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E R Wisner T R O'Brien R R Pool J R Pascoe P D Koblick W J Hornoff P W Poulos 《Equine veterinary journal》1991,23(5):383-389
Destructive lesions of the axial region of the proximal sesamoid bones were identified by radiography in eight fetlocks and seven lame adult horses. Lameness ranged from 2 to 5 (mean 4; scale 1 to 5) at the time of examination, with a duration of 10 days to two years (mean 5.6 months). Destructive lesions involved both proximal sesamoid bones when examined radiographically and were situated primarily at the level of the mid-body and apical region of the axial borders. Some lesions were cystic, whereas others eroded the axial border more diffusely. Scintigraphy revealed markedly increased activity within the proximal sesamoid bones of the clinically lame limb of four of the five horses examined. In four horses, post mortem computed tomography revealed axial border bone destruction and cavitary lesions within cancellous bone of affected proximal sesamoid bones. Lesions seen by computed tomography were larger than those identified on radiographic examination. Cavitary lesions not seen radiographically were identified in the proximal sesamoid bones of two clinically unaffected fetlocks examined for comparison in two of the seven horses. Evidence of acute, subacute or chronic/reparative osteomyelitis of the axial region of the proximal sesamoid bones was seen in the 10 fetlocks identified as abnormal from radiography or computed tomography. Also, three horses had septic synovitis of the flexor sheath of the clinically affected limb; of these, two had septic arthritis of the fetlock joint. 相似文献
3.
J Beech 《Veterinary pathology》1975,12(3):157-164
Tracheobronchial aspirates were obtained from 27 normal horses and from 57 horses with respiratory disease. Aspirates from normal horses contained mainly ciliated columnar epithelial cells, mononuclear cells, a few neutrophils and mucus. Aspirates from horses with acute suppurative bronchopneumonias or chronic bronchiolitis had predominantly neutrophils and usually large amounts of mucus; in severe suppurative inflammatory diseases, many of the cells were degenerated, and there were coils of fibrinous material resembling Curschmann's spirals. Eosinophils were rarely found, even from horses with histories suggestive of allergic respiratory disease. Aspirates from horses with epistaxis frequently had macrophages with intracytoplasmic green globules (hemosiderin). Tracheobronchial aspirates occasionally revealed subclinical lung disease. Four horses with no clinical signs of lung disease and lungs that were unremarkable on percussion and normal on auscultation had adpirates suggestive of inflammation; histologic examination confirmed bronchiolitis. 相似文献
4.
Valentine BA de Lahunta A Divers TJ Ducharme NG Orcutt RS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(11):1661-5, 1621
Two Belgian geldings, 4 and 14 years old, respectively, with muscle atrophy, weakness, and abnormal gait characteristic of severe advanced shivers were examined clinically and on necropsy. Neurologic examination revealed no evidence of ataxia, and the clinical diagnosis was neuromuscular weakness and shivers. Necropsies of both horses, including examination of pituitary, brain, spinal cord, spinal roots and ganglia, and peripheral nerves, revealed no gross or histologic abnormalities. Examination of multiple skeletal muscle specimens revealed chronic myopathic changes and periodic acid-Schiff positive, amylase-resistant inclusions within muscle fibers, characteristic of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy. It is suggested that underlying metabolic myopathy may be the cause of muscle weakness and cramping in horses with shivers. 相似文献
5.
B P Smith 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1977,170(2):208-211
Pleural effusion in 37 horses, including 15 acutely affected and 22 chronically affected, was found to be due to a variety of causes, including lymphocarcoma, pulmonary granulomas, coccidioidomycosis, equine infectious anemia, pulmonary abscesses, chronic pneumonia, and primary septic pleural effusion. Age, breed, or sex predilection was not found. Horses with chronic disease had weight loss, increased respiratory rate, dull respiratory sounds in the ventral portion of the thorax, and varying degrees of anorexia. Many horses were anemic. Those acutely affected had respiratory distress or signs of colic and many were anorectic. Most horses with acute primary disease had small volumes of pleural fluid. Culture and cytologic examination of pleural fluid and tracheal washings revealed the causative organism in some instances, but in a number of "primary" cases there were negative results on bacterial culture. The latter cases must be differentiated from other causes of chronic weight loss in the horse. 相似文献
6.
