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植物抗渗透胁迫基因工程研究进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
渗透胁迫是影响作物生长、发育和产量最严重的非生物胁迫之一。长期以来,改善作物对渗透胁迫的抗性一直是育种学家们努力的目标。然而,由于渗透胁迫反应是一个极为复杂的过程,通过传统育种取得的成功非常有限。近年来,由于分子生物学的发展,渗透胁迫相关基因的不断发现,人们对植物抗渗透胁迫的分子机理有了更为深入的了解,为植物抗渗透胁迫基因工程奠定了基础。通过渗透胁迫相关基因在植物体内的表达,已获得了一些渗透胁迫抗性提高的转基因植物,展示了诱人的前景。文章对该领域的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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甜菜碱是甘氨酸的三甲基衍生物,是广泛存在于动植物体内的一种代谢产物。在植物体内甜菜碱被合成和积蓄作为渗透压保护剂,用以缓解高盐、高温应激。在动物体内甜菜碱是由胆碱氧化而来或者由食物中摄取。甜菜碱具有两极两性离子特征,因此具有渗透压保护特性。在发生腹泻、球虫病的猪、禽饲料中添加甜菜碱,具有缓解肠道渗透压激变的效果。研究表明,日粮中添加甜菜碱可以提高某些养分的吸收利用率,并能改善胴体品质。 相似文献
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拟南芥脱水诱导早期应答基因研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ERD(脱水诱导早期应答基因)是可以快速应答干旱反应的基因,最早是在拟南芥脱水诱导1 h获得的。目前,在拟南芥中获得16个ERD基因,它们属于不同的基因家族,作用于不同的代谢途径,通过不同的方式增强拟南芥的抗旱性,除了具有快速应答干旱胁迫的特征,还具有应答冷、盐、衰老、ABA等多种逆境胁迫信号的特征。研究这些基因有助于了解拟南芥的抗旱机制。目前对ERD基因的诱导表达和转录调节研究的比较清楚,但是对其中多数基因的作用机制还没有深入研究。本文综述拟南芥脱水诱导早期应答基因的研究现状和研究意义。 相似文献
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Interactive effect of shade and PEG-induced osmotic stress on physiological responses of soybean seedlings 
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下载免费PDF全文 Muhammad Ahsan ASGHAR JIANG Heng-ke SHUI Zhao-wei CAO Xi-yu HUANG Xi-yu Shakeel IMRAN Bushra AHMAD ZHANG Hao YANG Yue-ning SHANG Jing YANG Hui YU Liang LIU Chun-yan YANG Wen-yu SUN Xin DU Jun-bo 《农业科学学报》2021,20(9):2382-2394
Intensively farmed crops used to experience numerous environmental stresses. Among these, shade and drought significantly influence the morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of plants. However, the interactive effect of shade and drought on the growth and development of soybean under dense cropping systems has not been reported yet. This study investigated the interactive effect of PEG-induced osmotic stress and shade on soybean seedlings. The soybean cultivar viz., C-103 was subjected to PEG-induced osmotic stress from polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000) under shading and non-shading conditions. PEG-induced osmotic stress significantly reduced the relative water contents, morphological parameters, carbohydrates and chlorophyll contents under both light environments. A significant increase was observed in osmoprotectants, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in soybean seedlings. Henceforth, the findings revealed that, seedlings grown under non-shading conditions produced more malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents as compared to the shade-treated plants when subjected to PEG-induced osmotic stress. Likewise, the shaded plants accumulated more sugars and proline than non-shaded ones under drought stress. Moreover, it was found that nonshaded grown plants were more sensitive to PEG-induced osmotic stress than those exposed to shading conditions, which suggested that shade could boost the protective mechanisms against osmotic stress or at least would not exaggerate the adverse effects of PEG-induced osmotic stress in soybean seedlings. 相似文献
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茉莉酸信号传导在植物抗逆性方面研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)作为一种重要的新型植物内源激素广泛参与调控植物防御反应和形态发育相关的多种生物学过程。近年来,越来越多的研究发现茉莉酸在调控植物发育和渗透胁迫应答等方面发挥着重要作用。从茉莉酸信号传导途径中的关键节点基因对根、气孔的发育以及对光合作用的影响阐述了该信号途径在植物抗逆性方面的最新研究进展,从而为全面认识茉莉酸及其信号途径在植物抗旱、耐盐碱方面所发挥的作用提供参考。 相似文献
