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以7年生骏枣为材料，开展枣园地面不同覆盖方式（秸秆覆盖、园艺地布覆盖、塑料薄膜覆盖及自然生草）及清耕对骏枣果实品质影响的研究，以筛选适宜枣园的最佳土壤地面覆盖模式。结果表明：与清耕相比，秸秆覆盖、园艺地布覆盖、塑料薄膜覆盖、自然生草4种土壤覆盖方式处理的骏枣果实维生素C含量、淀粉含量、糖酸比均显著提升，可滴定酸含量均显著降低；园艺地布覆盖、塑料薄膜覆盖处理的骏枣果实的单果重显著提升；秸秆覆盖、园艺地布覆盖处理的骏枣果实蛋白质含量显著提升；塑料薄膜覆盖、自然生草处理的骏枣果实可溶性糖含量显著提升。通过综合比较4种不同的土壤覆盖方式对骏枣果实内外在品质的影响，其覆盖效果从优到差分别为园艺地布覆盖、自然生草、秸秆覆盖、塑料薄膜覆盖。 相似文献
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地面覆盖对苹果树体生长和果实品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】揭示苹果树叶片光合参数、树体生长量和果实品质对不同覆盖物的差异性反应,为苹果园地面管理覆盖物的合理选择提供参考依据。【方法】以辽宁省果树科学研究所自主选育的‘望山红’/‘辽砧109’组合苹果树为试材,果园地面分别覆盖农用地毯、碎木屑和园艺地布,以清耕为对照,调查地面覆盖后土壤地温、土壤含水量、叶片光合参数、树体生长量、果实品质的差异。【结果】2016年、2017年农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布、淸耕(CK)土壤温度随土层深度增加而降低,土壤含水量随土层深度增加而升高。与清耕(CK)相比,园艺地布覆盖提高土壤温度,农用地毯和碎木屑覆盖降低土壤温度;农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布覆盖能提高土壤含水量。3种覆盖处理均能提高叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素相对含量。其中,农用地毯覆盖后叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素相对含量变异系数最小、稳定性优于其他处理,而碎木屑覆盖季节性差异明显、变异系数高、稳定性差。3种覆盖处理均能提高单叶质量、叶片厚度、树高、覆盖率、总枝量,影响枝类组成比例。其中,农用地毯覆盖后单叶质量、叶片厚度、覆盖率、总枝量、中枝、短枝比例等指标高于同期其他处理,而长枝比例低于其他处理。春季园艺地布覆盖后的新梢长度显著高于其他处理,而夏季农用地毯和碎木屑覆盖后的新梢生长速度快。农用地毯覆盖后果实单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比等指标最高,其次为碎木屑。农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布覆盖后显著提高果面红色着色程度,提高果实中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、莽草酸含量,降低苹果酸、柠檬酸含量。【结论】综合比较3种覆盖物对土壤温度、土壤含水量、植株叶片参数、树体生长量和果实品质的影响,作用效果从高到低分别为农用地毯、碎木屑和园艺地布。 相似文献
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以京郊三年生"红富士"苹果为试材,采用树盘覆盖园艺地布、普通地膜和可降解地膜的方法,以清耕为对照(CK),研究不同地面覆盖材料对幼龄苹果园杂草控制、土壤养分含量及树体生长的影响,以期为山地果园地面管理提供参考依据.结果表明:与CK相比,地面覆盖显著降低杂草生物量,园艺地布、普通地膜和可降解地膜处理分别减低杂草鲜质量92.21％、84.00％和46.45％,园艺地布控草效果最好.长期表施肥料后进行地面覆盖,土壤养分含量下降.覆盖园艺地布、普通地膜和可降解地膜后,0～20 cm 土层中土壤有机质含量较CK降低52.64％、5.08％和30.30％,有效磷含量较CK降低27.63％、35.07％和33.11％.园艺地布降低全氮含量,较CK降低48.28％,其余处理无显著影响.20～40 cm土层中,与CK相比,园艺地布和可降解地膜有机质含量分别降低25.34％和35.83％,全氮含量分别降低24.09％和54.74％,速效钾含量分别降低13.81％和15.23％,有效磷含量与CK差异不显著,普通地膜各种土壤养分含量与CK差异不显著.地面覆盖显著增加幼龄苹果树的新梢长度,提高新梢生长速度,园艺地布作用最明显,新梢生长速度较对照提高360.23％.与CK相比,3种覆盖材料均显著增加百叶鲜质量和含水量,园艺地布显著降低百叶干质量,较CK降低18.13％,其余处理与CK无显著差异.3种覆盖材料显著提高叶片氮、钾含量,对叶片磷含量影响不显著,园艺地布效果最明显.综合分析,幼龄苹果园树盘覆盖可有效控制杂草,改变土壤养分含量,促进树体生长及叶片质量提升.从促进果树生长的角度,园艺地布效果明显最好. 相似文献
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桔园生草覆盖栽培报道较多，前人研究结果表明：生草覆盖栽培能保温、保水、明显降低夏季气温和地温，改善土壤理化性质，提高土壤有机质含量等。为了进一步探讨桔园生草覆盖对地上部分的作用，笔者于1994～1995年对行间生草树盘覆盖园的果实生长发育及其保果增产效应进行了研究。现将结果报道如下。l材料与方法试验地设在贵州省柑桔科学研究所积砧早熟温州蜜柑中秋桔试验园中（中秋桔由华中农大选育，1986年引进定植），株行距3x3m。】993年10月份全园深翻一次，1994～1995年行间种植霍香蓟（菊科）。春季割草压青、培土Z夏秋割草覆盖树盘… 相似文献
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以5年生‘烟富10’苹果树为试材,研究地布覆盖和药渣覆盖对土壤养分、土壤酶活性和细菌群落的影响。结果发现,地布覆盖和药渣覆盖均改变了土壤温度,增加了果实发育前期土壤含水量和土壤养分含量,提高了过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,以药渣覆盖更为显著。药渣覆盖处理下,土壤有机质在幼果期、膨大期、成熟期分别增加了27.7%、32.1%、34.3%,速效磷增加了19.6%、53.8%、81.9%,速效钾增加了19.1%、35.0%、167.4%。对土壤细菌进行16S rRNA测序发现,两种覆盖均可增加土壤细菌α多样性,药渣覆盖的效果更好,且两种覆盖下土壤细菌群落β多样性更为相近,明显与对照不同。在细菌群落分布方面,地布覆盖处理显著增加了细菌放线菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的群落丰度,分别增加了44.7%、65.7%和79.7%;药渣覆盖处理显著增加了变形菌门、拟杆菌门的群落丰度,分别增加了15.5%、54.5%。综上,药渣覆盖可以显著改善土壤水热情况,增加土壤养分含量,提高土壤细菌群落多样性,对果树根系生长发育更为有利。 相似文献
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以"矮甜李"二年生幼苗和十年生中龄树为研究对象,分别设计黑色园艺地布、黑色塑料膜、透明塑料膜3种不同材料覆膜处理,以清耕作为对照,研究了不同覆膜材料对李园土壤温度、含水量的影响,以及各处理对幼苗成活率、中龄树坐果率、生长量及果实品质的影响.结果 表明:"矮甜李"二年生幼苗栽植区,透明塑料膜对0～25 cm各土层土壤温度及土壤含水量提高最大,显著提高了二年生幼苗的栽植成活率.十年生李树区,在李生长前期(6月10日前),园艺地布的增温效果低于黑色、透明塑料膜,但随着日期的增加,园艺地布的增温效果逐渐提高,最终与黑色、透明塑料膜基本持平.园艺地布、透明塑料膜处理李坐果率分别高出对照组29.32％和14.51％,3个处理对李树枝条、叶片、果实生长量均有不同程度的促进作用,不同覆膜材料处理提高了果实糖、维生素C和可溶性固形物含量,降低了果实可滴定酸含量,其中,园艺地布处理总糖含量最高,显著高于对照组,3个处理的可溶性固形物含量分别高出对照组13.04％、1.63％和8.39％.综合各性状表现,透明塑料膜对提高幼苗栽植成活率效果最佳,黑色园艺地布和透明塑料膜均能有效提高李坐果率、生长量,改善果实品质. 相似文献
