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1.
杉木人工林地力衰退的原因机制及其防治措施 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
本文重点论述了我国杉木人工林地力衰退的状况,从宏观和微观的角度,依据森林土壤组成、结构、性质与功能一致性原理,揭示杉木人工林地力衰退的原因机制,并从理论和林业生产实践上提出了防治杉木人工林地力衰退的途径。 相似文献
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人工林地力衰退研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过查阅大量文献,在前人对人工林地力衰退研究的基础上,论述了国内外有关人工林地力衰退研究的历史及现状;从不同的角度论述了人工林地力衰退的原因,如不合理的营林措施、连栽、纯林等;并在此基础上综述了人工林地力衰退的防治研究,如调整林分结构、营造混交林、改善现有营林制度等,概述了人工林地力衰退的新进展及今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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杉木人工林地力衰退原因及对策综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
杉木为速生用材树种，为我国解决用材短缺问题起到了重要作用。但目前由于片面追求速生丰产，营造大量杉木人工纯林，导致了杉木人工林林分生产力下降，林地地力衰退，尤其是在多代连栽杉木林地上，林地地力衰退问题就更加突出和严重。文章综述了我国杉木多代连栽人工林地力衰退的原因以及防止地力衰退的对策。 相似文献
4.
人工林地力衰退研究进展 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
论述国内外人工林地力衰退的现状,世界各地许多人工林都存在不同程度的地力衰退问题,出现衰退的造林树种主要有欧洲云杉、海岸松辆射松、日本落叶松、油棕、柚木、桉树、欧洲松等;在我国杉木、桉树、马尾松、杨树、长白落叶松、华山松等树种出现了生产力衰退现象。人工林地力衰退与气候、土壤、树种、人工林群落结构、育林措施等诸多因素有关。防治人工林方式,建立生态林业;改善人工林的经营制度;使用组装配套技术,提高经营水平。 相似文献
5.
杉木人工林地力衰退研究概述 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍了我国杉木人工林地力衰退的现状，从森林土壤条件、杉木人工林的营养循环特点和人为经营措施等方面分析了导致杉木人工林地力衰退的原因，提出营建人工复层林、林地施肥、适当延长轮伐期，加强植被管理和进行定位观测等措施防止地力衰退。 相似文献
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概述国内外人工林地力衰退情况,人工林地力衰退原因的探讨,从不合理的栽培措施、树种特性、人工林生态系统结构等方面分析了杉木人工林生产力下降的研究动态。提出改革栽培制度、改善林分结构、保护和发展阔叶林,控制杉木林的发展规模等对策,以实现林地持续利用。 相似文献
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杉木是我国南方主要的速生丰产树种,在人工林中占据重要地位。杉木多代连栽造成地力衰退、生产力下降、病虫害加剧,严重地影响了林业可持续发展。文章从杉木人工林经营面临的问题及其成因出发,探讨了杉木人工林持续经营的途径。 相似文献
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湖南杉木人工林近自然经营问题探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
德国人工林在19世纪,与湖南杉木人工林有相似之处,采用单一树种营造大面积人工林,造成地力消耗很大,无法实现林木的可持续利用。本文从杉木经营历史,分析了现有栽培制度下的炼山、幼林抚育、轮伐期短、林分结构单一等现状所导致的杉木人工林生产力下降、林地地力衰退。本研究引进德国森林近自然经营理念及原则改造杉木人工林,分别对杉木幼林、中林、成林进行第1代目标树经营,为第2代目标树形成创造有利条件,使林地地力得到恢复,达到可持续经营的目的,同时获得较大经济效益。 相似文献
12.
