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1.
A 12-year-old Arab stallion was presented with a chronically swollen right carpus resulting in profound lameness of the same leg. An incisional biopsy of subcutaneous tissue from the right carpus submitted for cytology and histopathology revealed large numbers of eosinophils interspersed by substantial numbers of variably sized and granulated mast cells. Fungal culture of a subcutaneous tissue sample taken from the right carpus was negative. Serial full blood counts revealed persistent mature eosinophilia, not accompanied by a mastocytaemia, neutrophilia without left shift and persistent hyperfibrinogenaemia. After humane destruction, dissection of the affected limb revealed a thick layer of connective tissue deposited around the right carpal joint. Within the connective tissue were embedded many small 0.25-1 cm diameter yellow gritty nodules, which consisted of dystrophic calcification and necrotic cell debris. The tendons enveloped by the connective tissue mass had limited function. The right axillary lymph node was moderately enlarged, yellow-brown and moist. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately well differentiated mast cell neoplasm with evidence of metastasis to the regional lymph node. In horses, malignant mast cell neoplasia is rare, while metastasis has only been reported in one other horse. Eosinophilia associated with equine mast cell neoplasia has not been reported previously but is recorded in mast cell neoplasia in the dog.  相似文献   

2.
An 8‐year‐old Paint Horse gelding was evaluated for a persistent left forelimb lameness (grade 4/5), with a hard swelling at the dorsomedial aspect of the carpometacarpal joint, due to osteoarthritis. Previous systemic and local anti‐inflammatory therapy had only a temporary effect. Partial carpal arthrodesis was suggested, but the owner elected for conservative treatment. The horse was confined to a small paddock and received phytotherapeutic supplementation with Harpagophytum procumbens. The lameness gradually resolved but a similar hard swelling developed on the right carpus. Radiographic follow‐up 1.5 years later revealed a spontaneous bilateral ankylosis of the carpometacarpal joint.  相似文献   

3.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the distal extremities of the standing, sedated horse would be desirable if diagnostic quality images could be obtained. With the availability of extremity and special purpose magnet designs on the market, a system to safely accommodate the standing horse may gain increasing popularity. This paper considers the issue of motion that will need to be addressed to achieve successful, diagnostic quality images. The motion of the carpus and tarsus of five standing, sedated horses was quantified. The obtained motion records were then used to induce motion in cadaveric joint specimens during several MRI scans. The measured dorsal-palmar/plantar, medial-lateral, and proximal-distal random wobbling motions in the standing sedated horse were several centimeters in magnitude and generated severe motion-artifacts during axial MRI of the cadaveric specimens. Two retrospective motion-correction techniques (autocorrection and navigator-based adaptive correction) were used to correct the corrupted images. The motion artifacts were nearly eliminated with the use of both techniques in series. Although significant hurdles remain, these results suggest promise for allowing diagnostic quality MRI of the carpus and tarsus in the standing horse.  相似文献   

4.
This case study describes a rare case of a fibro‐osseous tumour in the distal part of the fourth metacarpal bone of a 13‐year‐old horse. The tumour was surgically removed and wound healing occurred without complications. A specific diagnosis was reached by considering the clinical and histological features of the mass. However, the process was complicated by the different classification systems for this type of tumour. When classified according to the veterinary literature, ossifying fibroma is the appropriate diagnosis, whereas in human medicine this term has been replaced.  相似文献   

5.
A 19‐year‐old castrated Arabian male horse presented for evaluation of a firm mass at the dorsal cervical region. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed multiple well defined fusiform structures within the atlantal bursa. Multiple glossy smooth, white to yellowish, flattened fusiform structures were removed surgically. These structures were composed of dense fibrin with some leukocytes and red blood cells. The imaging and histopathological features of these structures were similar to chronic ‘rice bodies’ reported in humans with bursitis or tenosynovitis. This is the first veterinary report describing the imaging features of ‘rice bodies’ in a horse with atlantal bursitis.  相似文献   

