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1.
为了研究在亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)进行浓缩时,不同操作压力对单胞藻饵料浓缩机滤水率、藻细胞浓缩密度和藻细胞活性的影响,采用超滤技术,在操作压力分别为0.02、0.06、0.10、0.16、0.20 MPa的条件下,利用单胞藻饵料浓缩机对亚心形扁藻进行浓缩,并对不同浓缩时间的浓缩藻进行再培养。结果表明,随着压力的增加,浓缩机滤水率和藻细胞浓缩密度逐渐增大,压力为0.20 MPa时,浓缩机的滤水率最大、浓缩密度最大,浓缩8 h后,藻细胞密度最大,为(4.98±0.14)×106 cells/mL;浓缩后藻细胞繁殖速度较快,超滤对藻细胞活性影响较小。 相似文献
2.
采用实验生态学方法对四角蛤蜊稚贝滤水率的影响因子进行了研究。比较了不同饵料及密度、规格、温度对四角蛤蜊稚贝滤水率（FR）的影响。结果表明：1）四角蛤蜊稚贝对4种单胞藻的滤水率均随着密度的增大而增大,但达到一定密度后,滤水率会随着密度的增加而下降;2）四角蛤蜊稚贝的滤水率随着体质量的增加而增大,符合幂函数回归关系：Y=13．429X^0.6118,R^2=O．9971;3）在一定温度范围内,四角蛤蜊稚贝滤水率随着温度的升高而增大,24℃时滤水率达到最大值2．31ml（个．分钟）,随后滤水率随着温度的升高而下降。 相似文献
3.
《渔业现代化》2015,(2)
为了解黑蝶贝(Pinctada margaritifera)的滤食特性,利用一次性加入饵料的方法,设置4种个体规格、5种单胞藻饵料、5个p H梯度和饵料密度梯度,研究了不同因素对黑蝶贝滤水率(FR')的影响。结果显示:FR'随体重的增大先上升后下降,回归拟合方程:FR'=-0.000 359 x2+0.074 x-2.272,R2=0.854;黑蝶贝对5种单胞藻饵料的滤水率大小次序为:小球藻球等鞭金藻绿色巴夫藻牟氏角毛藻亚心形扁藻;FR'随着p H的升高而升高,到p H为8.6左右时开始下降,其拟合关系为:FR'=-0.331x2+5.621x-23.198,R2=0.739;FR'与一定饵料密度范围内呈明显的峰值变化,饵料密度为4.38×105Cell/m L时达到最大,其拟合方程为:FR'=-0.234x2+2.036x-2.959,R2=0.852。通过可知,饵料种类、p H、饵料密度和规格对黑蝶贝滤水率的影响显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
4.
2011年11～12月,以扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为饵料,在实验室条件下采用静水法测定了不同饵料密度、体重和盐度下黄边糙鸟蛤(Trachycardium flavum)的滤水率。结果表明:饵料密度、体重以及盐度对黄边糙鸟蛤滤水率均存在显著性影响。在实验饵料密度范围内,当饵料密度小于10×104cell·mL-1时,黄边糙鸟蛤的滤水率随着饵料浓度的增加而增大,饵料浓度与滤水率之间呈现正相关的幂函数关系;体重对滤水率的影响呈幂函数关系,个体滤水率随着体重的增加而增大;在一定盐度范围内,滤水率随着盐度的升高而增大,在盐度为32.7时滤水率达到最大值0.249 L·(g·h)-1,随后随着盐度的升高滤水率呈下降趋势。 相似文献
5.
采用静水法研究不同饵料种类(等鞭金藻、盐藻、扁藻)在相同密度、相同生物量的环境下对卤虫的滤水率的影响。结果表明,2h内卤虫的滤水率顺序为等边金藻组盐藻组扁藻组,等鞭金藻与盐藻和扁藻表现出显著差异(P0.05),其中最大滤水率为1.78mL/(ind.·h)。研究显示,食物粒径越小,卤虫对其滤水率越大,等鞭金藻因其具有相对较小的粒径表现出了较高滤食优势,因此在渔业生产上可作为一种卤虫的适口饵料进行推广应用。 相似文献
6.