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以有性繁殖1年龄艾纳香幼苗为研究对象,研究其水分胁迫响应机理,寻求艾纳香生长最佳栽培条件。于2014年5月开始为期4个月四梯度干旱处理试验,对不同水分胁迫下艾纳香生理指标分析。结果表明,对照组艾纳香长势最好;轻度干旱胁迫下,缺水对艾纳香影响不显著,丙二醛含量虽少量增加,但植株最大程度利用有限水分,通过降低叶绿素、可溶性淀粉含量,增加可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量,适当增加抗氧化酶活性,增强根系活力等方式对抗轻度缺水。中度和重度胁迫下,植物细胞受损,丙二醛含量增加,根系活力减弱,植株生长缓慢,艾纳香通过可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉等渗透物质增加维持细胞渗透势平衡,降低水分胁迫造成的细胞受损,通过抗氧化酶清除过氧化氢等有害物质保持细胞活性。中度干旱胁迫下,植株虽可生长,但长势不良;重度胁迫下,艾纳香叶片掉落甚至植株死亡。夏季艾纳香幼苗管理应保证水分供应充足。 相似文献
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硅提高植物耐旱性研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
硅对植物的生长发育及耐旱性有着重要作用,干旱胁迫会引起植物失水,抑制植物光合作用和正
常生长发育、进而降低作物产量,严重威胁粮食安全。虽然硅一直不被认为是植物必需元素,但有许多研究证明,
植物吸收硅后能够缓解各种逆境胁迫。系统总结了硅对干旱胁迫下植物生长发育、光合作用、渗透调节、抗氧
化调节等方面的国内外研究现状。研究表明,外源硅能够促进相关渗透调节物质的合成,缓解干旱引起的渗透
胁迫,还能提高相关抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量抵御氧化胁迫,从而提高植物耐旱性。但有关硅调控植物
耐旱性,目前在生理层面研究较多,有关硅是通过何种途径调控干旱胁迫下植物渗透物质合成以及各种抗氧化
酶活性的分子机理还不清楚,这方面可作为重点进一步研究。 相似文献
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V. K. Chebotar A. V. Shcherbakov S. N. Maslennikova A. N. Zaplatkin A. V. Kanarskiy A. A. Zavalin 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(5):339-342
The literature review focuses on endophytic bacteria inhabiting woody plants. Endophytic bacteria for genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Burkholderia, and Erwina are shown to be found in almost all woody tissues. In additional, endophytic bacteria have been found in reproductive plant organs. It is shown that endophytic bacteria have functional properties that are useful for host plants: the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, produce growth simulating and biocontrol substances, and to induce systemic resistane of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Endophytic bacteria are a major part of the microbiome of woody plants, possess valuable functional properties of host plants, and are a promising biotechnological resource for the development of complex microbial preparations for agriculture and forestry. 相似文献
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【目的】Remorin蛋白是广泛存在于苔藓、裸子和被子植物中的蛋白家族,在调控植物生长发育及生物胁迫反应方面具有重要作用,但有关remorin抵御非生物胁迫作用机制的研究较少。前期研究发现抗逆树种胡杨的remorin 6.5(REM6.5)可通过增强质膜质子泵活性提高植物耐盐性,在此基础上,本文研究了胡杨PeREM6.5在植物耐受水分胁迫中的作用,旨在进一步揭示植物抗旱的生理与分子机制。【方法】以过表达PeREM6.5拟南芥（OE1和OE2）、野生型（WT）和转空载体对照（VC）拟南芥为试验材料,对各基因型拟南芥进行水分胁迫处理（包括渗透胁迫和土壤干旱）以及复水处理,从生理生化及分子生物学角度研究了胡杨PeREM6.5在拟南芥干旱胁迫中的响应机制。【结果】甘露醇处理后,过表达PeREM6.5拟南芥的存活率、根长显著高于WT和VC,并且在渗透胁迫下细胞膜受损程度较小,这些表型差异主要与转基因拟南芥水分吸收、抗氧化防御能力增强有关。甘露醇处理后,过表达PeREM6.5拟南芥水通道基因AtPIP1;2和AtPIP2;1的表达量提高。甘露醇处理诱导WT和VC根细胞积累H2O2,对细胞膜造成氧化... 相似文献
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St Schell J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,237(4819):1176-1183