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四川省特别是川南地区的冬干春旱严重，夏季多大雨和暴雨，对果树萌芽抽梢、开花结果、果实生长发育和品质产生较大的影响；大雨和暴雨对土壤冲刷严重而引起大量的水土流失，降低土壤肥力，严重时引发土台垮塌。生产上为防止果园土壤干旱和大雨、暴雨对土壤的冲刷，多采用农作物稿秆、塑料薄膜等材料对树盘、定植带或全园土壤进行覆盖，不仅增加大量的投入，而且薄膜覆盖还会造成“白色污染”。利用果树根系与某些草种根系在土层中分布深度不同而不易造成肥水争夺，以及草根死亡腐烂后形成的小孔道可增加土壤孔穴的特性，在果园林间十壤上蓄… 相似文献
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Anna Lisek Danuta Kucharska Agnieszka Głowacka Elżbieta Rozpara 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(5):484-492
The sour cherry is known to exhibit the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility which prevents self-fertilization. In sour cherry, besides self-incompatible cultivars, there often occur self-compatible cultivars. This is due to the occurrence of natural mutations of the S-RNase or SFB genes and, consequently, loss of functionality of S-alleles. Here we present the results of the identification of S-haplotypes of 21 cultivars of sour cherry from various regions of Europe. The analyses were performed using methods based on the amplification of intron I and intron II of the S-RNase gene and fragments specific to the individual alleles of the S-RNase or SFB genes. The tested cultivars were found to contain 15 S-haplotypes: S1, S1?, S4, S6, S6m, S6m2, S9, S12, S13, S13?, S26, S35, S36a, S36b, and S36b2. The most frequently occurring S-haplotypes were S13? (61.9%), S36a (57.1%), and S26 (47.6%). On the basis of the results, 17 of the 21 cultivars were deduced to be self-compatible. The results will be of use in the production of sour cherry fruit by facilitating the selection of suitable pollinating cultivars. The results are also expected to be useful in the breeding of new cultivars of sour cherry when selecting genotypes for crosses. 相似文献
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化学药剂对香椿休眠解除的影响及其机理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计, 探索6-BA、GA3 、(NH2) 2CS、ZnSO4 、KNO3 对香椿休眠解除的影响, 5 种化学药剂解除休眠的作用依次为ZnSO4 > (NH2) 2CS > GA3 > 6-BA > KNO3 。打破香椿休眠的最佳药剂组合是: 6-BA 20 mg/L + GA3 180 mg/L + (NH2) 2CS 1 % + ZnSO4 0.5 % + KNO3 2 %。用上述药剂处理可以使香椿提早23 d 萌芽。 相似文献
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Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are emitted by many plants. In this study, sixty common plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India were examined for VOC (isoprene and monoterpene) emissions. Plant species VOC emission rates ranged from undetectable to 75.2 μg g?1 h?1. Dalbergia sissoo exhibited a maximum VOC emission rate of 75.2 μg g?1 h?1. Ozone forming potentials (OFP) of the sixty plant species were also estimated using the method of Benjamin and Winer (1998). Maximum ozone forming potential of 77 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1 was observed in the case of Mangifera indica. Out of 60 species, 26 species (43.3%) had low OFP (less than 1 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1), 18 species (30%) had medium OFP (less than 1–10 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1) and 16 species (26.7%) had high OFP (more than 10 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1). 相似文献
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京白梨等品种S 基因型鉴定及新基因S28 和S30 的核苷酸序列分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
