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1.
Grass, clover and alfalfa are used for production of fodder pellets. In the green crop drying factories in the northern countries the drying is combined with pressing of the green crops resulting in production of large volumes of plant juices, green and brown juice. In order to get rid of these enormous amounts of plant juice, representing an environmental threat, it is our aim to convert the simple drying industry to a whole crop utilisation factory, a green biorefinery, where the plant juice can be used as raw material in a fermentation process. As the plant juice is very unstable, it has been necessary to develop a method for both conservation and utilisation of the juice. The plant juice is converted to a nice universal fermentation medium by lactic acid bacteria. A number of lactic acid producing strains have been tested. Among the most productive strains, Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei P4155 is found to be the most effective in utilising fructans and citric acid. Most carbohydrates and organic acids in the juice can be converted to lactic acid by two homofermentative lactobacilli. The highest lactic acid yield and productivity is reached when using not-heat sterilised brown or green juice as the fermentation medium. The amount of free amino acids in the juice is increased and the content of vitamins and other important growth factors kept unspoiled by the lactic acid fermentation. The fermented juice can be stored as it is or evaporated to a concentrated form and used in fermentation industries for production of amino acids, organic acids, enzymes etc.  相似文献   

2.
Cashew apples and kernels from sixteen high-yielding varieties were chemically characterized. Protein, starch, amino acids and sodium contents in cashew kernels did not vary significantly among the high-yielding varieties. Reducing sugar content in the kernel was negligible compared to total sugar. Ascorbic acid, amino acid, phenol and tannin contents in cashew apple showed a significant variation among high-yielding varieties. Non-reducing sugar content in cashew apples was negligible. Varieties M 6/1, Bla 256-1, M 10/4 and M 44/3 appeared to be better for apple juice extraction because of their low tannin content. No varietal difference was noticed with respect to qualitative composition of sugars, organic acids and phenols.CPCRI Contribution No. 459  相似文献   

3.
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is particularly suitable as a feedstock for a variety of bioprocesses, largely because of its high yields of both lignocellulosic biomass and fermentable saccharides. Sweet sorghum is less economically important for refined sugar production than other sugar crops, e.g., sugar beet and sugarcane, but can produce more raw fermentable sugar under marginal conditions than those crops. In this review, the agronomic requirements of sorghum (viz., water, soil, and nutrient requirements), cultural practices, and plant morphology are discussed from a bioprocessing perspective. Historically, sugar extraction from the plant in the form of juice has been of primary interest; these methods, along with modern developments are presented. Recently, the direct yeast fermentation of sorghum juice for ethanol production has been studied. Additionally, the bagasse resulting from the juice extraction has been used for a variety of potential products: forage, silage, combustion energy, synthesis gas, and paper. The bagasse contains high levels of relatively low crystallinity cellulose, along with relatively labile lignin, and so is itself of interest as a fermentation feedstock. Whole sorghum stalk, and its bagasse, have been subjected to studies of a wide array of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes. The potential fermentation products of sweet sorghum are wide ranging; those demonstrated include ethanol, acetone, butanol, various lipids, lactic acid, hydrogen, and methane. Several potential native products of the plant, in addition to cellulose for paper production, are also identified: waxes, proteins, and allelopathic compounds, such as sorgoleone.  相似文献   

4.
Tunisian pomegranate genetic resources consist of sweet and sour cultivars, showing large morphometric variability. In the present work we characterized seeds and juice contents of sugars and organic acids of 5 sour and 7 sweet pomegranate cultivars. Results showed that citric acid was predominant in sour pomegranates, while malic acid was the most prevalent in sweet ones. Paradoxically, sour cultivars have higher sugar content than the sweet ones. A strong correlation was found between sourness and citric acid content, which is assumed to be the major factor that determines sour taste in pomegranate fruits. Besides, some of the seed parameters showed a significant positive correlation with acidity. Sweet cultivars were appropriate for fresh consumption and juice production due to several attributes in addition to their sweetness. Equally, sour pomegranate showed several characteristics that could be of great interest for food and nutraceutical industries.  相似文献   

