共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Hetz C Bernasconi P Fisher J Lee AH Bassik MC Antonsson B Brandt GS Iwakoshi NN Schinzel A Glimcher LH Korsmeyer SJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5773):572-576
Accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers an adaptive stress response-termed the unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated by the ER transmembrane protein kinase and endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme-1alpha (IRE1alpha). We investigated UPR signaling events in mice in the absence of the proapoptotic BCL-2 family members BAX and BAK [double knockout (DKO)]. DKO mice responded abnormally to tunicamycin-induced ER stress in the liver, with extensive tissue damage and decreased expression of the IRE1 substrate X-box-binding protein 1 and its target genes. ER-stressed DKO cells showed deficient IRE1alpha signaling. BAX and BAK formed a protein complex with the cytosolic domain of IRE1alpha that was essential for IRE1alpha activation. Thus, BAX and BAK function at the ER membrane to activate IRE1alpha signaling and to provide a physical link between members of the core apoptotic pathway and the UPR. 相似文献
2.
Lin JH Li H Yasumura D Cohen HR Zhang C Panning B Shokat KM Lavail MM Walter P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5852):944-949
3.
The vast majority of proteins that a cell secretes or displays on its surface first enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they fold and assemble. Only properly assembled proteins advance from the ER to the cell surface. To ascertain fidelity in protein folding, cells regulate the protein-folding capacity in the ER according to need. The ER responds to the burden of unfolded proteins in its lumen (ER stress) by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Together, at least three mechanistically distinct branches of the UPR regulate the expression of numerous genes that maintain homeostasis in the ER or induce apoptosis if ER stress remains unmitigated. Recent advances shed light on mechanistic complexities and on the role of the UPR in numerous diseases. 相似文献
4.
概述了蛋白质品质管理中涉及的分子伴侣、激发未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response, UPR)和内质网相关性蛋白质降解途径(ER-associated degradation, ERAD)等的研究进展,并探讨了该领域存在的问题以及发展前景。指出蛋白质的生命过程经历生成、折叠、组装和降解,每个过程都有严格控制。内质网中,各种蛋白质合成、折叠并经修饰形成具有一定构象的功能性蛋白。其在内质网折叠受阻碍时,未折叠的蛋白聚集,激发 UPR,使一系列分子伴侣和蛋白质折叠所需修饰酶类表达上调,帮助其完成折叠和装配。如果这些蛋白仍不能正确折叠,则进入 ERAD 被降解。 相似文献
5.
概述了蛋白质品质管理中涉及的分子伴侣、激发未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)和内质网相关性蛋白质降解途径(ER-associated degradation,ERAD)等的研究进展,并探讨了该领域存在的问题以及发展前景。指出蛋白质的生命过程经历生成、折叠、组装和降解,每个过程都有严格控制。内质网中,各种蛋白质合成、折叠并经修饰形成具有一定构象的功能性蛋白。其在内质网折叠受阻碍时,未折叠的蛋白聚集,激发UPR,使一系列分子伴侣和蛋白质折叠所需修饰酶类表达上调,帮助其完成折叠和装配。如果这些蛋白仍不能正确折叠,则进入ERAD被降解。 相似文献
6.
Coupling of stress in the ER to activation of JNK protein kinases by transmembrane protein kinase IRE1 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Urano F Wang X Bertolotti A Zhang Y Chung P Harding HP Ron D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5453):664-666
Malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce cellular stress and activate c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs or SAPKs). Mammalian homologs of yeast IRE1, which activate chaperone genes in response to ER stress, also activated JNK, and IRE1alpha-/- fibroblasts were impaired in JNK activation by ER stress. The cytoplasmic part of IRE1 bound TRAF2, an adaptor protein that couples plasma membrane receptors to JNK activation. Dominant-negative TRAF2 inhibited activation of JNK by IRE1. Activation of JNK by endogenous signals initiated in the ER proceeds by a pathway similar to that initiated by cell surface receptors in response to extracellular signals. 相似文献
7.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) detects the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and adjusts the protein-folding capacity to the needs of the cell. Under conditions of ER stress, the transmembrane protein Ire1 oligomerizes to activate its cytoplasmic kinase and ribonuclease domains. It is unclear what feature of ER stress Ire1 detects. We found that the core ER-lumenal domain (cLD) of yeast Ire1 binds to unfolded proteins in yeast cells and to peptides primarily composed of basic and hydrophobic residues in vitro. Mutation of amino acid side chains exposed in a putative peptide-binding groove of Ire1 cLD impaired peptide binding. Peptide binding caused Ire1 cLD oligomerization in vitro, suggesting that direct binding to unfolded proteins activates the UPR. 相似文献
8.
