌浆及产量的影响研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以杂交稻组合汕优63为材料,探讨了不同施药时期(浸种、孕穗期喷施)和不同质量浓度(0,10,20,40,80 mg/L)烯效唑处理对籽粒生长过程及产量的影响.结果表明,烯效唑对强势粒生长有一定抑制作用,但同时却促进了弱势粒的生长,在一定程度上具有协调强、弱势粒灌浆的作用,降低成熟期强势粒单粒重而提高弱势粒单粒重;使强势粒的终极生长量降低,达最大生长速率的时间延后,从而延长弱势粒的灌浆时间,提高弱势粒的灌浆速率及最大干重;由于烯效唑对弱势粒生长的促进作用,显著提高了其穗实粒数,进而提高了单穗籽粒干重及水稻产量.处理时期不同,其最佳浓度不同;浸种处理以质量浓度为40mg/L时产量最高,喷施处理以20mg/L时的产量最高. 相似文献
18.
烯效唑对水稻氮代谢及稻米蛋白质含量的影响 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
以杂交稻组合汕优63为材料,探讨了烯效唑处理对水稻开花后剑叶和籽粒氮代谢、稻米蛋白质含量及产量的影响。结果表明,烯效唑处理后,籽粒灌浆前、中期剑叶内可溶性蛋白质含量提高,而成熟期其含量与对照基本相同,甚至略低于对照;烯效唑提高了强、弱势粒中谷氨酰胺合成酶活性以及强势粒发育前期的非蛋白氮含量,并促进其向蛋白氮的转化,使成熟期非蛋白氮含量低于对照,而各时期蛋白氮含量均高于对照,成熟期强、弱势粒中蛋白氮含量和单粒蛋白氮绝对积累量均得以提高;烯效唑提高了稻米内蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量,浸种和喷施处理蛋白质含量平均分别比对照高7.2%和8.3%,蛋白质产量平均分别比对照高13.1%和13.4%。 相似文献
19.
以品质优良、较好、较差的桂华占、八桂香、珍桂矮（CK）3个籼稻品种为材料,研究了优质稻花后干物质积累、运转与籽粒生长的动态特征及相互关系。结果表明,优质籼稻品种花后单株叶片和茎鞘干物质量大,花后叶片干物质的转运率和转运速率较对照高,但茎鞘的花后运转与对照的差异较小。3个水稻品种籽粒干质量的动态均可用Richards方程进行模拟,但优质品种的灌浆启动快、活跃灌浆期长、最大灌浆速率小。花后茎叶干物质的再运转占籽粒干质量的1/5~1/3,其中优质品种花后叶的再运转对籽粒生长的贡献是对照的1.5~2.0倍。相关分析表明,花后叶的干物质运转与籽粒生长的关系密切,因此,单株叶片干质量大、花后运转率高可能是优质水稻品质形成的重要生理原因之一。 相似文献
20.
亚种间杂交水稻灌浆特性的调节及其对产量的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
以亚种间组合汕优413和协优413、籼型杂交组合汕优10号为材料进行研究。结果表明对弱势粒灌浆的影响,IAA具有代替强势粒的作用。即使剪去顶端3个一次枝梗、营养物供应非常充足,由于IAA的存在,弱势粒的灌浆也较为迟缓,最终形成大量空秕粒,与不修剪的对照接近,说明弱势粒的灌浆主要受IAA调控,也证明强势粒以“顶端优势”的方式抑制弱势粒的灌浆。 相似文献