共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
《渔业科学进展》2015,(6)
本研究从家系水平上比较凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)保种群体出肉率的差异,评估出肉率性状的选择潜力,寻找替代出肉率的间接选择性状,可为出肉率性状的遗传改良提供技术参数。2012年,保种群体养殖350 d后,测定42个家系(2094尾凡纳滨对虾)的8个表型性状(净肉重、体重、头胸甲长、腹节长、头胸甲-腹节长、体长、全长、肥满度),然后将虾杀死,剖取虾肉,计算出肉率;利用单因素方差分析方法,比较不同家系间出肉率的差异;计算各表型性状与出肉率之间的相关系数,利用逐步回归方法构建表型性状对出肉率的多元线性回归方程。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾家系出肉率的均值为(53.59±3.26)%,分布范围为50.25%-59.51%,变异系数为6.08%,家系间差异达到极显著水平(P0.01);在8个表型性状中,与出肉率的相关性最高的3个性状分别为净肉重(r=0.478)、头胸甲-腹节长(r=0.376)和腹节长(r=0.370);在表型性状对出肉率的多元线性回归方程中,包括头胸甲-腹节长、体重和头胸甲-腹节长/全长3个性状,预测方程的决定系数为0.172。本研究首次在家系水平上表明,凡纳滨对虾保种群体家系间出肉率差异显著,但遗传变异度较低,为提高遗传进展,需进一步持续收集外部种质资源群体,并对出肉率进行家系间和家系内选择,以便获得期望的遗传进展。已测定表型性状与出肉率均处于中低度线性相关水平,初步获得与出肉率中度相关的间接选择性状;已构建的多元线性回归方程预测出肉率的准确度较低,因此,应进一步采用新的技术如超声波、核磁共振等,测定肌肉横截面积、腹节周长等新的性状,提高预测出肉率的准确性。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾生长性状遗传参数的估计 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用平衡巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,每个雄体配3个雌体,构建了18个父系半同胞家系和54个母系全同胞家系.分别测定了每个母系生长到5月龄60个全同胞个体的体质量、全长、体长、头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、头胸甲高、第一腹节背高、第三腹节背高和第一腹节背宽9个生长性状,应用数量遗传学原理,采用方差和协方差分析的方法,估算了5月龄凡纳滨对虾生长性状的遗传力及各性状间的遗传相关及表型相关.结果表明,利用父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是凡纳滨对虾各生长性状遗传力的无偏估计值.其中,体质量、全长、体长、头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、头胸甲高、第一腹节背高、第三腹节背高和第一腹节背宽狭义遗传力的估计值分别为0.460、0.392、0.303、0.234、0.251、0.330、0.282、0.321和0.356,属于中高等遗传力范围,显示出较高的选择育种潜力.基于父系半同胞遗传协方差组分及表型协方差分别估计的各性状间的遗传相关及表型相关表明,各个性状间均表现出高的正相关,其中遗传相关在0.750 ～0.976,体质量—全长的遗传相关为最大(0.976),全长—第三腹节背高的遗传相关为最小(0.750),表型相关为0.507～0.947,体质量—全长为最大(0.947),第一腹节背高—头胸甲高为最小(0.507).经t检验,各性状间遗传相关及表型相关均达到极显著水平,表明以任意一个生长性状为参数进行选育,均可达到改良凡纳滨对虾生长情况的效果. 相似文献
3.
不同种群凡纳滨对虾形态性状对体质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用单因素方差分析、通径分析和多元回归分析等方法,比较取自美国塞班岛凡纳滨对虾养殖基地V101、OS、G24、NS 4个凡纳滨对虾种群的头胸甲长、第1~6腹节长、尾节长、体长、全长、头胸甲宽、第1~6腹节宽、头胸甲高、第1~6腹节高等24项形态性状和体质量(m)及其所有性状的比例参数,分析各群体形态差异以及主要形态性状对体质量的影响,并建立回归方程。试验结果表明,4个群体大部分形态差异显著(P0.05),V101和G2群体属于瘦长型,OS和NS属于高胖型。相关分析、通径分析、决定程度分析结果表明,V101群体头胸甲长和头胸甲高与体质量正相关,第2腹节高与体质量负相关;OS群体体长、第2腹节长、头胸甲宽与体质量正相关,第6腹节长与体质量负相关;NS群体头胸甲长、第6腹节高与体质量正相关,头胸甲宽与体质量负相关;G2群体头胸甲长、全长与体质量正相关,体长与体质量负相关。4个群体的多元回归方程经方差显著性检验均达到极显著水平(P0.01),且复相关指数均0.85,表明头胸甲部位在凡纳滨对虾良种选育中占重要地位。 相似文献
4.