The mechanisms that determine how folding attempts are interrupted to target folding-incompetent proteins for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) are poorly defined. Here the alpha-mannosidase I-like protein EDEM was shown to extract misfolded glycoproteins, but not glycoproteins undergoing productive folding, from the calnexin cycle. EDEM overexpression resulted in faster release of folding-incompetent proteins from the calnexin cycle and earlier onset of degradation, whereas EDEM down-regulation prolonged folding attempts and delayed ERAD. Up-regulation of EDEM during ER stress may promote cell recovery by clearing the calnexin cycle and by accelerating ERAD of terminally misfolded polypeptides. 相似文献
9.
Some nascent proteins that fold within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) never reach their native state. Misfolded proteins are removed from the folding machinery, dislocated from the ER into the cytosol, and degraded in a series of pathways collectively referred to as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Distinct ERAD pathways centered on different E3 ubiquitin ligases survey the range of potential substrates. We now know many of the components of the ERAD machinery and pathways used to detect substrates and target them for degradation. Much less is known about the features used to identify terminally misfolded conformations and the broader role of these pathways in regulating protein half-lives. 相似文献
10.
The unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum, has been implicated in the normal physiology of immune defense and in several human diseases, including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and inflammatory disease. In this study, we found that the nervous system controlled the activity of a noncanonical UPR pathway required for innate immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans. OCTR-1, a putative octopamine G protein-coupled catecholamine receptor (GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor), functioned in sensory neurons designated ASH and ASI to actively suppress innate immune responses by down-regulating the expression of noncanonical UPR genes pqn/abu in nonneuronal tissues. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which the nervous system may sense inflammatory responses and respond by controlling stress-response pathways at the organismal level. 相似文献
11.
Terminally misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are retrotranslocated to the cytoplasm and degraded by proteasomes through a mechanism known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). EDEM, a postulated Man8B-binding protein, accelerates the degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Here, EDEM was shown to interact with calnexin, but not with calreticulin, through its transmembrane region. Both binding of substrates to calnexin and their release from calnexin were required for ERAD to occur. Overexpression of EDEM accelerated ERAD by promoting the release of terminally misfolded proteins from calnexin. Thus, EDEM appeared to function in the ERAD pathway by accepting substrates from calnexin. 相似文献
12.
Ushioda R Hoseki J Araki K Jansen G Thomas DY Nagata K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5888):569-572
Membrane and secretory proteins cotranslationally enter and are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Misfolded or unassembled proteins are discarded by a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which involves their retrotranslocation into the cytosol. ERAD substrates frequently contain disulfide bonds that must be cleaved before their retrotranslocation. Here, we found that an ER-resident protein ERdj5 had a reductase activity, cleaved the disulfide bonds of misfolded proteins, and accelerated ERAD through its physical and functional associations with EDEM (ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein) and an ER-resident chaperone BiP. Thus, ERdj5 is a member of a supramolecular ERAD complex that recognizes and unfolds misfolded proteins for their efficient retrotranslocation. 相似文献
13.