6.
Reason for performing study: The proximal metacarpal region is a common site of origin of lameness in the performance horse. A number of disease entities are recognised as causes of proximal metacarpal lameness but a definitive diagnosis is often elusive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is hypothesised to offer advantages over traditional imaging modalities in the investigation of proximal metacarpal pain. Objective: To describe clinical and imaging features of cases of lameness in racehorses arising from the proximal metacarpal region in which standing MRI identified ‘bone marrow oedema‐type’ (BMO‐type) signal patterns. Methods: Records for all horses undergoing standing MRI of the proximal metacarpus/distal carpus from September 2006 to December 2008 were reviewed. Cases underwent a standardised protocol for diagnostic analgesia, radiography and ultrasonography of the proximal metacarpus and distal carpus. Cases with proximal metacarpal lameness displaying a characteristic BMO‐type signal pattern on MRI were identified and outcomes analysed. Results: Eight cases were identified with characteristic MRI findings of extensive hyperintensity on T2* gradient echo and short tau inversion fast spin echo sequences and corresponding hypointensity on T1 gradient echo images within the palmaroproximal aspect of the third metacarpal bone. Follow‐up information was available for all cases; at the time of writing 7/8 had returned to full work and were free from lameness. Conclusions: The BMO‐type signal patterns visible on MR images in these cases may signal the existence of a previously under‐diagnosed pathological process associated with proximal metacarpal lameness in racehorses. This finding is postulated to be associated with a stress reaction and possible prodromal stress fracture of the palmaroproximal metacarpus not appreciable radiographically or ultrasonographically. Potential relevance: MRI of the proximal metacarpal region permits detection of pathological processes, which may elude conventional imaging and, therefore, has important therapeutic and prognostic implications in these cases.  相似文献   

7.
An 8-month-old thoroughbred colt presented with sudden onset right forelimb lameness. A radiographic series of the right carpus was performed, and it revealed a slab fracture of the fourth carpal bone and fracture of the proximal part of the third metacarpal bone. Arthroscopically guided repair of the slab fracture of the fourth carpal bone with a 3.5 mm cortex screw and lag screw fixation of the fracture of the proximal part of the third metacarpal bone were performed. The horse started to race at 32 months old and started in 65 races over three years without any trouble associated with the right carpus.  相似文献   

8.
This report describes the unusual diagnosis of a retrobulbar syncytial meningioma in a 16‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding. The horse initially presented with unilateral left sided exophthalmos and apparent blindness characterised by unilaterally absent menace and pupillary light responses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a well‐defined soft tissue mass intimately associated with the optic nerve. Based on the characteristic MRI appearance, a meningioma was suspected. The eye was enucleated under general anaesthesia and partial excision of the mass was achieved. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis and the horse underwent a course of adjuvant radiotherapy. Twelve months following surgery the horse is back in work, no neurological abnormalities have been detected and follow‐up computed tomographic imaging of the skull has revealed mild bone sclerosis with no remnants of the mass identified.  相似文献   

9.
A 13‐year‐old Swedish Warmblood mare was presented for evaluation of a mass on the medial aspect of the left vertical ear canal. The mass was initially resected using monopolar loop diathermy. Histopathological diagnosis of the excisional biopsy was a low‐grade malignant ceruminous adenocarcinoma. The clinical and histopathological features of this previously unreported neoplasm in the horse are described. A modified vertical ear canal ablation was performed in order to remove the base of the neoplasm with adequate free margins. The surgical technique is described. No recurrence was noted 2 years after surgery and the appearance and function of the pinna were retained.  相似文献   

