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1.
van den Wollenberg L Butler CM Houwers DJ de Grootv MW Panhuijzen H van Maanen C van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2011,136(8):565-570
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is an emerging infectious enteric disease caused by the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. EPE was tentatively diagnosed in six weanling foals, aged between 5 and 7 months. Clinical signs included depression, anorexia, ventral oedema, and weight loss. Plasma biochemistry consistently revealed severe hypoproteinaemia. The ante-mortem diagnosis of EPE was based on clinical signs, hypoproteinaemia (6/6), the detection of moderate-to-high titres of L. intracellularis antibody (6/6), and severe thickening of the small intestinal wall on ultrasonography (2/2), or L. intracellularis detected in faeces by PCR (I/2). The first foal died despite treatment and at post-mortem examination the tentative diagnosis was EPE. Three foals from the same farm, which showed similar clinical symptoms were treated with azithromycin and rifampicin; two survived. Post-mortem examination of the foal that died confirmed the tentative clinical diagnosis of EPE on the basis of the lesions found and the detection of L. intracellularis--DNA in the ileum and jejunum. The fifth foal died despite intensive treatment and the post-mortem examination revealed lymphohistiocytic enteritis, typhlitis, and widespread thrombosis in several organs. The sixth foal recovered completely after treatment. This report confirms the presence of clinical L. intracellularis infection in weanling foals in the Netherlands and shows the difficulty in reaching a definitive ante-mortem diagnosis. 相似文献
2.
Albertine Léon Stéphane Pronost Jackie Tapprest Nathalie Foucher Béatrice Blanchard Geneviève André-Fontaine Claire Laugier Guillaume Fortier Roland Leclercq 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(2):218-221
Studies were carried out to determine the cause of death in a prematurely born Thoroughbred foal that died 24 hours after birth. Necropsy revealed gross lesions suggestive of septicemia. A commercial Leptospira polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay designed to specifically amplify the hemolysis-associated protein 1 (hap1) gene present only in pathogenic Leptospira strains detected the presence of Leptospira DNA in various tissues of the foal. Histologic examination of lung, liver, kidney, and myocardium revealed numerous spirochetes in Warthin-Starry-stained tissue sections. Results of PCR analysis and histologic examination suggested a leptospiral infection in the newborn foal. At the moment of death, the infection coexisted with a streptococcal-associated aspiration bronchopneumonia and postpartum septicemia. These findings indicate that the PCR assay based on the amplification of the hap1 gene represents a useful tool for specific detection of pathogenic leptospira in field samples taken from horses. 相似文献
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4.
Sharkey LC DeWitt S Stockman C 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(2):254-258
A 23-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was referred for the evaluation of acute onset of ataxia and depression, and a 2-day history of fever. On physical examination, the gelding was profoundly depressed and 10-12% dehydrated. The horse appeared very unstable, with a wide-based stance in the hind limbs, severe symmetric ataxia in all 4 limbs, and proprioceptive deficits in both hind limbs. Nasogastric intubation produced 4 L of brown, fetid reflux, and rectal examination revealed mild small intestinal and cecal distention. Hematologic abnormalities included neutropenia with toxic change, compatible with acute inflammation and endotoxemia, and prolonged coagulation times. Serum biochemical abnormalities included prerenal azotemia. metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte abnormalities consistent with enteritis. Blood ammonia concentration was markedly increased (406 micromol/L; reference interval 4-49 micromol/L), however, serum bile acids concentration and hepatic enzyme activities were within reference intervals. Histopathologic examination of a liver biopsy revealed no abnormalities and results of tests for several infectious agents were negative. Clinical signs resolved with correction of the dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities and with antibiotic therapy. The horse was diagnosed with hyperammonemic neuropathy associated with gastrointestinal disease. In such cases, hyperammonemia is caused by increased production of ammonia by organisms in the gastrointestinal tract in combination with increased gut permeability that facilitates ammonia absorption. 相似文献
5.