根据梨S基因高度保守区C1和C3区, 设计1对引物P1和P2, 对梨品种的基因组DNA进行S基因特异扩增、克隆、测序, 并在GenBank中BLAST比较, 确定S 基因特异性片段, 对京白梨等6个供试自交不亲和品种的S基因型比对结果为: 白梨中的‘库尔勒香梨’为S21 S28 , ‘苹果梨’为S17S19 ; 砂梨中的‘台湾蜜梨’为S11 S22 ; 西洋梨中的‘葫芦梨’为Sa Sb; 秋子梨中的‘京白’为S16 S30 , ‘早梨18’为S4 S28。其中S28和S30为首次登录的新S 基因, 在GenBank的登录号分别为AY562394 (库尔勒香梨) 和AY876945 (京白) 。 相似文献
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Soil solarization, used to control weeds and soil-borne pathogens in hot climates, has not yet been widely adapted as a commercial practice because of its lack of efficacy. Experiments were carried out in southern Italy over two growing seasons to study the effect of three levels (0, 0.35 and 0.7 kg m−2) of organic supplementation of the soil prior to solarization on soil mineral availability and fruit quality attributes. Soil temperature and chemical properties were monitored, together with changes in the physical characteristics and chemical composition of tomato fruits grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. Organic supplementation increased the soil temperature achieved through solarization by 3.9 to 5.5 °C. Organic supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.05) the soil concentration of NO3−-N, exchangeable K2O, Ca2+, Na+ and Mg2+ and the level of electrical conductivity in the soil extract. Physical characteristics of tomato fruits were improved by supplementation, with fresh and dry weight enhanced up to 11 and 21%, respectively, mesocarp thickness up to 19%, firmness up to 36% and skin redness (a*/b* ratio) up to 24%. As the supplementation rate was raised from 0 to 0.7 kg m−2, the fruit content of reducing sugars increased (P ≤ 0.01) from 1.75 to 2.14 g per 100 g f.w., ash from 0.49 to 0.62%, soluble solid from 5.12 to 6.18 °Brix, titratable acidity from 0.16 to 0.19%, and ascorbic acid from 25.1 to 32.5 mg 100 mL−1. We concluded that organic supplementation appears to be a valuable and environmentally friendly way to improve the mineral availability in the soil and improve fruit quality of tomato. 相似文献
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金嘴蝎尾蕉切花苞片褐变的控制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了金嘴蝎尾蕉切花最佳采收时期和对其苞片褐变具有良好控制效果的预处理保鲜液及瓶插方法。结果表明: 金嘴蝎尾蕉以中蕾期采收最佳; 整个花枝水平放置, 完全浸泡于500 mg·L - 1 H3BO4或500 mg·L - 1 MgSO4中1 h后, 结合2 mg·L - 1 6-BA + 200 mg·L - 1 Al2 ( SO4 ) 3瓶插保鲜及0.1%聚乙烯醇喷洒花枝, 可显著控制苞片褐变, 保持组织较低水平pH值, 减缓膜透性的上升。其瓶插寿命分别达12 d和11.5 d, 显著高于对照的4 d。 相似文献
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Comparison of anthocyanins in non-blotches and blotches of the petals of Xibei tree peony 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jingjing Zhang Liangsheng Wang Qingyan Shu Zheng’an Liu Chonghui Li Jie Zhang Xiaolei Wei Daike Tian 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
A comparison in non-blotches and blotches of 35 cultivars of Xibei tree peony was investigated to explore flower coloration of Xibei tree peony (the second cultivar group in Chinese tree peony). With high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, six anthocyanins including peonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) were detected in non-blotches and blotches of petals. Total anthocyanins (TA), total flavones and flavonols (TF), and the copigmentation index (CI) were also analyzed. Cyanidin-based glycosides, which accumulated abundantly at the basal petal, resulted in blotch formation. Some peculiar cultivars with only one kind of anthocyanins or without anthocyanins in non-blotches were found in this study. For example, ‘Feng Zi Xiu Se’, ‘Ou Duan Si Lian’, and ‘Xi Wang’ contained only Pn3G5G; ‘Bing Shan Cang Yu’ and ‘Jin Bo Dang Yang’ contained only Cy3G; while no anthocyanins were found in ‘Bing Shan Xue Lian’. Several cultivars were rich in Pg-based glycosides, such as ‘Ni Hong Huan Cai’, and ‘Ju Yuan Shao Nv’. These cultivars would be excellent parents for creating new cultivars with novel flower color in the future. 相似文献
