共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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苜蓿田主要节肢动物种群数量研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
对甘肃省定西市九华沟苜蓿(Medicago sativa)田节肢动物主要种类的数量动态进行系统研究,结果表明:苜蓿田主要害虫是苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis trifolii)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosip hon pisum)、蓟马(Thripidae)和盲蝽(Miridae)等,主要天敌是瓢虫(Coccinellidae)、草蛉(Chrysopidae)、食蚜蝇(Syrphidae)、寄生蜂、小花蝽(Orius minutes)和蜘蛛等;苜蓿斑蚜、豌豆蚜和蓟马在苜蓿上的消长动态呈单峰型,高峰期分别出现在6月下旬、7月上旬和7月上旬;建立了苜蓿斑蚜、豌豆蚜、蓟马和盲蝽的时序动态模型;蚜虫与瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇、寄生蜂、蜘蛛、蓟马与小花蝽,盲蝽与蜘蛛的相互作用表明主要天敌与害虫自然种群数量之间呈极显著的互作关系,天敌的发生出现明显的时间跟随现象,比害虫推迟10-20 d。 相似文献
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吡虫啉、阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对绿色型豌豆蚜发育及繁殖的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了了解吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯不同亚致死剂量对绿色型豌豆蚜实验种群参数的影响,阐明绿色型豌豆蚜发育及繁殖与亚致死剂量的关系,并为豌豆蚜的综合防治提供理论依据。在22~24℃,光照周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h,相对湿度(RH)70%~80%条件下,采用带虫浸叶法确定吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯对绿色型豌豆蚜的亚致死剂量,通过叶碟饲养,记录其发育历期、产蚜量和寿命。结果表明,吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯LC20、LC10分别处理成蚜后,成蚜平均寿命和平均产蚜量均显著低于对照(P<0.05),其中阿维菌素LC20处理平均寿命最短为3.34 d,高效氯氰菊酯LC20处理平均产蚜量最低为14.30头;F1代除3龄历期无显著差异外(P>0.05),其余各龄期历期变化规律不明显,但成虫期、存活率、平均产蚜量、净增殖率及平均世代周期均表现为LC10大于LC20,在阿维菌素LC10下,F1代成蚜寿命、成蚜平均产蚜量、净增殖率及平均世代周期达到最大值且均大于对照,分别为9.76,77.76,65.32,12.41。表明吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯不同亚致死剂量处理成蚜后,对其寿命和繁殖力均起到抑制作用,但对F1代影响表现为大部分生物学参数随亚致死剂量降低而升高。 相似文献
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为了筛选出防治葡萄茶黄蓟马效果较好的药剂,减少农药的使用量,本研究采用药膜浸叶法测定了17种药剂对茶黄蓟马成虫的室内毒力。结果表明氟虫腈、虫螨腈、高氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、功夫等药剂对茶黄蓟马表现出较高的毒力,建议在田间防治中优先考虑使用这些药剂;毒死蜱、丁醚脲、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威和丙溴磷的毒力效果相对较低,建议在生产中尽量少用。本研究对茶黄蓟马的室内毒力测定结果可为今后化学防治该害虫提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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几种杀螨剂防治红花酢浆草岩螨田间试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
几种杀螨剂及其混剂对红花酢浆草岩螨进行田间防治试验,结果表明,单剂20%三氯杀螨醇800~1 000倍防治效果为96%以上;40%氧化乐果、80%敌敌畏防治效果较差。20%螨死净2 000~4 000倍与15%哒螨灵1 500~3 500倍、1%阿维虫清5 000~7 000倍分别混用对红花酢浆草岩螨防治效果为96%以上,但对卵或若螨防治效果差。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2015,(4)
分别用伊虫净、羊病虫螨净、伊虫净和羊病虫螨净两种药物按照一定比例混合驱除波尔山羊体内外寄生虫试验。驱虫前后对试验羊称重对比。结果表明,伊虫净和羊病虫螨净两种药物按照一定比例混合驱虫试验组增重率为17.43%,羊病虫螨净实验组增重率为13.04%,伊虫净实验组增重率为14.826%,对照组仅4.08%,差异极显著(P0.01)。进一步分析表明,伊虫净和羊病虫螨净两种药物混合后联合驱虫增重效果显著,具有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
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两种杀虫剂亚致死剂量对龟纹瓢虫捕食功能反应的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了协调化学防治和生物防治二者间的矛盾,掌握药剂对龟纹瓢虫捕食功能的影响,利用吡虫啉和高效氯氰菊酯对龟纹瓢虫的LC_(25)和对豌豆蚜的LC_(25)分别处理2种昆虫,测定了2种杀虫剂亚致死剂量对龟纹瓢虫捕食豌豆蚜功能反应的影响。结果表明,龟纹瓢虫捕食功能反应模型没有发生变化,仍是典型的Holling-Ⅱ型,但模型的各项参数发生了改变。高效氯氰菊酯直接处理龟纹瓢虫,对其捕食能力抑制最强;龟纹瓢虫捕食吡虫啉处理后的豌豆蚜,对其捕食能力抑制最弱。龟纹瓢虫以2种方式受药后,瞬时攻击率a下降,最大为0.860 4,最小为0.782 3,相对于对照组(CK)下降5.21%~15.78%;处理猎物的时间T_h延长,最长为0.017 6 d,最短为0.013 7 d,相对于CK延长16.10%~49.15%;最大理论捕食量下降,最大为73.09头,最小为56.74头,相对于CK下降14.00%~33.24%;药剂处理18h后,捕食速率均显著(P0.05)低于同时间下的对照,18h时最大为1.67头/h,最小为1.56头/h,相对于同时间时的CK降低13.04%~18.84%,24 h后最大为1.66头/h,最小为1.46头/h,为同时间下CK的9.14%~20.00%。因此,不论龟纹瓢虫以何种方式受药,都不利于其捕食豌豆蚜。其中,高效氯氰菊酯直接作用于龟纹瓢虫时负面影响最大,但不改变其对豌豆蚜的捕食功能反应模型。 相似文献
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试验在天台县滩岭花桃黄花梨上进行 ,7月 16日梨网蝽盛发期施药。设清水对照 ,3次重复。喷药后 2天和 15天调查死活虫数 ,计算防治效果。结果表明 ,喷药后 2天 ,11 5%喜洋洋可湿性粉剂 (即阿维·吡 ,浙江海正集团公司生产 ) 30 0 0倍液 ,4 0 %毒死蜱乳油 (浙江仙居农药厂生产 ) 2 0 0 0倍液+ 10 %氯氰菊酯 30 0 0倍液、10 %蚜虱净可湿性粉剂(江苏克胜集团公司生产 ) 30 0 0倍液和 4 0 %乐果乳油 750倍液的防治效果分别为 97 8%、97 5%、94 7%和 90 0 % ,前 3种处理与乐果乳油间差异显著 (Ｐ =0 0 5) ,前 3种处理之间无显著差异。喷药后15… 相似文献