【目的】在植物中,内质网胁迫（endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS）和未折叠蛋白应答（unfolded protein response,UPR）参与环境胁迫响应过程,然而,玉米种子老化过程中内质网胁迫相关基因表达情况尚未见报道。文章利用基因数字表达谱技术探究玉米种子老化过程中内质网胁迫相关基因表达规律,以期为揭示种子衰老的分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米杂交种郑单958种子为材料,采用高温（45℃）高湿（相对湿度100%）的方法进行人工老化处理。分别提取未老化处理（对照）和老化处理3 d的玉米种胚总RNA,利用Illumina HiSeqTM 2000平台进行高通量测序。去除原始数据中的接头序列、包含模糊碱基的序列以及低质量序列,获得Clean reads,利用短序列比对软件SOAPaligner/ SOAP2将Clean Reads分别比对到玉米参考基因组和参考基因序列,采用RPKM（reads per kb per million reads）方法计算基因的表达量,根据FDR（false discovery rate）＜0.001和|log2 ratio(T/CK)|≥1的标准筛选差异表达的基因,对获得的差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes,DEGs）进行KEGG（kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes）数据库功能注释分析,筛选出响应人工老化的内质网胁迫相关差异表达基因。利用qRT-PCR技术定量分析内质网胁迫相关基因在不同人工老化时间内的表达特性。【结果】基因数字表达谱鉴定结果表明,有104个差异表达基因在人工老化过程中参与内质网蛋白质加工（protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum）通路,其中内质网胁迫相关基因有97个（81个上调表达,16个下调表达）。对差异表达基因功能注释分析表明,内质网胁迫的标志性蛋白基因BiP以及分子伴侣蛋白基因CRT、CNT和GRP94等显著上调表达。参与内质网相关性降解（endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation,ERAD）途径的有83个差异表达基因（70个上调,13个下调）,其中启动ERAD途径的关键酶基因EDEM （ER degradation enhancing mannosidase I-like protein）下调,参与蛋白泛素化的E2泛素结合酶基因UbcH5、E3泛素连接酶基因Hrd1和Doa10等也发生显著的表达变化。qRT-PCR结果表明,内质网胁迫相关基因在不同人工老化时间内表现表达多样性和复杂性。【结论】人工老化处理能造成玉米种胚细胞发生内质网胁迫。细胞通过上调分子伴侣基因表达和诱导ERAD途径响应内质网胁迫,但ERAD途径受阻可能引起错误折叠蛋白聚集,从而进一步加剧细胞损伤,最终导致种子活力降低甚至丧失。 相似文献
14.
为探究葡萄糖调节蛋白94(GRP94)对伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)增殖的影响,以及GRP94与PRV结构蛋白之间的相互作用。利用慢病毒转染构建GRP94基因过表达的BHK-21细胞,以及CRISPR/Cas9技术构建GRP94基因敲除的BHK-21细胞,检测PRV感染不同细胞的增殖水平,比较内质网应激相关蛋白表达水平,探索GRP94与PRV结构蛋白之间的互作关系。结果表明,GRP94基因过表达细胞株显著有利于PRV增殖,而GRP94基因缺失细胞株对PRV增殖无显著影响。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,在GRP94基因缺失细胞株中,GRP78表达水平显著上调。免疫共沉淀结果表明,GRP94与gB、gD、gL具有相互作用。GRP94基因过表达有利于PRV增殖,检测未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response, UPR)相关蛋白,研究GRP94在病毒增殖过程中的具体作用,可为PRV与内质网应激提供分子方面的研究基础,于对抗PRV病毒的感染具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
Gidalevitz T Ben-Zvi A Ho KH Brignull HR Morimoto RI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5766):1471-1474
Numerous human diseases are associated with the chronic expression of misfolded and aggregation-prone proteins. The expansion of polyglutamine residues in unrelated proteins is associated with the early onset of neurodegenerative disease. To understand how the presence of misfolded proteins leads to cellular dysfunction, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans polyglutamine aggregation models. Here, we find that polyglutamine expansions disrupted the global balance of protein folding quality control, resulting in the loss of function of diverse metastable proteins with destabilizing temperature-sensitive mutations. In turn, these proteins, although innocuous under normal physiological conditions, enhanced the aggregation of polyglutamine proteins. Thus, weak folding mutations throughout the genome can function as modifiers of polyglutamine phenotypes and toxicity. 相似文献
16.