Transgenic plants are generated in nature by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a pathogen that produces disease through the transfer of some of its own DNA into susceptible plants. The genes are carried on a plasmid. Much has been learned about how the plasmid is transferred, how the plasmid-borne genes are organized, regulated, and expressed, and how the bacteria's pathogenic effects are produced. The A. tumefaciens plasmid has been manipulated for use as a general vector for the transfer of specific segments of foreign DNA of interest (from plants and other sources) into plants; the activities of various genes and their regulation by enhancer and silencer sequences have been assessed. Future uses of the vector (or others like it that have different host ranges) by the agriculture industry are expected to aid in moving into vulnerable plants specific genes that will protect them from such killers as nonselective herbicides, insects, and viruses. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2016,(11)
Plants maintain water balance by varying hydraulic properties, and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs) may be involved in this process. Leaf xylem and root hydraulic conductivity and the m RNA contents of four highly expressed Zm PIP genes(Zm PIP1;1, Zm PIP1;2, Zm PIP2;2, and Zm PIP2;5) in maize(Zea mays) seedlings were investigated. Under well-watered conditions, leaf hydraulic conductivity(K_(leaf)) varied diurnally and was correlated with whole-plant hydraulic conductivity. Similar diurnal rhythms of leaf transpiration rate(E), K_(leaf) and root hydraulic conductivity(K_(root)) in well-watered plants are important for maintaining whole-plant water balance. After 2 h of osmotic stress treatment induced by 10% polyethylene glycol 6000, the K_(root) of stressed plants decreased but K_(leaf) increased, compared with well-watered plants. The m RNA contents of four Zm PIPs were significantly up-regulated in the leaves of stressed plants, especially for Zm PIP1;2. Meanwhile, Zm PIP2;5 was significantly down-regulated in the roots of stressed plants. After 4 h of osmotic stress treatment, the E and leaf xylem water potentials of stressed plants unexpectedly increased. The increase in K_(leaf) and a partial recovery of K_(root) may have contributed to this process. The m RNA content of Zm PIP1;2 but not of the other three genes was up-regulated in roots at this time. In summary, the m RNA contents of these four Zm PIPs associated with K_(leaf) and K_(root) change in maize seedlings during short-term osmotic stress, especially for Zm PIP1;2 and Zm PIP2;5, which may help to further reveal the hydraulic resistance adjustment role of Zm PIPs. 相似文献
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植物干旱胁迫响应机制研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
干旱是限制植物生长的重要因素,会诱导植物产生渗透失衡、膜系统损伤、呼吸与光合速率降低等不良反应,不仅妨碍植物各阶段的生长代谢,还影响农作物的高质高产。在与外部环境的互作过程中,植物会产生干旱响应,如通过根系和叶片结构、代谢物质成分的改变以及抗旱基因的表达来抵御干旱胁迫。从表型水平、生理水平和分子水平阐述了植物干旱胁迫响应的研究进展。其中,植物表型水平的干旱胁迫响应主要体现在根系和叶片的结构改变,而植物生理水平的干旱胁迫响应主要体现在光合作用、渗透调节代谢、抗氧化代谢和激素物质等方面,详细阐述了植物干旱胁迫响应的分子机制及参与其中的调节基因和功能基因,对研究中存在的问题进行了讨论,展望了植物干旱胁迫响应的研究前景。 相似文献
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高必达 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(6)
综合评述了近５年世界各国在植物抗病基因工程方面取得的进展．包括转植物病毒基因组成分（ＣＰ基因、复制酶基因、反义ＲＮＡ及ｓａｔＲＮＡ）、转核酶基因和转植物抗生物质编码基因的抗病毒病植株；转病原细菌解毒基因、转抗菌肽基因和转溶菌酶基因的抗细菌病植株；转几丁质酶基因、转葡聚糖酶基因、转ＲＩＰ基因、转芪合成酶基因的抗真菌病植株等研究所取得的成果． 相似文献
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脯氨酸是植物体内普遍存在的保护物质.作为一种有机溶剂,许多植物在低温胁迫下,体内的游离脯氨酸含量都增加.脯氨酸对植物抗寒的作用机理主要是:作为渗透调节物质、保护蛋白质分子、作为活性氧的清除剂、低温胁迫结束后可作为能源物质(或碳源)和氮源.笔者主要综述了低温胁迫下植物体内脯氨酸代谢的调节,脯氨酸积累作为抗寒指标的应用,转化脯氨酸代谢相关基因提高植物抗寒力方面取得的进展,以及脯氨酸类似物在抗寒育种中的作用. 相似文献
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