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1.
J.C. Poynton 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):149-152
A high degree of variation in the colour pattern of Hyperolius argus Peters, including sexual dichromatism and a marked cline, has led to much taxonomic confusion. This East African species extends down the Natal coastal lowlands as far south as Durban. It has been assigned to H. punctlculatus (Pfeffer) in Natal. In a discussion of Mozambique and Natal material, this assignation is shown to be incorrect. The probable holotype of Cope's cinctiventrls is considered to be a synonym of argus. There is some evidence that populations of argus intergrade with semidiscus Hewitt in Natal, and the occurrence of semidiscus on the periphery of the argus range is discussed in relation to the ‘central-marginal’ model of biogeographical patterning. It has not been possible to determine the relative vulnerability to habitat disturbance of argus compared to any other amphibian species, but the conservation prospects of this species at the southern end of its range currently seem extremely poor 相似文献
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K.N. Hirji 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):28-31
Oesophageal and gastric glands of the anuran Kassina maculata Dumeril were studied using the electron microscope. The cells of the oesophageal glands contained abundant secretory granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The cells of the gastric glands were composed entirely of chief cells which contained abundant mitochondria, few secretory granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is likely that in K. maculata the oesophageal glands produce more pepsinogen than the gastric glands. 相似文献
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A. Charming 《African Zoology》2013,48(3):142-145
A new species of grass frog of lhe genus Ptychadena is described from northern Namibia. Although superficially similar to Ptychadena schillukorum and Ptychadena mossambtca, the new species differs In advertisement cafl, and external characters. An examination of a series of published sonagrams indicates that Ptychadena floweri must be regarded as a junior synonym of P. schillukorum. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine the histomorphometric and histochemical structure of oesophagus of the wild-caught greater mouse-eared bat M. myotis. For this purpose, 10 specimens of oesophagus were collected and processed. The oesophagus wall of M. myotis is composed of four layers: tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica adventitia. The mucosa is covered by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. There were no glands in the wall of the oesophagus. Tunica muscularis is composed of two muscle layers: internal circular muscular layer and an external longitudinal muscular layer. Histochemical studies revealed that the oesophagus was AB/PAS and PAS positive indicating the presence of acidic and neutral mucosubstances. AB-PAS staining shows that glycoproteins were predominant in the all examined layers of the oesophagus. Because of the absence of oesophageal glands in M. myotis, positive reaction with AB-PAS staining may be due to secretion of salivary glands. Absence of oesophageal glands reflects the functional adaptation as high food passage rate for the insectivorous feeding habits of animals. 相似文献
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J. A. J. Nel 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):91-93
The sharp-nosed reed frog is widespread in Africa. Although currently recognized as one species, suggestions have been made that more than one species might exist. We analysed 237 calls of 69 males from 19 localities in the western to southern parts of Africa. Calls fall into three groups, which we recognize as cryptic species. Of eight published sound spectrograms, all can be assigned to one of the three species. We recognize Hyperolius nasutus, distributed from western Africa to the Okavango Delta in Botswana; Hyperolius viridis, from the central highlands of northwestern Zambia to southern Tanzania; and Hyperolius acuticeps> which occurs from the Ivory Coast to the southeastern coast of South Africa. We assign published names to the synonymies of these three species. No call data are available for populations in the Congo basin. 相似文献
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《African Zoology》2013,48(2):178-182
The karyotypes of six species of Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841, namely P. afer (Peters, 1864), P. asper (Boulenger, 1911), P. burchelli Smith, 1841, P. burgi (Boulenger, 1911), P. phlegethon (Barnard, 1938) and P. tenuis (Barnard, 1938), were examined by conventional Giemsa staining and described. All six karyotypes have 2n = 100 chromosomes, dominated by bi-armed chromosomes, as does the only other member of the genus, P. quathlambae (Barnard, 1938). Sex-related intraspecific karyotype variation was not found. The shared chromosome numbers and general similarity of the karyotypes (FN = 186–192) provide a new synapomorphy to support their monophyly, which is already indicated by anatomical and mtDNA markers. Karyotype evolution within the genus has been accompanied by chromosomal inversions and centromeric shifts. Comparison of the diploid number found in Pseudobarbus with other African barbine cyprinines, which have in the region of 2n = 50 and lower FNs, suggests a tetraploid evolutionary origin of the genus, possibly by allotetraploidy. 相似文献
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《African Zoology》2013,48(2):320-333