5.
丙糖膏助晶中存在的美拉德反应,会产生大量气体,气体阻扰糖晶体吸收糖分子,影响蔗糖收回。对比了市售的聚甘油脂肪酸酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯两种表面活性剂以及自制不同聚合度的聚甘油脂肪酸酯对丙糖膏流速的影响,并在糖厂进行生产试验。结果表明:表面活性剂的添加可以清除丙糖膏中的气泡,从而增大晶体与糖液中糖分子的接触面积,降低糖液流动阻力,增强对流,提高助晶效率。处理霜冻、陈旧变质甘蔗时,添加A号聚甘油脂肪酸酯帮助丙糖膏助晶可以提高7.5%生产能力,提高丙糖膏废蜜纯度差1.6GP,为企业带来可观经济效益及诸多边际效益。  相似文献   

6.
以酿酒酵母DCCS101为出发菌株，研究其在不同条件下脱除挥发醋酸的效果。结果表明：以新鲜的荔枝汁作为发酵基质，酿酒酵母脱除外源醋酸的能力最大可达45%，但外源醋酸浓度高达2 g/L时，发酵终了醋酸浓度仍然达不到荔枝酒挥发酸最低标准的要求； 酿酒酵母DCCS101脱除醋酸的速度与酵母生长繁殖速度有关。在以新鲜荔枝汁作为发酵基质的情况下，酵母生长繁殖指数期时脱除醋酸的速度最快；用新鲜荔枝汁调整荔枝酸酒作为发酵基质，在低糖高酒精度增氧条件下醋酸脱除率高达86.3%；以荔枝酸酒直接作为发酵基质，酿酒酵母DCCS  相似文献   

7.
为研究一种新型天然酸性豆腐凝固剂,以柠檬汁制备豆腐,以感官评价和持水力为指标,采用单因素和正交实验,结合模糊数学评价法优化柠檬豆腐的加工工艺。结果表明:柠檬豆腐的最佳加工工艺组合为豆水比为1∶10,柠檬汁添加量为55%,点浆温度为70℃,养花时间为20 min,此工艺组合下制得的柠檬豆腐有浓郁的豆香味与柠檬香气,无酸涩味,断面光滑细腻,弹性好,持水力最好。  相似文献   

8.
因西番莲果汁具有多种水果的浓郁香味,可建立更全面的气相色谱-质谱联用检测条件。利用气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用(GC-O-MS)技术确定西番莲果汁中14种香气主要挥发性成分,再结合顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析不同萃取条件下西番莲果汁的香气主要挥发性成分,建立萃取方法。通过实验分析,得到条件如下:未添加氯化钠的西番莲果汁,取汁量为0.5 mL,65μm DVB/PDMS萃取头,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间20 min,解吸时间5 min。鉴定得到62种挥发成分,包括酯类、醇类、烯类、酮类化合物,其中酯类化合物为71.58%,是西番莲果汁香气的主要贡献化合物类,此检测方法有效可行。  相似文献   

9.
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an annual crop currently being investigated for biofuel production in the arid southwest United States (U.S.). Sweet sorghum is an ideal candidate because it can be grown under reduced inputs (water, fertilizer) and responds more efficiently to stresses than traditional crops. Many varieties have been bred for high sugar, syrup, and forage production, but much biodiversity still remains to be utilized.Studies performed in 2006 and 2007 found that high biomass and percent juice extracted were the best predictors of potential ethanol yield per area. This investigation was undertaken to determine what effects planting dates have on overall sugar and predicted ethanol yields.Four varieties (Dale, M81E, Theis, and Topper) were planted in April, May, June, and July of 2008. They were harvested at physiological maturity, with dates ranging from August 26 to December 2. Biomass, juice weight, and Brix of the juice were recorded in the field. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for fructose, glucose, and sucrose.Theoretical ethanol yields were calculated based on biomass, juice weight, and percent sugar. These were compared to actual yields obtained from laboratory-scale fermentations of the harvested juice, which ranged from 7.4% to 11.2% (58.1-88.6 g L−1). Since our predictive model uses the maximum conversion rate of sugar to ethanol and this was not reached in the lab, the predicted yields were always higher than the actual yields. However, the model can be a useful tool for estimating ethanol yield per area.Total sugars and predicted ethanol production were influenced by planting date, but the degree of the effects depended on the cultivar planted. Overall a May planting date at this location is preferable due to consistently higher values for the yield components analyzed, and Theis is not recommended due to its high susceptibility to heat. Sweet sorghum juice has been successfully fermented into ethanol, which indicates this crop may be able to play a transitory role in the emerging biofuel market.  相似文献   