中国对虾生长性状遗传参数的估计 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过人工授精的方法建立了中国对虾21个半同胞家系(47个全同胞家系)。测量了中国对虾21个半同胞(47个全同胞)家系的体长、头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、第2和第3腹节处宽、第2和第3腹节处高、第1腹节长、第6腹节长和体重,共测量中国对虾1387尾。采用混合家系材料,利用Mtd-freml软件中的动物模型进行分析,平均体重作为协变量,得到的生长性状遗传力在0.04～0.20。体重遗传力为0.14±0.16。体长的遗传力为0.10±0.06,头胸甲长为0.07±0.06,头胸甲宽为0.05±0.04,第2、3腹节宽为0.20±0.16,第2、3腹节高的最低为0.04±0.13,第1腹节长为0.09±0.09,第6腹节长为0.19±0.15。各个性状间表现出高的正相关,其中头胸甲宽和体长以及2.3腹节高的遗传相关最大,达到了1.0±0.01,第1腹节长和2.3腹节宽的遗传相关最小为0.82±0.08。遗传力估计结果表明,中国对虾体长、体重性状的遗传力属于中度遗传力,在加性效应控制下,对中国对虾生长性状进行选择育种具有很大的遗传改良潜力,可以获得较好的选择效果。性状间高遗传相关说明在对体重进行选择的同时,其余的生长性状可以获得相关的间接选择反应。通过性状间的相关关系研究,可以对两性状间的关系进行明确的定量,有利于制定合理的多性状选择方案。在实际育种工作过程中,可以排除一些不利的或者相关性小的性状,以达到目的性状的最佳选择进展。实验结果为中国对虾的间接选择和早期选择育种提供依据。 相似文献
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为探明高温对凡纳滨对虾幼虾遗传变异的影响,自2018年由国外引进的4个凡纳滨对虾种群(EGDB、PRMA、API、SIS)构建的育种群中随机选取40个全同胞家系,每个家系随机取100尾个体,分成2份放入指定的试验桶中,共计4000尾仔虾,采用水浴加热法,对试验桶进行升温并记录其相应的存活时间及温度,用单性状动物模型对其耐高温性状进行遗传参数的评估。结果显示：凡纳滨对虾仔虾各家系的耐热性为782.64～2074.33℃?h,表明凡纳滨对虾仔虾家系间的耐热性存在显著性差异;家系间耐热性值的变异系数为10%～68%;当水温由28℃升至40℃时,各家系的累计存活率为58%～99%;利用单性状动物模型结合系谱信息,获得凡纳滨对虾幼虾耐高温性状的遗传力估计值0.22±0.05,属于中等遗传力。试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾幼虾耐高温性状具有较高的遗传变异水平,遗传改良的潜力较大。本试验结果可为凡纳滨对虾夏季高温养殖和耐高温品系的选育提供数据参考。 相似文献
6.
本研究对A、B两个凡纳滨对虾选育群体的亲虾形态特征及其产卵量和孵化率进行比较,结果表明A、B群体的体型性状存在一定差异,尤其是体重、体长、头胸甲长、第二腹节高和尾节长存在显著差异(P0.05),其他形态性状差异不显著(P0.05)。两个群体亲虾产卵量分别为(0.65±0.20)×104、(0.64±0.18)×104粒/体重(g),差异不显著(P0.05),但无节幼体量和孵化率差异显著(P0.05)。A群体产卵量与体型不显著相关(P0.05),亲虾产卵量(Y,×104粒)与体重(W,g)的回归方程:Y=0.010 3W1.0878(R2=0.410 3);B群体凡纳滨对虾亲虾体重与产卵量显著相关(P0.05),亲虾产卵量(Y,×104粒)与体重(W,g)的回归方程:Y=0.054 5W0.677 8(R2=0.522 8)。 相似文献
7.