The species richness of seven montane anuran communities of the Albertine Rift was assessed with visual and acoustic transects. A total of 28 anuran species were detected. The highland anuran communities at (2000–2800 m) were dominated by up to nine Albertine Rift endemic species considered threatened by IUCN Red List criteria, whereas the community at lower elevation included mainly wide-ranging, least-concern species. Cluster analyses of the presence/absence data on the overall array of species indicated that Ahl’s reed frog (Hyperolius castaneus) is a suitable umbrella species for the highland Albertine Rift endemics. Hyperolius castaneus was always among the first species collected at each site, either by visual detection or by acoustic detection based on the characteristic advertisement and aggression calls which were emitted during the day and at night. The ease of its detection in the field makes this species an ideal candidate for rapid assessments of priority sites for conservation measures. 相似文献
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The morphology of the toe pads of eight species of Hyperolius (Hyperoliidae), Chiromantis xerampelina, Leptopelis natalensis and Kassina maculata (Rhacophoridae) was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Disc width, margin width and toe pad cell size are variable in Hyperolius, but not directly related to frog size. The rhacophorids were found to have type II mucous pores, contradicting earlier findings. SEM work on toe pads is not taxonomically useful at the species level. We suggest that the circumferal groove may play a role in retaining liquid essential for the adhesion of tree-frog toe pads to smooth surfaces. 相似文献
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Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Smith strain is widely used in mouse models to study HCMV infections. Due to high serial passages, MCMV Smith has acquired genetic and biological changes. Therefore, a low passaged strain would be more relevant to develop mouse models. Here, the pathogenesis of an infection with MCMV Smith was compared with that of an infection with a low passaged Belgian MCMV isolate HaNa1 in BALB/c adult mice following oronasal inoculation with either a low (104 TCID50/mouse) or high (106 TCID50/mouse) inoculation dose. Both strains were mainly replicating in nasal mucosa and submandibular glands for one to two months. In nasal mucosa, MCMV was detected earlier and longer (1–49 days post inoculation (dpi)) and reached higher titers with the high inoculation dose compared to the low inoculation dose (14–35 dpi). In submandibular glands, a similar finding was observed (high dose: 7–49 dpi; low dose: 14–42 dpi). In lungs, both strains showed a restricted replication. In spleen, liver and kidneys, only the Smith strain established a productive infection. The infected cells were identified as olfactory neurons and sustentacular cells in olfactory epithelium, macrophages and dendritic cells in NALT, acinar cells in submandibular glands, and macrophages and epithelial cells in lungs for both strains. Antibody analysis demonstrated for both strains that IgG2a was the main detectable antibody subclass. Overall, our results show that significant phenotypic differences exist between the two strains. MCMV HaNa1 has been shown to be interesting for use in mouse models in order to get better insights for HCMV infections in immunocompetent humans. 相似文献
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Nesma I. El-naseery Asmaa A. A. Mohammed Ahmed Awad Abuel-Atta Wael A. M. Ghonimi 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(5):788-800
The oesophagus is a muscular tube comprised of cervical and thoracic regions. Several studies have clarified the histological structure of the oesophagus. However, its histoarchitecture in relation to variable dietary habits of each species is still unclear. In the current study, 21 pigeons, cattle egrets and ducks, n = 7, each was used. Macroscopically, the oesophagus of cattle egrets either the cervical or thoracic parts was the longest among the pigeons and ducks. Histologically, the oesophagus comprised of four distinct tunicae: mucosa, propria submucosa, musculosa and adventitia or serosa. A great structural variation in these layers among the three investigated species was recorded. In the cervical oesophagus of pigeons, the superficial squamous cells showed perinuclear halo zone, the propria submucosa was characteristically lacked any gland. Moreover, its musculosa was very thick. On the other hand, the intraepithelial glands were characteristically distributed along the whole length of the cattle egret’s oesophagus. Interestingly, the cervical esophagus of the ducks showed submucosal associated lymphatic tissue; diffuse and nodular Ultrastructurally, the oesophageal glands showed secretory granules of variable electron densities, electron - lucent in the pigeons and ducks and electron - dense in the cattle egrets. 相似文献
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W. R. Siegfried 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):339-352
Four distinct types of call are produced by male Ptychadena taenioscelis Laurent in breeding aggregations. The most common of these is the mating call. A male/male interaction or ‘chorus call’ is also produced regularly and its production is dependent on the presence of two or more individuals. A call with a territorial function and the release calls uttered by amplectant males are also described. The responses of calling males to the arrival of females and further males are discussed. Mention is made of the ovipositional behaviour of this species. 相似文献