不同藻类及浓度对青蛤滤水率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用实验生态学方法,在24℃水温下,研究了饵料生物种类及浓度对不同规格青蛤滤水率(FR)的影响。结果表明:(1)青蛤的FR随着体质量的增大而增大,符合幂函数回归关系:FR=0.5725WD0.705 3(R2=0.9987),单位质量的滤水率(FR/WD)随着青蛤规格的增大而减小。(2)FR随着饵料浓度的增大而增大,但当异胶藻浓度达到8×105ind/L时,开始迅速下降。(3)FR受不同饵料种类的影响,青蛤对牟氏角毛藻的平均滤水效果最好,达到0.6左右,滤水效果最差的是异胶藻,平均FR只有0.3左右。 相似文献
7.
在海产单胞藻培养过程中,敌害生物的污染是影响单细胞藻生长繁殖的主要问题之一,特别是在高温季节,往往会因为敌害生物的危害而造成培养失败。现根据我们近年来的生产实践,谈几点看法。1 预防措施敌害生物的污染途径主要是水、工具、容器、空气、肥料、昆虫以及藻种不纯、操作不严等几个方面,所以在日常的单胞藻培养过程中,首先要针对这几方面采取有效的预防措施。1.1 严格消毒1.1.1 水的消毒 单胞藻培养用水经过常规沙滤后,还要进行严格的消毒处理。一级培养用水应煮沸消毒,冷却至室温后方能使用,冷却过程中必须用瓶盖或经消毒 相似文献
8.
合浦珠母贝对不同种类及浓度的单胞藻摄食与消化效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从单胞藻粒径大小、表面结构、生化组成及饵料浓度等角度开展了合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)对不同种类及浓度的单胞藻摄食与消化效果研究。投喂粒径大小相近的牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)混合藻,粒径大小不同的亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和海水小球藻(Marine chlorella)混合藻,用细胞计数法检测剩余混合藻中各单胞藻浓度。分别投喂以上4种不同浓度梯度的单胞藻,观察比较粪便中单胞藻消化状况。结果显示,合浦珠母贝对粒径大小相近的单胞藻没有表现出明显的选择性摄食(P0.05),对粒径较大的单胞藻摄食率明显高于粒径较小的单胞藻(P0.05);随着投喂单胞藻浓度的升高,合浦珠母贝对单胞藻的消化程度降低。 相似文献
9.
沉积再悬浮颗粒物对3种滤食性贝类摄食生理的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用室内模拟实验法研究了不同浓度的沉积再悬浮颗粒物对3种经济贝类的滤水率、摄食率和吸收效率影响。结果表明,(1)沉积再悬浮颗粒物对3种滤食性贝类的滤水率、摄食率和吸收效率有明显的影响(P<0.05)。(2)在一定浓度范围内,3种贝类的滤水率和摄食率随沉积再悬浮颗粒物浓度的增大而增大,当再悬浮颗粒物浓度超过一定浓度后,滤水率和摄食率迅速下降。(3)实验期间(24h),随时间的变化,总悬浮颗粒物浓度为20～100mg/L时,3种滤食性贝类的滤水率呈现周期性的升降变化,总悬浮颗粒物对不同时间段3种贝类的滤水率的影响显著(P<0.05)。300和500mg/L时,总悬浮颗粒物对不同时间段栉孔扇贝和紫贻贝滤水率的影响不明显(P>0.05),而对菲律宾蛤仔滤水率的影响显著(P<0.05);在6～24h时间段,3种贝类的滤水值多次出现负值。(4)吸收效率随沉积再悬浮颗粒物浓度的增大而减小,与悬浮颗粒物有机质的百分含量的变化趋势相一致。本研究表明,沉积再悬浮颗粒物对3种滤食性贝类的摄食生理有显著的影响。 相似文献
10.
11.
采用一套自主开发研制的加压溶气气浮装置,对养殖水体中的微颗粒进行净化。选取液位高度、液体流量、溶气压力进行单因子试验和正交试验,单因子试验结果表明,液位0.8 m具有浊度去除的最佳效果;液位1.0 m对浊度去除率和pH的增加率的影响较显著;液体流量为400~600 L/h时,浊度去除率最大;液体流量为200~400 L/h时,溶解氧和pH增加率最大;溶气压力为0.5 MPa时,浊度的去除率达到了最大值的72%,同时,pH的增加率也达到了最大值,溶气压力为0.4 MPa时,溶解氧的增加率达到了最大值;通过正交试验得到三因素的最优组合为:液位高度1.0 m、液体流量200~400 L/h、溶气压力0.4 MPa。 相似文献
12.