10.
An ossicle associated with the palmar aspect of the carpus is described in five horses. The size of the ossicle varied from 3 x 4 mm to approximately 12 x 10 mm. The ossicles were located at the junction of the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones, between the palmaromedial aspect of the fourth carpal bone and the ulnar carpal bone. In 3 horses they were bilateral, in one horse unilateral, and only one limb was examined in the remaining horse. In all horses it was an incidental finding and not regarded to be a pathologic entity.  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three footing surfaces on the flexion/extension, and range of motion (ROM) of the carpus, tarsus and fetlocks in the horse. The percentage of stride spent in the stance phase of sound horses at the walk was also measured. Nine sound horses were walked on hard ground (HD), soft ground (SF) and a land treadmill (LT), and five complete gait cycles were recorded by a digital video camera. Retro-reflective markers were placed on the skin at four anatomical locations on the left fore and hind limbs, and data were analyzed using two-dimensional (2D) motion-analysis software. Maximal flexion/extension angles and range of motion were calculated for each joint, and the percentage of the stride spent in stance phase was determined for each stride.Maximal flexion of the tarsus and hind fetlock was greater on LT and SF compared to HD, while maximal flexion of the carpus was greater on LT compared to HD and SF. Maximal extension of the carpus was greater on HD compared to SF and LT, maximal extension of the tarsus was greater on HD and SF compared to LT, and maximal extension of the forelimb and hind limb fetlocks was greater on LT compared to HD and SF. The greatest overall ROM of the carpus and fetlocks was achieved on LT, while the greatest overall ROM of the tarsus was achieved on SF. The stance percentage of the stride for the hind limb was significantly different between all surfaces. In conclusion, walking surface influences flexion/extension of the carpus, tarsus and fetlocks in healthy horses, which should be considered when walking equine rehabilitation cases.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To measure concentrations of lidocaine serum after application of two 5% patches on horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental trial ANIMALS: Six client-owned, systemically healthy horses. METHODS: The hair was clipped on the medial aspect above the carpus of both fore limbs and 2 patches of 5% lidocaine were applied within 30 minutes of jugular catheter placement and the area was then bandaged. Venous blood was drawn from a jugular vein catheter that was inserted using lidocaine as a local block. Samples were drawn immediately before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after patch application. The presence of lidocaine in serum was determined using an ELISA test. RESULTS: Lidocaine was detected in the serum of three horses at 0 hours immediately following the local block for catheter placement. Lidocaine was not detected at any other time from 2 to 12 hours. There was mild erythema at the site of patch placement at 12 hours in one horse but this resolved within 1 hour of patch removal. There were no other apparent adverse effects from the patches on any other horse. CONCLUSION: Five percent lidocaine patches applied proximally to the carpus did not result in detectable systemic concentrations of lidocaine. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Any analgesic effects that might be produced by application of 5% lidocaine patches on horses will not be due to systemic absorption of the drug.  相似文献   

13.
A 14‐year‐old Arabian gelding presented for evaluation of macroscopic haematuria. Routine cystoscopy was performed under standing sedation during which the horse collapsed with apparent seizure activity. General anaesthesia was induced and the horse recovered neurologically normal. Four days later, during a perineal urethrotomy procedure, the horse experienced a similar collapse with seizure‐like activity. General anaesthesia was again induced and cystoscopy performed through the urethrotomy incision. A ventral bladder mass was visualised and sampled. Cytology confirmed a neoplastic process and the horse was subjected to euthanasia. Histopathology confirmed transitional cell carcinoma. Air embolism was the suspected cause of loss of consciousness and seizure activity in both instances.  相似文献   

14.
The objective of this study was to assess differences in serum protein expression profiles of Przewalski's (Mongolian wild horse) and thoroughbred horses using proteome analysis. The serum proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and five different gene products were identified. Proteins represented by the five spots were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)/MS technology. The identities of all proteins were deduced based on their similarity to proteins in the human plasma protein database. Three proteins (a haptoglobin‐2 alpha glycoprotein and two haptoglobin‐2beta glycoproteins with different accession numbers) were downregulated in Przewalski's horse sera compared to thoroughbred horse sera. Moreover, two proteins (tetraspanin‐18 and pM5) were upregulated in Przewalski's horses compared to thoroughbred horses. Haptoglobin‐2 alpha and haptoglobin‐2beta may serve as candidate molecules in future studies of inflammation, coagulation, immune modulation and pro‐oxidant and antioxidant activity with consequential effects on the entire metabolism of the horse.  相似文献   

15.
This experiment aimed to analyze the effects of different training stages on the limb angle of the Yili horse in 1 km trotter.8 Two-year-old Yili horses were selected as the test subjects.Through the 1 km trotter training for three months,the trotter test race was organized before and after the training.The video analysis was used to analyze the maximum limb opening angle,the minimum contraction angle and the extreme difference of limb angle of straight and curved horses in the process of exercise,and the difference of limb angle changes in different training stages were analyzed.The results showed that in the straight movement,the maximum opening angle and minimum contraction angle of shoulder angle before training were significantly less than those after three months training (P<0.05).The maximum opening angle and angle range of the elbow and the back fetlock angle before training were extremely significantly smaller than those after the three months training (P<0.01).The carpus and tarsus angle of the minimum contraction angle and angle range were extremely significantly different from those after the three months training (P<0.01).The maximum opening angle,minimum contraction angle and angular range of the front fetlock angle before the training were extremely significantly different from those after the three months training (P<0.01).In the curve movement,the maximum opening angle of the shoulder angle was significantly greater than those before the three months training (P<0.05).The minimum contraction angle and angle range of the elbow angle and the front fetlock angle were significantly different from those before the three months training (P<0.05).The minimum contraction angle of the carpus angle was extremely significantly greater than that of the three months after training (P<0.01),the angle range of the carpus angle before the training was significantly greater than three months after training (P<0.05).The maximum opening angle and angle range of the carpus angle were significantly greater than those before the three months training (P<0.01).The minimum contraction angle of the stifle angle before training was extremely significantly less than that after training for three months (P<0.01),the maximum opening angle and the angle range of the tarsus angle was significant greater than those before the three months training (P<0.05).In summary,the training affects the change of limb angles during the movement of the horse,and improves the stability of the horse movement and reduces the risk of injury.  相似文献   