【目的】bZIP类转录因子参与植物的生长发育、激素信号、抗病性及抗逆性等多种生物胁迫过程。前期研究表明黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)或烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)侵染本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)上调内质网应激（endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERs）因子NbbZIP28;NbbZIP28沉默导致病毒积累量上升,本研究旨在验证NbbZIP28对病毒侵染胁迫的响应机制。【方法】通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术和烟草遗传转染创建NbbZIP28基因突变植株,以野生型植株为对照,分别浸润接种侵染性克隆TMV-GFP、摩擦接种TMV-GFP或CMV接种液,检测突变体植株对病毒侵染胁迫的敏感性变化,接种CMV后0-48 h,采用qRT-PCR检测内质网应激相关的未折叠蛋白反应（unfolded protein response,UPR)基因的表达。本氏烟接种TMV 24 h、接种CMV 48 h后,在接种叶上浸润融合蛋白NbbZIP28-GFP,瞬时表达48 h后,采用Western blot检测病毒诱导NbbZIP28蛋白的水解激活;采用在线搜索工具PlantCARE分析NbbZIP28启动子区域中参与防卫和应激反应的顺式作用元件。【结果】CRISPR/Cas9定点敲除NbbZIP28后,目的基因靶位点缺失了10个碱基,导致翻译错误、蛋白功能变化。在正常生长条件下,转基因阳性植株与野生型无显著的表型差异。植株接种TMV-GFP后4-8 d,突变体中的病毒浸润斑亮度或初侵染点数目均显著高于野生型,扩展至新叶的速度较快。接种CMV后12-48 h,突变体中UPR相关基因BiP、PDI、CAM及NbbZIP28下游基因NF-YC2的表达量显著低于野生型;5-7 d突变体中的病毒外壳蛋白（coat protein,CP）基因表达量显著高于野生型,花叶及皱缩症状更显著。蛋白质序列比对分析显示NbbZIP28具有与拟南芥AtbZIP28相同的S1P和S2P蛋白酶水解位点。Western blot检测发现,与接种清水对照相比,TMV或CMV侵染显著促进了全长的融合蛋白NbbZIP28-GFP在S1P和S2P位点发生裂解。NbbZIP28启动子序列中包含5个参与热应激反应的顺式作用元件（heat stress response element,HSE）、3个参与低温反应的顺式作用元件（low temperature response element,LTR）、1个参与防卫和应激反应的顺式作用元件（TC-rich repeats）。【结论】病毒侵染促进NbbZIP28的水解激活并上调相关的UPR基因;NbbZIP28敲除导致植株对病毒的敏感性上升,病毒诱导的UPR基因表达被抑制。NbbZIP28为病毒侵染胁迫下的UPR调控因子,在病毒侵染早期通过上调UPR信号和提高寄主基础防卫反应而延缓病毒的侵染和增殖。 相似文献
17.
Binding of a cytosolic protein to the iron-responsive element of human ferritin messenger RNA 总被引：64，自引：0，他引：64
T A Rouault M W Hentze S W Caughman J B Harford R D Klausner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,241(4870):1207-1210
The human ferritin H chain messenger RNA contains a specific iron-responsive element (IRE) in its 5' untranslated region, which mediates regulation by iron of ferritin translation. An RNA gel retardation assay was used to demonstrate the affinity of a specific cytosolic binding protein for the IRE. A single-base deletion in the IRE eliminated both the interaction of the cytoplasmic protein with the IRE and translational regulation. Thus, the regulatory potential of the IRE correlates with its capacity to specifically interact with proteins. Titration curves of binding activity after treatment of cells with an iron chelator suggest that the factor acts as a repressor of ferritin translation. 相似文献
18.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports disulfide bond formation by a poorly understood mechanism requiring protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and ERO1. In yeast, Ero1p-mediated oxidative folding was shown to depend on cellular flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) levels but not on ubiquinone or heme, and Ero1p was shown to be a FAD-binding protein. We reconstituted efficient oxidative folding in vitro using FAD, PDI, and Ero1p. Disulfide formation proceeded by direct delivery of oxidizing equivalents from Ero1p to folding substrates via PDI. This kinetic shuttling of oxidizing equivalents could allow the ER to support rapid disulfide formation while maintaining the ability to reduce and rearrange incorrect disulfide bonds. 相似文献
19.
20.
Nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome and not yet folded may at least transiently present degradation signals similar to those recognized by the ubiquitin system in misfolded proteins. The ubiquitin sandwich technique was used to detect and measure cotranslational protein degradation in living cells. More than 50 percent of nascent protein molecules bearing an amino-terminal degradation signal can be degraded cotranslationally, never reaching their mature size before their destruction by processive proteolysis. Thus, the folding of nascent proteins, including abnormal ones, may be in kinetic competition with pathways that target these proteins for degradation cotranslationally. 相似文献