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Seven chilli landraces of Manipur belonging to three cultivated species of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense) form economically important food crops of the region. The genotypes were characterized using ten random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient calculated by UPGMA method differentiated the genotypes into two main cluster groups. One cluster represented the C. annuum genotypes while the other cluster represented the C. frutescens and the C. chinense genotypes. C. chinense genotypes were more close to C. frutescens genotypes. Genetic variation between the C. frutescens genotypes was more than among the C. annuum genotypes and the C. chinense genotypes were the least similar ones. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(2):169-178
The Japanese pear ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S2S4SM) (SM = stylar-part mutant) is a self-compatible bud mutant that originated from self-incompatible ‘Nijisseiki’ (S2S4). The S4-allele of the pear is deleted and it shows unilateral incompatibility to cultivar with an S2S4 genotype. However, when pollen-tube growth was compared between cross-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Okusankichi’ (S5S7)], unilateral-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Kikusui’ (S2S4)], self-compatible (‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), and unilateral-incompatible pollination (‘Kikusui’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), pollen-tube growth clearly showed the following order: cross-compatible > unilateral-compatible > self-compatible > unilateral-incompatible. This indicates that the ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ style produces specific inhibitor(s) not only to S2- and S4-pollen but also “self-pollen”, because the phenotype of S4SM-pollen is the same as S4-pollen. Stylar protein analysis demonstrated that ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ produces S2-RNase (RNase associated with S2-allele) together with a small amount of S4-RNase. The purified S4-RNase possessed almost the same inhibitory action on the growth of S4-pollen-tubes in vitro at 1 μg μl−1 as that from original ‘Nijisseiki’. These results suggest that the depressed growth of unilateral-compatible and self-pollen-tubes in ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ is due to this biologically active S4-RNase. Growth of self-pollen-tubes may also be depressed by inhibitor(s) specific to “self-pollen” unrelated to S-alleles. 相似文献
20.
S. Matsumoto K. Kitahara H. Komatsu K. Abe 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):934-936
SummaryWe investigated the functional differences in three pairs of S-RNase alleles having similar sequences. It was confirmed using pollination tests that S19 and S28 behaved as different alleles, while S17 and S19 appeared to be the same allele. Our previous new allele designation of S6b in place of S17 and S19, and not S19 and S28, from S-RNase sequence analyses was therefore confirmed. The deduced amino acid sequences of S3 and S10, although showing high similarity (94%), were functionally distinct. 相似文献