罗氏沼虾生长性状的遗传参数及其相关性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对106个罗氏沼虾家系(包括32个半同胞家系)5月龄的5个生长性状进行测量。采用动物模型,把性别、雌虾出池时是否抱卵作为固定效应,并以日龄为协变量,借助DFREML方法估计头胸甲长、腹长、最后腹节长、体长和体重等性状的方差组分,进行遗传参数的估算。结果表明,5个生长性状的变异系数中体重的变异系数最大,为36.80;罗氏沼虾5月龄头胸甲长、腹长、最后腹节长、体长和体重的遗传力分别为0.06、0.07、0.02、0.07和0.07,生长性状的遗传力属低遗传力;5个生长性状的表型相关系数在0.398～0.910之间,遗传相关系数在0.35～1.0之间,其中头胸甲长与体长的遗传相关程度最高,遗传相关系数为1.0,体长与体重的遗传相关程度次之,遗传相关系数为0.98。本研究可为罗氏沼虾的进一步选育提高和杂交利用提供科学依据和理论参数。 相似文献
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9.
本研究基于转录组序列开发了37个SNP标记,并对22个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)家系进行了遗传多样性、家系聚类和亲子鉴定分析,探讨SNP标记在对虾家系选择育种中的应用途径。结果显示,37个SNP位点在凡纳滨对虾22个家系中的平均期望杂合度(He)和平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.38和0.34;平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.30,属于中度多态性(0.25相似文献
10.
基于凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) 40K SNP 芯片分型信息估计了低温波动条件下幼虾体重性状的遗传参数, 为凡纳滨对虾耐低温新品种的选育提供基础数据。利用来自 40 个家系的 4000 尾凡纳滨对虾幼虾, 通过地下井水降温的方式使养殖温度从 30 ℃骤降至 20 , 24 h ℃ 自然回温后稳定 4 d。该降温–回温–稳定过程重复 3 次, 继续养殖 15 d后进行体重和存活性状测试。与对照群体相比, 低温波动条件对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长影响显著(P＜0.05), 而对存活性状影响不显著(P＞0.05)。根据个体的系谱信息构建 A 矩阵; 利用 40K SNP 芯片对 159 尾家系亲本及其同胞个体进行 SNP 分型, 复合 SNP 信息和系谱信息构建 H 矩阵。基于 A 和 H 矩阵, 利用个体动物模型估计体重性状的方差组分和遗传参数。低温波动条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾基于 A 矩阵获得体重的遗传力为 0.37±0.07, 基于 H 矩阵获得体重的遗传力为 0.40±0.08, 为高遗传力水平。经交叉验证, 基于两种不同矩阵的预测准确性和偏差无明显差别。研究结果表明, 低温波动条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾的体重性状表现出丰富的遗传变异, 多代选育可能获得较大的遗传进展。 相似文献
11.
大口黑鲈家系早期形态性状的相关和主成分分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用17个大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)家系在4月龄和6月龄的生长数据,对大口黑鲈全长、体长、头长、尾柄长、体高和尾柄高6个性状进行相关分析和主成分分析。结果表明:6个形态性状之间均呈高表型正相关,其值在0.565~0.990之间;4月龄和6月龄全长对形态性状的贡献率分别为92.29%和86.40%,可作为大口黑鲈形态性状的选择指标;4月龄全长/体高和尾柄长/尾柄高对体型的贡献率分别为65.94%和34.06%,6月龄全长/体高和尾柄长/尾柄高的贡献率分别为69.08%和30.92%,这两个指标均可作为大口黑鲈体型的选择标准。另外,采用方差分析对大口黑鲈各家系的全长、绝对增长率、生长指标和体型指数进行比较,结果表明家系S07D07的生长表现为最优。 相似文献
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基于68个日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)全同胞家系,采用混合线性模型和约束极大似然法对日本囊对虾生长性状进行遗传参数的估计。结果表明:1)45日龄、75日龄体长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1545±0.0505、0.1933±0.0475,腹节长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1672±0.0473、0.1937±0.0468,体重性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1934±0.0439、0.1992±0.037,均为中等遗传力;2)不同日龄下日本囊对虾生长性状间的表型相关与遗传相关均为高度正相关,45日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.7121±0.0188、0.5147±0.0277、0.5052±0.0280,遗传相关为0.9896±0.00340、0.9304±0.0321、0.9429±0.0301,75日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.6710±0.0236、0.6555±0.0181、0.6534±0.0160,遗传相关为0.7637±0.0161,0.7479±0.0148,0.7177±0.0131。本研究表明对日本囊对虾生长性状进行选择是有效的,以体长、腹节长、体重任一性状作为指标进行选育均可达到生长改良的目的,本研究结果可为日本囊对虾的早期选择育种和多性状选择提供数据参考。 相似文献
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对从美国进口的选育凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)海南群体(进口亲虾繁育的第1世代,G1)、山东和饶平群体(G2)、湛江2和湛江3群体(G3)、湛江1和上海群体(G4)共7个养殖群体4个世代1150个个体的生长性状体长和体重进行了分析。7个群体的平均体长(范围)分别为14.76(13.25~15.99)、8.46(6.28~10.48)、9.24(4.28~10.70)、7.75(5.13~9.36)、11.38(8.13~14.12)、5.25(3.47~6.83)和7.14(4.14~9.00),变异系数分别为0.04、0.08、0.08、0.09、0.12、0.14、0.14,平均体重(范围)分别为33.41(24.33~39.74)、5.19(1.80~9.68)、6.95(3.18~11.34)、4.62(1.52~9.87)、15.03(6.00~26.96)、1.47(0.48~3.42)、3.29(0.49~6.20),变异系数分别为0.10、0.23、0.21、0.27、0.32、0.39、0.36。体长和体重的变异系数随着繁育世代的增加而增加,其中体重的变异系数每繁殖1代增加10%,其第1代的变异系数与美国选育的亲本群体相同。体长、体重相关与回归分析表明,体长与体重相关极显著(P<0.01),体长和体重的回归方程为W=0.01L2.93。表明随着繁育世代的增加,生长性状逐代分化。 相似文献
14.