发育林下植被是恢复杉木人工林地力的重要途径 总被引：70，自引：5，他引：70
论述我国中亚热带杉木盛产区，通过间伐发育林下植被，改良土壤理，化性质，提高森林土壤生物活性，从而为通过合理的森林经营，发育林下植物群落，维护和提高森林土壤肥力，改良杉木人工林地力衰退，提供可靠的科学数据和途径。 相似文献
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杉木火力楠混交林和杉木纯林的生物量及分布格局研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析比较了16年生杉木火力楠混交林以及杉木纯林生物量及其分布格局。结果表明:杉木火力楠混交林乔木层生物量为189.35 t·hm-2,高出杉木纯林49.3%;其凋落物层生物量则为纯林的3.48倍。混交林中火力楠枝叶生物量分布高度高于杉木,有利于提高光能利用率;火力楠根系分布深度低于杉木,有利于提高土壤养分利用率。因而,杉木和火力楠混交林能形成较好的林分结构,可促进林分生产力的提高和地力改善,是值得推广的杉阔混交林模式。 相似文献
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亚热带地区杉木人工林和阔叶林土壤活性有机质研究(英文) 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
土壤活性有机质对土壤养分如氮、磷、硫的生物化学循环具有作用,其含量和质量影响土壤的初级生产力。本试验在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站通过对第一代、第二代杉木纯林和地带性阔叶林土壤活性有机质组分的对比研究,发现杉木纯林土壤活性有机质的含量低于地带性阔叶林。第一代杉木纯林易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和水溶性碳水化合物的含量分别比第二代杉木纯林高35.9%、13.7%、87.8%和50.9%,比地带性阔叶林的低15.8%、47.3%、38.1%和30.2%。在调查的三种林地内,土壤微生物生物量碳和水溶性有机碳含量下降幅度较大,其次为水溶性碳水化合物,而易氧化有机碳的变化最小。同时,杉木纯林土壤养分等理化性质也比地带性阔叶林低。这表明在杉木纯林取代地带性阔叶林以及杉木纯林连栽后林地的土壤肥力降低。图3 表2参26。 相似文献
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【目的】研究不同林龄杉木人工林土壤理化性质以及微生物对碳源利用的差异,明确林龄对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,为杉木人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据。【方法】在福建武夷山脉选择3、12和38年生的杉木人工林,采用Biolog-ECO法研究不同林龄杉木人工林表土层(0~20cm)土壤微生物对碳源的利用特征,并对土壤微生物利用各类碳源的特性进行热图分析、主成分分析(PCA)和相关性分析,揭示利用碳源的差异及导致差异的主要影响因素。【结果】不同林龄杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、McIntosh多样性指数和McIntosh均匀度指数均随林龄的增加而增加。在96~168h培养时间内,38年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性显著高于12年生和3年生(P<0.05)。38年生对酚酸类、胺类和氨基酸的利用强度较大,12年生对酚酸类、多聚物和氨基酸的利用强度较大,3年生对多聚物、羧酸和碳水化合物的利用强度较大,并且38年生土壤微生物群落代谢碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸和胺类的强度显著高于3年生,而12年生和3年生土壤微生物群落对6类碳源的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。热图分析结果表明:38年生和12年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落能够代谢31种碳源底物,而3年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落仅能代谢19种碳源底物。环境因子中,土壤pH、全氮、速效钾和碳氮比能够显著影响微生物群落的代谢功能。【结论】38年生杉木人工林表土层(0~20cm)土壤微生物群落代谢活性和多样性最高,3年生最低,pH、全氮含量随林龄的增加而上升,碳氮比则随林龄增加而下降,因此林龄是驱动杉木人工林土壤生物学和非生物性质变化的重要因素。 相似文献
16.
杉木幼林抚育技术的综合评价和决策 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文在全面分析不同抚育技术对杉木生长、群体结构、林地植被物种多样性、生物量、水土流失和抚育成本的影响基础上，运用灰色局势决策理论对不同抚育技术进行多目标决策，结果表明：块状抚育和全垦抚育可提高杉木的保存率，并促进杉木幼林的生长；抚育技术对杉木群体树高和地径结构有一定的影响，尤其是对地径结构；全垦抚育的成本最大，不抚育最小，块状抚育居中；块状抚育有利于形成多层次的林分结构和林地植被物种多样性的提高。综合评价结果表明块状抚育是南方林区较好的杉木幼林抚育方式，它既能有效地减少林地植被对杉木的竞争，保持杉木的正常生长，又能降低抚育成本和保持地力及物种多样性。这对今后指导杉木幼林抚育具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同发育阶段(幼龄林、中龄林、成熟林)对杉木人工林土壤肥力的影响,为揭示杉木地力衰退的原因提供依据。[方法]通过对南方杉木中心产区不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤理化性质的测定,利用数学模糊评价和主成分分析2种方法,综合比较不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤肥力。[结果]不同发育阶段对人工林土壤物理、化学性质均有显著影响。在同一发育阶段中,杉木人工林表层土与底层土之间存在差异(p0.001);土壤质量含水量对土壤物理性质具有显著指示作用,有机质、p H值与土壤养分指标呈显著相关;主成分分析和模糊评价方法均得出不同发育阶段杉木林土壤肥力呈现幼龄林成熟林中龄林的规律。[结论]随着杉木栽植时间的增长,需要采取施肥、间伐等人工干预恢复地力,进而满足杉木速生需求。 相似文献
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C and N stocks under three plantation forest ecosystems of Chinese fir, Michelia macclurei and their mixture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), a type of subtropical fast-growing conifer tree, is widely distributed in South China. Its plantation area covers more
than 7 × 106 hm2, accounting for 24% of the total area of plantation forests in the country. In recent decades, the system of successive plantation
of Chinese fir has been widely used in southern China due to anticipated high economic return. However, recent studies have
documented that the practice of this system has led to dramatic decreases in soil fertility and forest environment as well
as in productivity.