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Allozyme electrophoresis was used to evaluate genetic variability in painted reed frog (Hyperolius marmoratus) populations from the Northern Province and the Eastern Cape. Sixteen protein-encoding loci were resolved, of which seven displayed allelic polymorphism. Average heterozygosity (H) values in two permanent H. m. taeniatus populations from the Northern Province (7.9% and 6.3%) did not differ substantially from each other nor from the geographically distant Eastern Cape H. m. verrucosus (9.1%). An isolated Northern Province H. m. taeniatus population displayed more polymorphism than any other group with H=14.1%, which can probably be attributed to the periodic influx of reed frogs following dry periods. Genetic distances and gene diversity (FST) values conformed with expected values for conspecific populations. The results attained concur with the hypothesis of increased genetic heterogeneity among populations of small and relatively sedentary animals 相似文献
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J. Kimura I. Habata H. Endo W. Rerkamnuaychoke M. Kurohmaru J. Yamada T. Nishida A. Tsukise 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1998,27(3):147-153
The major salivary glands (parotid glands, monostomatic sublingual glands and submandibular glands) were obtained from hoary bamboo rats (Rhizomys purinosus) and fixed in Bouin's solution. Paraffin sections were subjected to a battery of staining methods including lectin staining for demonstration of complex carbohydrates. Among the three major salivary glands, unique histochemical features were observed in the submandibular gland. Different from most myomorpha species, submandibular glands of the hoary bamboo rats have two types of secretory cells in the secretory endpieces. One type of cells showed positive reactions with Alcian blue (AB)(pH2.5), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and some lectins (peanuts agglutinin, Griffonia simplicifolia I. Machura pomifera agglutinin). The granular ducts, which exist in animals belonging to suborder myomorpha, were not observed in the submandibular glands of this animal. 相似文献
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In the oesophagus, mucins, which originate from oesophageal submucosal glands, play an important role in the mucosal protection as a pre-epithelial barrier. In this study, the structure of cervical and thoracic parts of oesophagus of Japanese quail during the post-hatching period was compared, and the contents of carbohydrate and gastric mucin MUC5AC of the oesophageal glands in these parts were analysed at the light microscope levels by applying conventional histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The oesophageal glands were present at hatching, located in the laminae propria. The numbers of glands were different in the cervical and thoracic parts, but the differences were found to be insignificant. The thoracic part has the oesophageal tonsils which are associated with the glands. Oesophageal tonsil was formed from day 5 after hatching. In quail of all ages, the secretory epithelium of glands contained neutral sialomucins and weakly sulphomucins. The cells in the neck region of secretory units contained sialomucins, while the cells of excretory ducts had strongly sulphomucins. Sialomucin containing cells in the secretory units increased with the advance of age and glandular development. But, in the secretory units, the sulphomucin content of glands was more in the thoracic part. The secretory epithelium of tonsil-associated glands contained mostly sulphomucins and a little sialomucin. From the hatching, MUC5AC mucin was detected in the cells of excretory ducts. Although the lymphoepithelium of the tonsil units exhibited negative reactions to all histochemical methods, it showed positive reaction to MUC5AC mucin antibody. In conclusion, the cervical and thoracic parts may be functionally different and the thoracic part of oesophagus was transformed into an immunological organ following day 5 after hatching. 相似文献
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Mashego SN 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2000,67(2):153-154
Neodiplozoon polycotyleus Paperna, 1973 is recorded from Barbus marequensis Smith, 1841, Barbus neefi Greenwood, 1862, and Barbus trimaculatus Peters, 1852 in the Limpopo River System, Northern Province, South Africa. 相似文献
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Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the oesophagus (IMHO) is reported in equids as an incidental post mortem finding, infrequently associated with clinical signs of oesophageal dysfunction or additional oesophageal abnormalities. Clinicopathological and post mortem findings are presented from a 15‐year‐old gelding that developed a spontaneous perforation of the distal, intrathoracic oesophagus, in association with IMHO. The majority of oesophageal perforations documented in the equine literature have been related to external or iatrogenic trauma resulting in rupture of the cervical portion of the oesophagus. In this case, the early presenting features included pyrexia and inappetance, and progressed over a 4 day period to include signs of tachypnoea, tachycardia and endotoxaemia due to the development of a fatal septic pleuritis and pleural effusion. Oesophageal obstruction was not a presenting feature. Diagnostic investigation in cases of unexplained septic pleural effusion should include oesophageal endoscopic evaluation to rule out perforation of the intrathoracic oesophagus. IMHO may represent a clinically significant, primary disease entity with the potential to lead to oesophageal perforation. 相似文献