Adkesson MJ Gorman ME Hsiao V Whittington JK Langan JN 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(1):97-100
Abstract A 2-year-old, male, red-necked (Bennett's) wallaby ( Macropus rufogriseus ) from a zoological facility was presented for peracute onset of severe depression, unresponsiveness, ataxia, and loose feces. Serum biochemical abnormalities included azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, increased alanine aminotransferase activity, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia, consistent with multi-organ system failure. Severe thrombocytopenia suggested possible disseminated intravascular coagulation. Peripheral blood smear examination revealed numerous ovoid, protozoal inclusions within monocytes and occasionally within neutrophils. Despite aggressive supportive therapy, the patent died within 5 hours of presentation. Gross necropsy and histopathologic findings included severe multifocal necrotizing lesions in multiple organs. Numerous intralesional protozoal organisms were observed and were identified as Toxoplasma gondii by immunohistochemistry. Macropods (wallabies and kangaroos) are known to be highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis, with high mortality rates; diagnosis most often is obtained at necropsy. Detection of protozoal organisms in peripheral blood leukocytes is reported rarely and has not been documented previously in a macropod. Parasitemia in this case was attributed to severe, disseminated disease. Careful examination of peripheral blood smears in macropods suspected of toxoplasmosis may be warranted. 相似文献
6.
This case report describes the clinical progression of a 5-day-old Oldenburg colt presented for acute severe right hindlimb lameness. The foal had diarrhoea at presentation, and over the next 24 h became tachycardic and febrile with cold extremities in the hindlimbs and began to bear weight on the dorsum of both hind fetlocks. Diagnostic work-up included physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography and clinicopathological testing. Treatment consisted of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, gastroprotectants, oral di-tri-octahedral smectite, hyperimmune plasma and isotonic crystalloid fluids for diarrhoea. Bandages and splints were applied to the hindlimbs to assist ambulation and prevent weightbearing on the dorsum of the fetlocks. The foal developed oedema of both hindlimbs, and ultrasonographic evaluation revealed gas pockets within the subcutaneous tissues. An ultrasound-guided aspirate of the right hindlimb oedema was submitted for cytology, which revealed presumed Clostridial spores, and culture, which yielded heavy growth of Escherichia coli. Surgical fenestration of the hindlimbs was performed due to suspected Clostridial myositis. The foal continued to decline clinically and was humanely subjected to euthanasia. Post-mortem evaluation revealed septicaemia and thromboembolism of the terminal abdominal aorta resulting in partial obstruction of blood flow to the pelvic limbs with resultant bacterial myositis (Clostridium [suspected] and Escherichia coli [confirmed]). In summary, thrombosis is a potential sequela to coagulopathy seen in septicaemia and should be considered a differential diagnosis in neonatal foals presenting for lameness. 相似文献
7.
Maleski K Magdesian KG LaFranco-Scheuch L Pappagianis D Carlson GP 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(17):505-508
A 13-day-old foal with profound tachypnoea and respiratory distress was examined. Thoracic radiographs revealed a severe, diffuse miliary pattern, and the foal was markedly hypoxaemic. It failed to improve with empirical treatment, and was euthanased. Lesions associated with Coccidioides immitis infection were identified at postmortem examination, and were limited to the lower respiratory tract. 相似文献
8.