Some forest ecologists and managers recognize the ecological role performed by broadleaf trees growing in mixtures with conifers,
and a great deal of studies on mixture effects have been conducted, particularly on mixture species of temperate and boreal
forests, but these research results were not completely consistent. Possibilities include dependence of the mixture effects
in large part to specific site conditions, the interactions among species in mixtures and biological characteristics of species.
Although some researchers also studied the effects of mixtures of Chinese fir and broadleaf tree species on soil fertility,
forest environment and tree growth status, little information is available about the effects of Chinese fir and its mixtures
with broadleaves on carbon and nitrogen stocks.
The experimental site is situated at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan
Province (26°40′–27°09′ N, 109°26′–110°08′ E). It is located at the transition zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the
low mountains and hills of the southern bank of the Yangtze River at an altitude of 300–1,100 m above mean sea level. At the
same time, the site is also a member of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), sponsored by the Chinese Academy of
Sciences (CAS). This region has a humid mid-subtropical monsoon climate with a mean annual precipitation of 1,200–1,400 mm,
most of the rain falling between April and August, and a mean temperature of 16.5°C with a mean minimum of 4.9°C in January
and a mean maximum of 26.6°C in July. The experimental field has red-yellow soil.
After a clear-cutting of the first generation Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation forest in 1982, three different plantation forest ecosystems, viz. mixture of Michelia macclurei and Chinese fir (MCM), pure Michelia macclurei stand (PMS) and pure Chinese fir stand (PCS), were established in the spring of 1983. A comparative study on C and N stocks
under these three plantation forest ecosystems was conducted in 2004. Results showed that carbon stocks were greater under
the mixtures than under the pure Chinese fir forest and the pure broad-leaved forest, and the broadleaves and the mixtures
showed higher values in nitrogen stocks compared with the pure Chinese fir forest. The spatial distribution of carbon and
nitrogen stocks was basically consistent, the value being greater in soil layer, followed by tree layer, roots, understory
and litter layer. The carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil layer were both highly correlated with the biomass in understory
and litter layer, indicating that understory and forest litterfall exerted a profound effect on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks
under plantation ecosystems. However, correlations among soil carbon, nitrogen stocks and below ground biomass of stand have
not been observed in this study.
Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(12): 3,146–3,154 [译自: 生态学报] 相似文献
19.
In order to decrease the soil nutrient loss in young planted Chinese fir (Cunningharnia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) forestland
and to investigate the impact of young Chinese fir plantation intercropped with crops on soil quality, a field experiment
was set up in the mid-subtropics of China in 1998. The effects of growing crops in combination with young Chinese fir on soil
properties were evaluated by measuring physico-chemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters five years after the beginning
of this experiment. Three treatments were selected in the experiment, i.e., Chinese fir plantation intercropped with peanut
(Arachis hypogaea L.) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence (C-P/W); Chinese fir plantation intercropped with maize
(Zea mays L.)-wheat cropping sequence (C-M/W) and only Chinese fir plantation (Control). Soils were sampled at the 0–10 cm
depth in 2003. The increases in soil nutrients (especially with respect to soil available nutrients), soil microbial biomass
C (SMBC), microbial quotient (MQ), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbe numbers and enzyme activities and slight decrease
in metabolic quotient (qCO2) as well as melioration in soil structure and humus quality were observed in tree-crop combinations compared with sole plantation
of Chinese fir, although the differences were not always statistically significant. In addition, the evidence obtained from
this study also suggests that Chinese fir-crop combination can promote the growth of young Chinese fir. Therefore, growing
crops in combination with young Chinese fir can be considered a good forest management practice, helping to limit the gradual
depletion of soil nutrients and, at the same time, to some degree controlling the degradation of planted Chinese fir forestland. 相似文献