W Bernard V B Reef E S Clark W Vaala S J Ehnen 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(3):468-471
Records of 6 horses with pericarditis were reviewed. Septic pericarditis was suspected in all horses, based on historic and clinical findings. In horses 1, 2, and 4, cytologic examination of the pericardial effusion revealed acute inflammation with severe neutrophil degeneration. In horses 3 and 5, cytologic examination of pericardial fluid revealed subacute inflammation with degenerated neutrophils, and in horse 6, chronic active inflammation, with well preserved neutrophils. In horses 1 and 3, bacteria were identified on cytologic examination of pericardial fluid. Results of microbiologic cultures of pericardial fluid were positive in horse 3. All horses were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. An indwelling pericardial catheter was used to lavage and directly administer antibiotics into the pericardial sac. Horses 1, 4, 5, and 6 survived, horse 2 died of unrelated causes, and horse 3 was euthanatized at the owner's request. Surviving horses returned to athletic performance. 相似文献
7.
G E Rumbaugh B P Smith G P Carlson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1978,172(3):304-309
internal abdominal abscesses in 25 horses, including 8 horses that died or were euthanatized, were found to be caused by Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, or Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Breed or sex predilection was not found. Although horses of all ages were affected, those under 5 years of age were more commonly affected. Nearly all of the horses had a history of respiratory catarrh or lymphadenitis. Horses with internal abdominal abscesses also had intermittent, prolonged colic or chronic weight loss. Most horses had increased rectal temperature, increased heart and respiratory rates, and varying degrees of anorexia. Chronic depression anemia, increased plasma fibrinogen concentration, increased total plasma protein with hypergammaglobulinemia, and hypoalbuminemia were prominent clinicopathologic findings. Results of rectal examination or surgical exploration often revealed an abdominal mass. Peritoneal fluid from 14 horses was examined, and the protein content was greater than 2.5 g/dl, with increased numbers of neutrophils. Culture results were negative in all 14 cases, although bacteria were seen intracellularly in 5 cases. Long-term (2- to 6-month) antimicrobial therapy with procaine penicillin G resulted in clinical resolution in most of these animals. 相似文献
8.
This study was designed to develop a reliable technique for endoscopic examination of the tarsal sheath of the lateral digital flexor tendon of horses. The anatomy of the tendon sheath and associated structures was studied in detail in cadavers before determining portals for the insertion of an arthroscope into the sheath. Approaches into the sheath through the proximal pouch and through the flexor retinaculum, at the level of the sustentaculum tali, were performed and compared in cadavers. The proximal pouch portal permitted visualisation only of the proximal half of the sheath, while the approach through the retinaculum allowed examination of the entire sheath. The normal endoscopic appearance of the tarsal sheath was studied. The endoscopic approach was subsequently used to examine and treat 5 horses with tarsal sheath tenosynovitis, including 2 cases of chronic, traumatic tenosynovitis and 3 of subacute septic tenosynovitis. Four of these horses had fragmentation of the sustentaculum tali. The technique allowed adequate examination of the sheath and debridement of adhesions and lesions within the lumen of the sheath. Fragments dorsal to the medioplantar edge of the sustentaculum tali could not be visualised endoscopically and had to be removed after widening of the wound. All 5 horses survived. Follow-up enquiries (8-31 months) revealed that the horses were all reported to be sound. Four were performing at their previous level of activity, 1 was used for hacking. The 2 cases presented with chronic tenosynovitis had residual sheath distension with no associated loss of function. A prospective study, including longer term follow-up investigation, is currently being performed. 相似文献
9.