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杀虫剂亚致死剂量对多异瓢虫忌避作用和拒食反应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解农药对天敌昆虫的毒害作用,给化学杀虫剂的合理施用提供科学的理论依据,试验以10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、2%阿维菌素乳油和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂分别对多异瓢虫(Hippodamia variegate)和对豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)的亚致死剂量LC20,测定了3种杀虫剂对多异瓢虫忌避、拒食行为的影响。结果表明:多异瓢虫对吡虫啉和阿维菌素的LC20表现出一定的忌避作用,48h忌避率分别为43.60%和36.67%;而对高效氯氰菊酯忌避率为-23.97%,未表现出明显忌避的行为。3种杀虫剂的亚致死剂量均使多异瓢虫产生一定的拒食作用,其中,选择性拒食效果以吡虫啉最显著,12h和24h拒食率分别为22.08%和28.97%;非选择性拒食以高效氯氰菊酯最显著,12h和24h拒食率分别为24.73%和29.45%。因此,3种杀虫剂的亚致死剂量对多异瓢虫的取食具有抑制作用。 相似文献
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昆虫抗药性机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
由于杀虫剂的长期使用,昆虫产生的抗药性已成为农林虫害治理面临的重大问题。研究昆虫抗药性机制有助于为农林害虫防控、资源昆虫抗性品系选育及新型杀虫剂研发提供科学指导。长期以来,人们通过对模式昆虫、卫生昆虫和农林害虫的研究,对昆虫的代谢抗性、靶标抗性有了一定认识,继而利用分子生物学手段克隆、分析了一些抗性相关基因,目前正从基因组学角度去深入阐明昆虫抗药性机制。结合近年来的研究成果,由昆虫抗药性涉及的主要解毒酶入手,对昆虫抗药性形成的生理生化及分子生物学机制作一综述。 相似文献
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氟啶虫胺腈是一种专门防治刺吸式口器害虫的全新杀虫剂。本文以柑桔矢尖蚧和桔二叉蚜为防治对象,开展了22%氟啶虫胺腈SC田间药效试验。结果表明：药后14d,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC各处理对柑桔矢尖蚧防治效果为67.71~80.73%;药后28d,防治效果可达83.29%以上,其中高浓度处理防治效果可达92.08%。药后1d,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC各处理对桔二叉蚜防治效果达93.36~96.93%;药后7d,防治效果达到最高,其防治效果为97.26%~100%;药后14d,防治效果仍然可达92.04%以上。22%氟啶虫胺腈SC对柑桔矢尖蚧和桔二叉蚜具有优异防治效果和良好的安全性,可大面积在柑桔上使用,推荐使用浓度为3000~4000倍液喷雾。 相似文献
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斜纹夜蛾乙酰胆碱酯酶基因cDNA片段的克隆和序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)是桑树的主要害虫之一。昆虫体内的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE,EC3.1.1.7)是有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的作用靶标。通过设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR技术克隆了斜纹夜蛾的乙酰胆碱酯酶基因cDNA片段(GenBank登录号:FJ959384)。序列分析结果表明,该cDNA片段全长1 191 bp,编码397个氨基酸,包含了乙酰胆碱酯酶基因的特征位点区域。基于乙酰胆碱酯酶氨基酸同源序列的进化分析表明,斜纹夜蛾与甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)的亲缘关系最近,与棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)的亲缘关系最远。该基因cDNA片段的克隆有助于对斜纹夜蛾乙酰胆碱酯酶结构、功能及抗药性的分子机制研究。 相似文献
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G L Meerdink 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1989,5(2):375-389
Organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides are used commonly in agriculture to control pests of crops and animals. These compounds are toxic and livestock poisoning has occurred from mistaken addition of unused insecticide to feeds and animal access to improperly disposed of materials or "empty" containers. The morbidity rate approximates a third of animals exposed and about half of those affected die. Organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides generate their toxic effects by bonding to and inhibiting ChE enzymes (most importantly, AChE), which are responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter ACh. The accumulation of ACh results in uninhibited impulse transmission at the cholinergic endings, including autonomic preganglionic junctions, certain neurons in the central nervous system, and motor nerves to the skeletal muscles. This eventually leads to fatigue of end organs; death usually is a result of respiratory failure. The "delayed neuropathy syndrome" is caused by some OP insecticides, but the pathophysiology of this syndrome does not involve the inhibition of ChE and accumulation of neurotransmitter. Over 100 anticholinesterase insecticides are in use. Variations in toxicity exist among these compounds, but larger diversities exist in the likelihood of poisoning because of differences in formulations, solvents, and conditions of use. Young animals usually are more sensitive than adults. Some of these agents are among the