铜仁锦江日本沼虾形态性状对体重的回归分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随机抽取贵州铜仁锦江河段的日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)46尾(雌雄各50%),对其体长、头胸甲长、胸高、胸宽、尾长、额剑上刺数、额剑下刺数和体重等16个性状进行测量。采用逐步回归法分析体重与形态性状的关系。结果表明,日本沼虾群体的3个性状、雌性群体的1个性状、雄性群体的2性状与体重的相关系数达到了极显著水平(P0.01)或显著水平(P0.05),是影响体重的主要指标;影响雄性群体体重的主要形态性状为头胸甲长和头胸甲高,影响雌性群体体重的主要形态性状为体长,建立的最优多元回归方程也显著不同,Y=-3.368+0.114X2-0.009X4+0.172X11,Y♀=-1.921+0.086X2,Y♂=-3.178+0.120X3+0.243X5(Y为体重,X2为体长,X3为头胸甲长,X4为头胸甲宽,X5为头胸甲高,X11尾肢宽外);逐步回归法分析为日本沼虾的选种和育种提供理想的测度指标与参考模型。 相似文献
15.
Martin Kocour Stphane Mauger Marek Rodina David Gela Otomar Linhart Marc Vandeputte 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):43-50
Heritability estimates with a microsatellite parentage assignment based pedigree are of special interest in common carp cultured under traditional pond conditions. This method reduces common environment effects as all families can be grown immediately after hatching mixed in the same pond. We applied this method to study genetics of growth and processing traits in common carp at market size (1.5 kg and more). The experimental progeny was established by crossing 147 two-year old males and 8 females (six to eight-year old) of Hungarian synthetic mirror carp population. The fish grew up through three vegetation seasons and at the end a sample of 331 fish was examined for biometrical traits (standard length, body weight, relative head length, relative body height, relative body width), percent fat and processing traits (% processed body, % fillets with skin, % fillets without skin). It was shown that sex had a significant effect on most traits: females were larger and fatter than males, and they had both higher percent processed body and percent fillet with skin. Standard length, body weight, percent fat and relative head length had a high heritability (> 0.5), while relative body height, relative body width, percent processed body and fillet yields had a medium heritability (0.2–0.5). We found relatively high positive genetic correlations between body size (standard length and body weight) and percent fat (0.71 and 0.59, respectively), favourable genetic correlations between body size and percent processed body (0.69 for standard length and 0.74 for body weight) and between body size and fillet yields (0.50–0.77). Genetic correlations between body size and body shape (relative head length, relative body height and relative body width) were weak to moderate, thus selection for better growth should have little impact towards more rotund shape. Relative head length had strong negative correlation (− 0.7 to − 0.9) with percent fat, percent processed body and percent fillet yields. This means that indirect selection for reduced relative head length should be effective in improving of fillet yield. 相似文献
16.