B. Bezdekova M. Skoric M. Pekarkova R. Kabes E. Vavrouchova O. Dobesova K. Corley 《Equine Veterinary Education》2012,24(9):447-452
A Warmblood foal was admitted at one day of age because of prematurity and seizures. Clinical and clinical pathology abnormalities were consistent with prematurity and suspected hypoxic seizures that responded to anti‐convulsive therapy. The foal stabilised after several days of intensive care but then developed an airway infection. Thoracic radiographs showed multiple cavitary lesions and ultrasound examination suggested intra‐cavital haemorrhage. The foal went on to develop septicaemia and was subjected to euthanasia. Post mortem examination revealed multiple bullous emphysema with haemorrhage. This disorder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of foals having air‐fluid filled cavities on thoracic radiographs. 相似文献
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P S Morley M Desnoyers 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(10):1515-1517
A 3-day-old Quarter Horse colt was examined because of signs of severe depression, discomfort, and abdominal straining. The foal seemed disoriented, and the abdomen was tense and distended ventrally. The differential diagnoses included ruptured urinary bladder, retained meconium, septicemia/bacteremia, and neonatal maladjustment syndrome. Serum biochemical analysis revealed marked hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and moderate hyperkalemia, as well as mildly high urea, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations. The primary differential diagnosis at this time was ruptured urinary bladder. Abdominocentesis was performed to confirm this diagnosis. Microscopic examination of abdominal fluid revealed calcium carbonate crystals, which originated from the urine of the foal. Biochemical analysis also confirmed the diagnosis of ruptured urinary bladder, because the ratio of peritoneal fluid creatinine to serum creatinine was 2.8:1. The foal died before surgical correction could be attempted. 相似文献
10.
The pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
J A Yager 《Veterinary microbiology》1987,14(3):225-232
The pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals is reviewed. The main routes of infection are respiratory and alimentary. The latter is probably the chief route of exposure in all foals and probably leads to development of specific immunity. Susceptible foals, those whose maternal immunity wanes before generation of their own immune response, readily develop disease if exposed aerogenously to sufficient numbers of R. equi. Management and environmental circumstances have a major role to play in determining the magnitude of this challenge and, therefore, in the prevalence of the disease. Infection of a naive foal leads to severe, suppurative bronchopneumonia with suppurative lymphadenitis of regional nodes and, in approximately 50% of animals, to necrotizing enterocolitis. The foal is uniquely susceptible to R. equi pneumonia; comparable experimental infections do not produce progressive destructive pulmonary lesions in other animal species. In the naive foal lung, R. equi behaves as a facultative intracellular pathogen, avoiding destruction within the alveolar macrophage by inhibiting phagolysosome fusion and possibly by causing lysosomal degranulation. The role of putative virulence factors, such as equi factor, remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
11.
A two-month-old Red Angus heifer calf presented to the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Care for evaluation of suspected severe bronchopneumonia. Pertinent physical exam findings included tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea with a significant abdominal component, and cyanotic mucous membranes. On thoracic auscultation, wheezes were present bilaterally, as well as a grade 2/6 right apical systolic murmur. Thoracic radiographs revealed cardiomegaly, most severely affecting the right side. Echocardiography showed tricuspid valve dysplasia, resulting in severe tricuspid regurgitation and right-heart dilation, as well as a patent foramen ovale. A postmortem examination confirmed the presence of the aforementioned cardiac abnormalities and revealed only mild pulmonary changes. This case report is the first to describe tricuspid dysplasia in the absence of multiple, complex congenital cardiac abnormalities in a calf, and it highlights the value of echocardiography for an antemortem diagnosis. 相似文献
12.
An eighteen-hour-old Tennessee walking horse foal was referred due to weakness and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed dehydration, distended abdomen, and uveitis. Blood analysis revealed leukopenia, neutrophils’ toxicity and left shift. The foal developed bloody diarrhea, gastric reflux, and was diagnosed with sepsis and enterocolitis. The foal was treated with intravenous fluids, plasma, antibiotics (ceftriaxone and metronidazole), partial parenteral nutrition (dextrose and amino acids), flunixin meglumine, and ophthalmic drops. Umbilical ultrasound revealed a fluid pocket adjacent to the umbilical vein; therefore, omphalectomy was performed. Umbilicus and blood were cultured. Results recovered two multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli clones, identified as ST38 (umbilicus) and ST361 (blood), harboring two different plasmids encoding blaCTX-M-15. Antibiotic treatment was replaced with imipenem and amikacin, but the foal deteriorated and was euthanized. Postmortem investigation revealed severe ulcerative enteritis, a perforation site and acute renal infarcts. Sepsis due to several different ESBL-producing E. coli strains should be considered, investigated, and treated accordingly. 相似文献
13.