10.
研究苦瓜菊花清凉饮料的生产工艺,采用VC和氯化锌等复合护色剂对苦瓜进行护色,用氯化钠和柠檬酸进行脱苦;以菊花浸提时间、温度、固液比为主要因素,对菊花的浸提工艺进行了优化,最后进行苦瓜菊花汁饮料的配方优化。结果表明,采用苦瓜汁8 %、菊花茶汁60 %、白砂糖8 %、柠檬酸0.12 %等配比,可制得营养丰富、口感适宜、清暑止渴、品质优良的苦瓜菊花清凉茶饮料。  相似文献   

11.
采用气相色谱(GC)及色谱一质谱联用(GC/MS)法测定了霍霍巴籽油化学组成。证实福建东山岛沙滩生长的霍霍巴籽粒提取的油与一般植物油大不相同,其主要成分不是通常植物油中所含的脂肪酸甘油酯而是一元不饱和脂肪酸(主要是20碳—烯酸及22碳—烯酸)和一元不饱和脂肪醇(主要是20碳—烯醇和22碳—烯醇)组成的长链脂肪酸酯。  相似文献   

12.
果蔗含有丰富的糖分、纤维分、水分、矿质元素、氨基酸等,这些成分指标受环境条件与品种因素的影响.本文分析了我国主栽的2个果蔗品种的矿质养分含量及品质指标在不同蔗区之间的差异.于果蔗成熟期,分别在广东、广西、云南、海南4个甘蔗主产区,选取在我国具有代表性的2个果蔗品种('Badila'和'粤糖54-474')为材料,对其主...  相似文献   

13.
Phenolic compounds in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice were identified and quantified by analytical high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection, showing the predominance of flavones (apigenin, luteolin and tricin derivatives), among flavonoids, and of hydroxycinnamic, caffeic and sinapic acids, among phenolic acids, representing a total content of around 160 mg/L. A tricin derivative was present in the highest proportion (>10% of the total). The phenolic extract obtained from sugar cane juice showed a protective effect against in vivo MeHgCl intoxication and potent inhibition of ex vivo lipoperoxidation of rat brain homogenates, indicating a potential use for beneficial health effects and/or therapeutic applications.  相似文献   

14.
Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, was recovered from the cooking water of shrimp processing facilities. The oil contains significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride form, along with substantial long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). It also features natural isomeric forms of astaxanthin, a nutritional carotenoid, which gives the oil a brilliant red color. As part of our efforts in developing value added products from waste streams of the seafood processing industry, we present in this paper a comprehensive characterization of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) and astaxanthin esters that predominate in the shrimp oil by using HPLC-HRMS and MS/MS, as well as 13C-NMR. This approach, in combination with FAME analysis, offers direct characterization of fatty acid molecules in their intact forms, including the distribution of regioisomers in TAGs. The information is important for the standardization and quality control, as well as for differentiation of composition features of shrimp oil, which could be sold as an ingredient in health supplements and functional foods.  相似文献   

15.
为了探讨不同杀菌方式在达到商业杀菌要求的基础上对龙眼原汁营养成分及理化性质的影响,以广西南宁地区所产的“石硖”龙眼为原料,对比分析了巴氏杀菌(PS)、微波杀菌(MS)、超高温瞬时杀菌(UHT)和高压脉冲电场杀菌(PEF)4种杀菌方式对龙眼原汁的菌落总数、色差、pH值、可溶性固形物、总酚、糖组分及有机酸等指标的影响。结果表明：4种杀菌方式均能达到商业无菌要求,对龙眼原汁的pH值和葡萄糖含量无显著性影响(p>0.05);与对照组(CK)相比,PEF杀菌对龙眼原汁中L*值、b*值、可溶性固形物(TSS)、果糖、总糖、酒石酸、富马酸含量影响不显著(p>0.05);与PS、MS和UHT杀菌相比,PEF杀菌对龙眼原汁中的总酚、抗坏血酸、总酸的影响幅度较小。因此,PEF杀菌技术不仅具有较好的杀菌效果,而且能更好地保持龙眼汁原有的色泽和营养品质。  相似文献   