most toxic of manmade chemicals. These insecticides generally do not accumulate in tissues. The "chronic" effects depend on accrued physiological changes from frequent exposure to nonlethal doses. Clinical signs occur within minutes to a few hours and include the muscarinic signs of salivation, excessive lacrimation, frequent urination, and diarrhea. Concurrent nicotinic effects include muscular tremors followed by weakness and paralysis. Topical exposure results in similar poisoning but the onset of clinical signs may be delayed. Certain pour-on insecticides may cause a delayed (more than a week) syndrome in some breeds. Diagnosis of OP or carbamate insecticide poisoning is made by (1) interpretation of clinical signs and history that are consistent with this poisoning, (2) detection of the chemical compound in stomach or rumen contents and tissues, and (3) demonstration of the adverse biological effect, ChE inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
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植物源药剂对苜蓿蓟马的防效研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取7种植物源药剂与1种化学药剂(2.5%溴氰菊脂)对苜蓿蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis进行防治比较.结果表明,7种植物源药剂对苜蓿蓟马均有显著的防治效果,其中0.3%印楝素乳油、2.5%烟碱-楝素乳油、10%柠檬草乳油防效突出,与2.5%溴氰菊脂相比无显著差异,药后3 d的防效分别达到76.18%、63.42%和90.59%.此外0.3%印楝素乳油的药效持续时间长而10%柠檬草乳油的起效快. 相似文献
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A number of insecticides used for ectoparasite control in the livestock industry were screened for their efficacy against larvae of the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, using in vivo and laboratory tests. Proprietary screw-worm fly treatments (after exposure to outdoor conditions for up to 10 days) were also tested against eggs and adults of C bezziana. Three of these were also evaluated on naturally acquired screw-worm infestations. Residual protection was generally of short duration. Among the organophosphorus compounds, the most effective formulations contained relatively high concentrations (3 to 4% al) of coumaphos, 2.5% fenchlorphos or low concentrations (0.05 to 0.5% al) of diazinon, chlorfenvinphos and fenthion methyl. Two chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides containing 3% lindane and 5% dieldrin were very effective but are now prohibited for use in Australia. Preparations had serious deficiencies when used under field conditions, especially for treating large, deepseated myiases for which systemic insecticides are recommended. A comparison of methods demonstrated that a laboratory test could supersede live animal experimentation, at least for the initial screening of potential insecticides. 相似文献
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A method is needed to control pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (Haematobia irritans) which would involve the intermittent application of insecticides to cattle without their confinement for treatment. Our objective was to test a CO2 gas-operated pistol, designed to shoot marking pellets, to determine the number of pellet applications required to obtain season-long control. Also, since horn fly resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is widespread, we tested ten other insecticides as concentrates in pellets. Six pellet pistol applications of 38% permethrin provided 84% control of horn flies for 15 weeks. Single pellet applications of ten non-pyrethroid insecticides indicated that none of these insecticides, at the concentrations tested, were as effective as permethrin for control of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies. Our field evaluation of the pellet-pistol method indicates that it has sufficient merit to justify further testing for horn fly control. 相似文献