E.M. Milne BVM&#x;S PhD I.T.G. Pyrah BVM&#x;S K.C. Smith BVM&#x;S K.E. Whitwell BVSc 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1995,15(3)
A nine-week-old Clydesdale foal was presented with severe anemia, panleucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed marrow fat and bone spicules but was almost acellular, indicating the existence of aplastic anemia. Histological examination of marrow obtained at post mortem examination revealed only occasional nests of mononuclear cells. Marked biliary hyperplasia was present in the liver. The etiology was uncertain but a toxic insult resulting in aplastic anemia and hepatic disease may have occurred in utero or in the neonatal period. This appears to be the first report of aplastic anemia in a foal. 相似文献
14.
L. H. de Aguiar V. C. L. Gomes L. J. Paul F. M. Andrews M. K. Chaffin J. L. Sones 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(4):e157-e162
Although chronic renal disease is uncommon in horses, guidelines for management of the broodmare with kidney disease are needed to ensure successful foaling. Herein, we present a case report of a broodmare with chronic renal disease that produced a live foal, and parturition was predicted by monitoring pH and electrolytes in the milk. A 15-year-old pregnant mare presented with a history of poor body condition and weight loss despite an excellent appetite. At presentation, the mare was bright, alert and responsive, with severe pitting ventral oedema and vital parameters within normal limits. Plasma biochemistry revealed azotaemia, hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia. Based on clinical ultrasonographic and biochemical parameters, the mare was diagnosed with renal failure. Pregnancy was assessed by transabdominal ultrasound, and the fetal parameters were within normal limits; however, an increased combined thickness of the uterus and placenta and oedematous fetal membranes were found. Monitoring of mammary secretions accurately predicted the onset of foaling at 326 days of gestation. A healthy filly was delivered, and the fetal membranes were passed in a timely manner without complications. Physical examination and haematological parameters were within the normal limits for a neonate foal, except for a mild elevation in blood urea nitrogen. Two weeks later, the mare was subjected to euthanasia due to worsening of her condition. At necropsy and on histopathological examination, the findings were consistent with chronic renal disease. This case demonstrates that a pregnant horse with chronic renal disease can be managed with supportive care and produce a viable foal. Fetal well-being and mare’s prefoaling milk electrolytes were similar to parameters measured in healthy pregnant mares, suggesting that the feto-placental unit may be spared of the dam’s systemic disease. Prepartum physiological changes in the milk may be unaltered with concurrent maternal renal disease and still be useful for foaling prediction. 相似文献
15.
Aortic rupture causing cardiac tamponade in a 24‐day‐old Friesian colt with concurrent colonic Chlamydiosis and Balantidiasis 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Diel de Amorim K. Nielsen B. McKell Y. Huang C. Card 《Equine Veterinary Education》2016,28(2):68-73
A 24‐day‐old Friesian colt died suddenly and a physical examination the morning the foal died showed no abnormalities and serum IgG levels >8.0 g/l. Necropsy examination revealed haemopericardium and a 2 cm transverse tear at the root of the aorta. The foal was also found to have Chlamydophila spp. in the epithelium and Balantidium coli on the mucosal surface of the large colon. An aortic rupture is a novel finding in a foal, colonic Chlamydiosis has not been previously reported in horses and Balantidium coli has not been reported in equids in North America. 相似文献
16.
Cholangiohepatitis and pancreatitis secondary to severe gastroduodenal ulceration in a foal 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Buote M 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(9):746-748
A 2-month-old foal was presented with clinical signs of colic. Gastroduodenal ulceration was suspected. A poor response to medical treatment and signs of gastroduodenal obstruction led to celiotomy and an attempted bypass procedure. The foal was euthanized and postmortem examination revealed gastric ulceration, segmental duodenal stenosis, and severe chronic cholangiohepatitis and pancreatitis. 相似文献
17.