大气CO2浓度升高将干扰水体的碳酸盐缓冲系统,导致水体pH值下降,对水生微藻产生一定的影响。文章从生长状况、光合作用、藻细胞化学元素组成和群落结构4方面分别综述大气CO2浓度升高对海洋微藻和淡水微藻的影响。在生长方面,大气CO2浓度升高不仅会影响某些海洋微藻和淡水微藻的生长速率,还会使某些藻细胞的形态发生变化。在光合作用方面,大气CO2浓度升高可能会减弱微藻对CCM机制的依赖性;对不具有CCM机制的微藻来说,CO2浓度增加可能会减弱其碳限制程度,有利于微藻光合作用。在藻细胞化学元素组成方面,大气CO2浓度的升高对微藻细胞化学元素组成的影响与藻类的生长是否受营养盐限制有关,只有当藻类生长受到水体营养盐浓度限制时,CO2浓度升高才会显著改变其元素组成。在群落结构方面,当微藻个体发生变化时,微藻种群间的竞争优势也会发生改变,体积较小的微藻可能将从全球CO2水平升高的趋势中受益更多。在间接因素温度导致的水生环境变化的条件下,可能更有利于蓝藻生长,使其拥有更大的竞争优势。微藻群落结构的改变,对整个海洋生态系统和淡水生态系统都可能会造成严重的影响。最后展望了在全球大气CO2水平升高的背景下微藻响应机制方面研究方向。 相似文献
13.
The microalgae Chaetoceros sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum were grown in semicontinuous 15 1 cultures, a volume commonly used for mid-scale inocula in aquacultural practices. The daily yields were concentrated and stored by freezing and freeze-drying for up to 1 month. After slow or fast freezing without the protective agents glycerol or Me2SO, neither of the microalgae was capable of active growth, while with the cryoprotectants slow freezing gave good results after 7 days of storage at −20°C. After 15 and 30 days, however, microalgae growth was poor, probably due to bacterial contamination. Freeze-drying gave even worse results, which we attribute to severe losses of storage products after this treatment. 相似文献
14.
The razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) is a bivalve species living in the lower to mid intertidal zones along the coasts of China, Japan and Korea. In this study, the effects of temperature, microalgae species and concentration on the absorption efficiency (AE) of cultured adult S Constricta fed with six species of microalgae, including Chlorella sp., Pavlova viridis, Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, Platymonas subcordiformis, Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis zhanjiangensis was examined. The clams were exposed to three different temperatures (15, 20 and 25°C) and five microalgae concentrations (0.16, 0.27, 0.37, 0.45 and 0.53 mg L?1). The results indicated that under different temperatures, there is significant difference (P < 0.05) in AE and the efficiency peaks at the water temperature of 20°C. Under different microalgae concentrations, the absorption efficiencies were also significantly different (P < 0.05) and there was a negative correlation between AE and microalgae concentration. At different combinations of temperature and microalgae concentration, the absorption efficiencies of Chlorella sp. and N. oculata were lower than those of other microalgae. The interaction of temperature and microalgae concentration affected the AE significantly (P < 0.05). 相似文献
15.
The effect of a simultaneous temperature and hydrostatic pressure shock applied a few minutes after activation of the egg was evaluated by monitoring the short-term survival rate of polar-body gynogenetic embryos of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). The aim was to evaluate the interdependence of temperature and pressure in retaining the second polar body. The temperature shock varied between 4°C and 44°C in increments of 4°C, while the pressure shock varied between 0.1 and 68.8 MPa in increments of 13.8 MPa. Highest survival rates were attained at a pressure between 40 and 55 MPa, regardless of the temperature at which the shocks were applied. Optimal survival rates of shocks applied at lower temperatures required longer durations. If reliability to induce retention of the polar body is of prime concern, hydrostatic pressure shocks of 55 MPa at room temperature are recommended. 相似文献
16.