Two competitive horses were presented for examination of chronic lameness; one associated with a hoof‐wall deformity, the other with a firm mass over the dorsal pastern region. Radiographs revealed moderately radiopaque masses associated with both deformities. The lesions were characterised ultrasonographically as noninvasive, well‐circumscribed heterogeneous masses. Computed tomographic examination of the second case revealed a well‐defined, partially mineralised, bi‐lobed mass with associated bony resorption of the underlying middle phalanx. Both patients were anaesthetised and the keratomas surgically removed via approaches 1–2 cm proximal to the coronary bands. Both horses were stall‐sound 2 days after surgery and returned successfully to an equal level of competition by 8 months. A supracoronary approach is a viable alternative to partial or complete hoof wall resection for the removal of nonsolar keratomas from the foot of a horse. 相似文献
10.
Cavana P Capucchio MT Bovero A Ripanti D Catalano D Scaglione FE Miller J Blunden T Farca AM 《Veterinary pathology》2008,45(3):347-351
This report describes an uncommon case of nonamyloidotic fibrillary glomerulonephritis. A 5-year-old female European cat was presented with nephrotic syndrome. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis revealed a mild increase in cholesterol, low total protein, severe hypoalbuminemia, and high proteinuria with a high protein-to-creatinine ratio. An histologic examination revealed an interstitial nephritis and a diffuse glomerulonephritis, with multifocal thickening of the Bowman's capsule. Transmission electron microscopy showed widespread fibrillary deposits in the glomerular basement membrane and in the mesangium. These fibrils ranged between 18 and 26 nm in diameter and were Congo red negative, which allowed their differentiation from amyloid. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) within the mesangium. Renal deposits of Congo red-negative amyloid-like fibrils have been described in humans, horses, monkeys, and dogs. This is the first report of noncongophilic fibrillary glomerulopathy in a cat. 相似文献
11.
J A Orsini P G Orsini L Sepesy H Acland D Gillette 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,193(1):87-88
Intestinal carcinoid, or argentaffinoma, should be an etiologic consideration for horses with chronic colic. A mare was referred with a history of chronic colic. Previously, the signs of colic had subsided in response to impiric treatment, but recent episodes of colic did not. Clinical signs and results of physical examination supported the finding of strangulating obstruction of the small intestine. Exploratory celiotomy revealed internal herniation with simultaneous volvulus of the jejunum and accompanying carcinoid. 相似文献
12.
H Kinde M Mathews L Ash J St Leger 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2000,12(2):162-165
Two horses, a 16-year-old male Holsteiner and a 5-year-old male miniature horse, were diagnosed with halicephalobiasis at the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, in April and June of 1998. Over a period of 4 weeks, the Holsteiner horse developed renal dysfunction, blepharospasm, and blindness in the right eye. A 15-cm-diameter mass was detected on ultrasound examination in the right kidney. Terminally, the animal developed seizures and was euthanized. The miniature horse had a 6-week-long illness characterized by testicular enlargement and uveitis. This animal developed ataxia and died. Necropsy examination revealed bilateral enlargement of the kidneys in both horses, petechial hemorrhages of the optic nerve (Holsteiner), and a diffusely firm and enlarged left testicle (miniature horse). Microscopic evaluation of tissues revealed granulomatous nephritis, optic neuritis, retinitis, and encephalitis in both horses and orchitis in only the miniature horse with intralesional rhabditiform nematodes. Halicephalobus gingivalis was found in the urine sediment of both animals and in semen of the Holsteiner horse. 相似文献
13.
Zubrod CJ Schneider RK Tucker RL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(11):1815-20, 1789
Four horses were examined because of chronic forelimb lameness. In all horses, the cause of the lameness was localized to the metacarpus by means of physical examination and diagnostic anesthesia, and radiography of the affected limb revealed a small exostosis of the second metacarpal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed suspensory desmitis in the region of this exostosis in all 4 horses. In addition, an abnormal area of low signal intensity, suggestive of an adhesion, was seen between the exostosis and the suspensory ligament. In all horses, an adhesion between the suspensory ligament and the exostosis on the second metacarpal bone was identified and transected at surgery, and the exostosis and distal portion of the second metacarpal bone were removed. All horses were able to return to their previous athletic use following a 6-month rest and rehabilitation program for treatment of the suspensory desmitis. Findings in these horses suggest that adhesions between the suspensory ligament and an exostosis of the second metacarpal bone may be a cause of chronic or recurrent forelimb lameness in horses. 相似文献
14.