CASE HISTORY: A 7-year-old, sterilised male German Shepherd dog was presented with a history of three episodes of severe haemoptysis and associated dyspnoea within a 3-week period. A generalised tonic-clonic seizure was witnessed preceding the third episode. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Thoracic radiographs revealed a severe bilateral alveolar lung pattern of the caudodorsal lung fields; extension into the left cranial lung lobe was present but pulmonary vessels were within normal size limits. Frank blood was the only abnormality present at bronchoscopy. A coagulation profile, parasitological screening, thoracic and brain computed tomography (CT), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytological analysis did not identify any abnormalities. DIAGNOSIS: Haemoptysis due to either severe neurogenic pulmonary oedema or rupture of the pulmonary capillaries secondary to seizures was considered a possible diagnosis. The primary generalised seizures were attributed to late-onset idiopathic epilepsy diagnosed by exclusion of other causes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first known case report describing severe haemoptysis associated with seizures in a dog. 相似文献
18.
Tegtmeier C Uttenthal A Friis NF Jensen NE Jensen HE 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1999,46(10):693-700
During 1 year, the association between microbiological and pathological findings in 72 lungs from calves submitted to the Danish Veterinary Laboratory for diagnostic purposes was studied. All cases were evaluated pathologically and bacteriologically, whereas only 68 cases were examined for the presence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3 virus) and bovine coronavirus, 62 cases for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVD), 45 cases for bovine adenovirus and 51 cases for mycoplasmas. Based on histopathological examination, the cases were diagnosed as fibrinous and/or necrotizing bronchopneumonia, suppurative bronchopneumonia, embolic pneumonia and others. The diagnoses were based on the dominating and most severe lesions in each lung. Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella multocida, Actinomyces pyogenes, P. haemolytica and BRSV were the most commonly found bacterial and viral lung pathogens, respectively. Pasteurella spp. and H. somnus were often associated with the more severe fibrinonecrotizing type of bronchopneumonia, whereas BRSV was primarily detected in cases of suppurative bronchopneumonia. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from one case only, whereas M. dispar, M. bovirhinis and Ureaplasma diversum were present, often concomitantly, in the majority of cases. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from one case. 相似文献
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A 7-year-old, spayed female, Wheaton terrier dog was icteric, lethargic, and anorexic with increased activity of hepatocellular and cholestatic liver enzymes and an extreme hyperbilirubinemia level of 609 micromol/L (reference interval: 1.0-4.0 micromol/L). Necropsy findings included profound icterus and red and yellow mottling of the liver. Yellow discoloration of the thalamic and subthalamic nuclei was detected on subgross examination of the formalin-fixed brain. Histologic examination of the brain revealed neuronal necrosis within the discolored nuclei, necrosis of Purkinje cells, and Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the cerebrocortical gray matter and in the nuclei, with gross discoloration. Histologic examination of the liver revealed extensive necrosis in a periacinar-to-bridging pattern and often extending to portal triads. A case of naturally occurring kernicterus in an adult dog secondary to extreme hyperbilirubinemia resulting from fulminant hepatic failure is reported. The few reports of this disease in domestic species involved neonates, namely 1 foal and 1 kitten. 相似文献
20.
The present report describes a case of Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus pneumonia in turkey poults. Initially, 3-day-old poults with a history of increased mortality were submitted for necropsy. The poults had severe bilateral consolidation of the lungs with miliary caseous nodules. The gross lesions in the lungs were highly suggestive of aspergillosis. The next day, postmortem examinations were performed on 60 dead poults at the farm, and all 60 had similar lung lesions. Histopathologic examination of affected lungs revealed severe subacute multifocal bronchopneumonia with intralesional bacteria. Tissue Gram stain of lung sections demonstrated gram-positive bacterial cocci. Gomori methenamine silver stain of the lungs failed to demonstrate fungal agents. The histologic distribution of the lesions suggested an aerogenous route of infection. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in pure culture from affected lungs. Hatchery contamination was suspected because of the severity and early onset of the lesions. Bacterial monitoring at the hatchery demonstrated marked Staph. aureus contamination in two setters, a hatcher's air duct, and the poult room. Improved hatchery cleaning and disinfection prevented a reoccurrence of the problem. 相似文献