A captive population of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) replicated in two environments was evaluated for genetic variability and covariability of size traits. A total of 37 full‐sib families, each with an average of 16–20 individuals within family, were used for the analysis. There was no family by environment interaction for any of the traits. However, both fixed effects, sex and environment, were significant. The shrimp grown in environment ‘B’ (Sinaloa) grew larger and heavier than those grown in environment ‘A’ (La Paz), possibly because of the higher temperatures and lower densities in the first one during grow‐out. The females were significantly larger than the males for all traits, except for abdominal (tail) length and weight. The heritabilities, estimated through MTDFREML (multiple‐trait derivative‐free restricted maximum likelihood) after introducing environment and sex as fixed effects, were total length 0.22±0.07, abdominal length 0.23±0.07, cephalothorax length 0.17±0.06, total weight 0.17±0.06, abdominal weight 0.18±0.06, cephalothorax weight 0.15±0.06, and width of the first abdominal segment (0.14±0.05). Genetic correlations (rg) were high between the length and weight (total and abdominal), but lower for cephalothorax weight or length with the other traits. The width of the first abdominal segment correlations with other traits was intermediate. 相似文献
17.
Brian G. Bosworth George S. Libey David R. Notter 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1998,29(1):40-50
Relationships among total weight (W), and linear measures of body shape, visceral component weights, and fillet weight (Y) in market-size (>454 g) palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis female ×M. chrysops male, N= 138) and paradise bass (M. saxatilis female ×M. mississippiensis male, N= 134) were determined with the allometric equation: Y = aWb. Allometric analysis was used to compare traits of palmetto bass and paradise bass, and to identify factors influencing fillet yield. Paradise bass, an all female hybrid, had deeper, thicker, shorter bodies, and smaller heads than palmetto bass females. Male and female palmetto bass had similar body shapes. Values of growth coefficients (b) for body shape traits (range 0.21–0.48) indicated that shape was proportional across the weight range of fish used. Mean visceral fat and ovary weight were higher in paradise bass than in palmetto bass females suggesting the reproductive cycle was more advanced in paradise bass females. Whole fillet (skin and ribs intact) and skinless fillet (ribs intact) were larger for paradise bass than for palmetto bass, but trimmed fillet (skin and ribs removed) was not different between fish. Relative increases of whole and skinless fillet weights were greater than total weight in both groups indicating that the percentage of body mass attributed to fillet increases slightly as total weight increases. Therefore, small increases in fillet yield can be achieved by rearing fish to a larger size. Stepwise regression of whole, skinless, and trimmed fillet weight on body shape traits resulted in three parameter models with r2-values of 0.27–0.29 in palmetto bass, and of 0.37–0.43 in paradise bass. Addition of visceral components as independent variables in the models increased r2-values to 0.31–0.36 for palmetto bass and to 0.45–0.52 for paradise bass. Low phenotypic variation in fillet yield (CV = 3–5%) and poor predictability of yield from measures taken on live fish limit the potential for improving yield through individual selection. Identification of superior species or strain crosses or rearing fish to a larger size appear to be the best strategies for improving fillet yield of Morone hybrids. 相似文献
18.
Quantitative genetic properties of four measures of deformity in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833 
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下载免费PDF全文 The main aim of this study was to estimate the heritability for four measures of deformity and their genetic associations with growth (body weight and length), carcass (fillet weight and yield) and flesh‐quality (fillet fat content) traits in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. The observed major deformities included lower jaw, nasal erosion, deformed operculum and skinny fish on 480 individuals from 22 families at Clean Seas Tuna Ltd. They were typically recorded as binary traits (presence or absence) and were analysed separately by both threshold generalized models and standard animal mixed models. Consistency of the models was evaluated by calculating simple Pearson correlation of breeding values of full‐sib families for jaw deformity. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among traits were estimated using a multitrait linear mixed model in ASReml. Both threshold and linear mixed model analysis showed that there is additive genetic variation in the four measures of deformity, with the estimates of heritability obtained from the former (threshold) models on liability scale ranging from 0.14 to 0.66 (SE 0.32–0.56) and from the latter (linear animal and sire) models on original (observed) scale, 0.01–0.23 (SE 0.03–0.16). When the estimates on the underlying liability were transformed to the observed scale (0, 1), they were generally consistent between threshold and linear mixed models. Phenotypic correlations among deformity traits were weak (close to zero). The genetic correlations among deformity traits were not significantly different from zero. Body weight and fillet carcass showed significant positive genetic correlations with jaw deformity (0.75 and 0.95, respectively). Genetic correlation between body weight and operculum was negative (?0.51, P < 0.05). The genetic correlations' estimates of body and carcass traits with other deformity were not significant due to their relatively high standard errors. Our results showed that there are prospects for genetic selection to improve deformity in yellowtail kingfish and that measures of deformity should be included in the recording scheme, breeding objectives and selection index in practical selective breeding programmes due to the antagonistic genetic correlations of deformed jaws with body and carcass performance. 相似文献