16.
A specific objective of this paper was to evaluate seasonal changes in bioactive compounds level (carotenoids and polyphenols) in juice prepared from organic and non-organic tomatoes in Poland. In the examined tomato juice, the content of dry matter, vitamin C, carotenoids as well as polyphenols (by HPLC method) has been measured. The presented results indicate the impact of the growing system and the year of production on the composition of tomato juice. The organic tomato juice contained significantly more beta-carotene, chlorogenic acid, rutin as well as more total phenolic acids, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, total flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin in comparison with the non-organic. The tomato juice from 2008 contained significantly more carotenoids and some flavonoids compared to the one produced in 2009, which contained significantly more dry matter, vitamin C, as well as quercetin and it derivatives.  相似文献   

17.
超滤膜澄清乌龙茶饮料技术的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  
采用平板超滤装置,选用CA材料3万、5万、10万分子量膜,系统研究在不同浓度、温度、压力下茶汁超滤通量及超滤前后茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、可溶糖、果胶、蛋白质等化学成分以及色差、pH、感官品质的变化。结果表明,超滤可以有效澄清乌龙茶汁,在合适的工艺参数下菜汁有效风味成分保留率高,能截留大部分易发生沉淀的高分子物质,感官品质佳。  相似文献   

18.
通过调查研究、分析,认为,内蒙古巴盟河套灌区由于水肥过剩引起甜菜食糖、纯度、含水率、还原糖、有害氮、灰分、钾、钠等成分发生变化及经济损失,据此提出相应的改进措施。  相似文献   

19.
气质联用方法测定香蕉根系分泌物   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
采用砂培试验,通过离位溶液培养法收集香蕉根系分泌物,分别测定收集原液中可溶性总糖、蛋白质和总酚酸的含量,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定了提取物成份。结果表明,与对照(灭菌生物有机肥)比较,生物有机肥处理的根系分泌物中可溶性总糖和总酚酸的含量显著降低;在接种病原菌情况下施用生物有机肥处理仍能显著降低两种物质含量。不同处理的香蕉根系分泌物中都含有烃类、萜类、醇类、酸类、酯类和醛类化合物;3种处理检测到的根系分泌物种类分别为41、30和32种。  相似文献   

20.
香蕉营养丰富、活性物质含量高，可作为深加工产品的优质原料。香蕉果酒是香蕉精深加工产品中的重要一类。由于香蕉果浆碳水化合物含量较高、酸度低、糖分高，其酿造过程中适宜各种微生物的生长繁殖，特别是乳酸菌数量的变化与酸类物质的产生密切相关。乳酸菌群落的变化容易增加发酵过程的风险，造成香蕉酒挥发酸含量超标、品质低下等不良结果。因此明确香蕉果酒发酵过程中自然存在的乳酸菌的生长繁殖规律及其对有机酸代谢的影响，可为精准调控发酵过程、提高产品质量提供理论依据。试验设置商业酵母Lalvin K1TM接种发酵过程（K1）与香蕉果汁自然发酵过程（SF）2组对比，采用实时定量PCR方法和高效液相色谱法对香蕉汁接种发酵（K1）与自然发酵过程（SF）中酵母菌、乳酸菌的生长规律以及有机酸的含量变化进行监测。结果表明：2种发酵处理下，酵母菌和乳酸菌的生长规律有差异；K1酵母菌主导的发酵过程中，乳酸菌的生长受到显著抑制，最大生长量仅为4.0×106 CFU/mL，而酵母菌生物量为1.2×107 CFU/mL；在自然发酵过程中，乳酸菌与酵母菌的生长周期完全错开，但对乳酸菌的生物量无显著影响，乳酸菌与酵母菌的生长量分别达到1.0×107 CFU/mL和1.6×107 CFU/mL。2种发酵过程均表明，酵母菌和乳酸菌的生长存在竞争与抑制关系；有机酸代谢主要与乳酸菌菌落数量相关，不同有机酸的总体变化趋势一致；在发酵过程中，乳酸含量逐渐增加，乙酸含量呈先增后降的趋势，二者在自然发酵样品中的累积量均高于接种发酵；柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸含量整体呈下降趋势。  相似文献   

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