16.
Objective— To report treatment of a comminuted ulnar carpal (UC) bone fracture associated with carpal instability by pancarpal arthrodesis using 2 locking compression plates (LCP).
Study Design— Case report.
Animals— A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly.
Methods— An UC fracture and luxation of the proximal row of carpal bones was diagnosed radiographically. Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed with 2 LCP positioned dorsolaterally and dorsomedially and centered over the carpus through a single skin incision. The filly was maintained in a full limb cast for 15 days, followed by a tube cast for 14 days, and subsequently a full limb bandage with caudal splint for 21 days.
Results— Two LCP provided appropriate carpal stability resulting in a pasture sound horse 6 months after surgery. The filly was discharged from the hospital 63 days after surgery, walking well with only a slight mechanical lameness.
Conclusion— Use of 2 LCP applied on the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspect of the carpus can provide carpal stability for pancarpal arthrodesis.
Clinical Relevance— Excellent stability of the carpal joints can be achieved with 2 LCP.  相似文献   

17.
In this report we describe a 3‐week‐old Paint horse filly that presented with rectal bleeding associated with a protruding mass. Rectal bleeding in neonates can be caused by infectious agents, trauma, congenital defects, rectal tears or tumours. Histopathology was performed on an avulsed piece of tissue. A second mass was identified endoscopically and was removed using a stapling instrument per rectum under endoscopic guidance and laparoscopic assistance. The mass was diagnosed as a rectal hamartoma. Recovery was uneventful.  相似文献   

18.
Movement analysis techniques allow objective and quantitative assessment of kinematic gait analysis. Consistent repeatability of the kinematic data is essential for such assessments. This study investigated whether the repeatability of a standardized Equinalysis Elite gait analysis system is sufficient to allow its use in clinical evaluation of equine lameness with reliable documentation of individual locomotion patterns. The extent to which examinations on different days affected the results when a standardized protocol was used was investigated. The repeatability of distal limb kinematics in nine sound horses over three successive days at one location was investigated. Measurements were performed at the examination area, for three motion cycles at the walk and trot, in each direction per day. Skin markers were placed on the lateral aspect of the coffin joint, forelimb fetlock joint, hindlimb fetlock joint, carpus, tarsus, elbow, and stifle, at clipped sites marked with a permanent marker. The inter-day repeatability of angular measurements of the carpus, tarsus, forelimb fetlock, and hindlimb fetlock joints was determined. A low degree of inter-day repeatability was found with statistically significant (P ≤ .05) differences between findings on different days, observed in the time-angle diagrams of left and right carpus, tarsus, forelimb fetlock, and hindlimb fetlock joints of all horses, at both walk and trot. The standardized Equinalysis Elite system for gait analysis of distal limb kinematics in the horse did not provide highly repeatable data in this setting.  相似文献   

19.
The case record, and subsequent racing performance, of 110 horses that had undergone arthroscopic surgery of the carpus, were reviewed. Of these, 87% resumed racing, with 43% able to win at least one race, after surgery. Horses with chip fractures from the distal radius had the best prognosis, while horses with sagittal fractures of the third carpal bone had the poorest. The performance of horses with bilateral lesions was similar to those with unilateral lesions. It was concluded that arthroscopic surgery was a suitable technique for the diagnosis and treatment of carpal lesions in the horse.  相似文献   

20.
A 14‐month‐old half‐breed horse showed a severe lameness due to a lesion of the right forefoot which appeared completely and asymmetrically cleaved, from the solar margin to the coronary band. The horse was presented to an abattoir for slaughter and both forelimbs were collected for diagnostic investigations. The hoof lesion described herein does not fulfil the diagnostic criteria of equine polydactyly since post mortem imaging and pathological investigations ruled out the presence of supernumerary digits. Based on the clinical signs, diagnostic imaging (computed tomography) and gross examination, a diagnosis of pseudo‐polydactyly was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, the features of the present case report are unique, thus widening the range of lesions observed at the level of the hoof, which is crucial for horse health and activity.  相似文献   

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