在自然变温和水浴恒温的条件下。用3种接种密度培养亚心形扁藻Platymonas subcordi- formis,以研究其增殖形式。结果表明,较高接种密度时,扁藻密度始终较高且较早进入平稳期;接种密度相同,恒温下较早进入平稳期。但就所能达到的最大密度而言,变温培养时更高;低密度接种的比生长速率最大,而中等接种密度下的比生长速率最稳定;培养时的比生长速率较高,且比较稳定;增殖模型所反映的和观测结果一致。随着接种密度增加,依赖于初始种群密度的参数a减少,环境容量增加而瞬时增殖速度下降。模型也反映出在相同接种密度条件下,变温培养的环境容量大于恒温培养;恒温时的微藻瞬时增长速度要大于变温时。就(N_t)/(N_0)而言,在变温下培养扁藻,各处理间的差异不具有统计学意义,而在恒温培养时各处理间的差异显著;低密度接种时,变温和恒温条件下的(N_t)/(N_0)具有显著差异,而在中密度接种和高密度接种时,两种温度条件下的(N_t)/(N_0)差异不显著。 相似文献
17.
为探明钝缀锦蛤的摄食生理,以北海近海人工中间培育和养殖的钝缀锦蛤为试验材料,室内条件下采用试验生态法研究温度、盐度和体质量对钝缀锦蛤滤食率与同化率的影响。试验结果表明,在温度17～33℃条件下,滤食率随温度的升高,呈先升后降的趋势,滤食率(y)与水温(x)之间的回归方程为y=-4.338×10-3 x^3+0.311x2-6.915x+49(r2=0.999),同化率随着温度的升高而增大,温度对同化率的影响显著(P<0.01);在盐度18～33条件下,滤食率随盐度的升高呈先增后降的趋势,盐度27～30时保持较高的滤食率,滤食率(y)与盐度(x)之间的回归方程为y=-0.027x^2+1.638x-19.52(r^2=0.994),同化率随盐度的升高而增大,盐度为30时同化率最高,盐度对同化率的影响显著(P<0.01);滤食率随体质量增加而降低,体质量对同化率影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,钝缀锦蛤属典型热带和亚热带种群品种,适宜生活在温度和盐度较稳定的潮下带区域,非广温广盐性贝类。 相似文献
18.
Xiaolan Shang Jie Zheng Shi Yin Ping Wang 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):358-367
Changes of color, free fatty acids, triglyceride fatty acids, and volatile flavor compounds in sea bass skeletal muscle (SBSM) with high pressure (HP) treatment were studied. The results indicated that HP could increase the L* value of SBSM and free fatty acid content, but had little impact on total triglyceride fatty acids. Total saturated triglyceride fatty acid content increased with increasing pressure and had a maximum at 100 MPa; total unsaturated triglyceride fatty acid content decreased. The increased free fatty acids might have resulted from phospholipid hydrolysis. High pressure processing was conducive to the generation of alcohols and cooked-like flavor of SBSM and produced more favorable volatile compounds at the pressure of 400 MPa. 相似文献
19.
Kevin R. Stuart Arnold G. Eversole David E. Brune 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2001,32(1):105-111
Abstract.— The freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata was provided water containing green algae and cyanobacteria delivered from the Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) at eight flow rates to determine algal filtration rates as mg of particulate organic carbon (POC)/kg wet tissue weight per h. The dominant taxon in cyanobacterial waters was Microcystis while the dominant taxa in green algal waters were Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus . The cell counts of Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus were the only algal taxa that were significantly different between the incoming water and water filtered by mussels. Filtration rates of POC obtained from green algal water were significantly greater than from cyanobacteria-dominated waters at all flow rates. A significant increase in mean filtration rate was observed as flow rates increased. The filtration rate of green algae increased as POC concentration increased, peaking at 28 mg C/L. A maximum filtration rate was not observed with cyanobacterial waters. 相似文献
20.
Mingchun Lv Han Zhang Kalin Mei Zhiyan Wang 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2020,29(3):220-228
ABSTRACTThe effects of high pressure (100–500 MPa) treatment on myofibrillar protein (MP) contents and distribution of water in Solenocera melantho muscle were investigated. The results showed that the shrimp treated with 200 MPa had the highest shelling score, and the solubility of MP in meat of shrimp treated with 300 MPa was significantly reduced. Moreover, the surface hydrophobicity of MP increased with increasing pressure. Treatment of shrimp with 200–300 MPa high pressure partially converted the structure of MP from an α-helix structure to a β-sheet structure, allowing for greater exposure of the tryptophan residues present. Treatment of shrimp with 100–200 MPa led to a significant loss in the amount of immobilized water in shrimp muscle. However, the treatment did not significantly change the moisture distribution. Overall, pressures of 100 to 200 MPa are considered the most suitable for the processing of S. melantho. 相似文献