The Effect of Exercise on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in the Thoroughbred and Standardbred Athlete
Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses in race training were selected at random and examined for gastric ulcers. The mucosa of the stomach was examined by endoscopy and was scored for ulcers on a scale of 0 (no ulcers, normal mucosa) to 3 (severe ulceration with at least five deep lesions). A total of 79 horses were examined; 37 of these horses had one to four follow-up examinations, and 42 horses had only an initial gastroscopic examination. On the first examination, 33 of 79 (42%) horses had normal mucosa (ulcer score = 0), and 22 of 79 (28%) had ulcers with an ulcer score of 2 or greater. Seven horses (9%) had severe gastric ulceration (ulcer score = 3). The average ulcer score for all 79 horses on initial examination was 1.1 and 1.2 for the 37 horses with follow-up gastroscopic examination. Males (including male castrates) had slightly higher ulcer scores (1.2) than females (1.0), and 2-year-old horses had lower ulcer scores (0.7) than horses older than 3 years (1.4), but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Each of these average scores was significantly (P < .05) greater than zero. For the 37 horses with follow-up examinations, the males had higher scores (1.6) than females (0.7), and 2-year-old horses had higher ulcer scores (1.0) than 3-year-old horses (0.7) and lower ulcer scores than horses older than 3 (1.8), which were statistically significant. Follow-up examinations revealed ulcer scores ranging from 0 to 3; 23 of 37 (63%) horses had an ulcer score of 2 or greater, and 4 of 37 (12%) horses had severe ulcer disease. Average ulcer scores were significantly higher at subsequent examinations than at the initial examination. Risk of gastric ulceration increases with the length of time horses are in race training. 相似文献
15.
Specificity of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the diagnosis of small intestinal malabsorption in the horse was assessed by comparing the results of OGTT with the results of a histopathological examination of the small intestine in 42 adult horses affected by chronic weight loss. The horses were assigned to three groups on the basis of the results of the test. Five horses were considered to have a normal OGTT absorption result (Group 1); all the horses had a histologically normal small intestine. Twenty-five horses had a partial malabsorption result (Group 2) seven of which had normal small intestinal morphology, whereas the remaining 18 had a variety of pathological lesions including lymphosarcoma, villous atrophy, granulomatous enteritis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Twelve of the 42 horses had a total malabsorption result (Group 3), and all had a severe infiltrative lesion in the small intestinal wall (either lymphosarcoma or granulomatous enteritis). 相似文献
16.
Two horses, presented for investigation of chronic weight loss despite normal to increased feed intake, had flat oral glucose absorption curves, suggesting malabsorption. The cause of the apparent malabsorption was not evident grossly or on light microscopic examination of the intestinal tract. Both horses survived long term and at follow-up examination had regained weight and their capacity to absorb glucose. These cases illustrate that flat glucose absorption curves may occur in horses with no obvious intestinal lesions, that they may revert to normal and that the results of these tests should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
17.
The histories and clinical signs in 11 horses with longstanding poor performance attributed to chronic sacroiliac damage are described. The main clinical feature was a lack of impulsion from one or both hindlimbs causing a restriction in the hind gait or lowgrade lameness. A temporary improvement was often achieved using anti-inflammatory medication, but eventually all the horses were killed because of unsatisfactory progress at exercise. Post mortem examination revealed that changes were confined to the sacroiliac joints. The macroscopic and histological findings varied considerably and in only two cases could the changes be classified histologically as arthrosis. In the other nine horses there was increased joint surface area or irregular outline associated with extensions of the joint on the caudomedial aspect. These changes were interpreted as indicating a chronic instability of the joint leading to restriction of hindlimb impulsion. The underlying cause of the problem was not ascertained but the significance and possible pathogenesis of the lesions are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Woods LW Filigenzi MS Booth MC Rodger LD Arnold JS Puschner B 《Veterinary pathology》2004,41(3):215-220
Three horses died as a result of eating grass hay containing summer pheasant's eye (Adonis aestivalis L.), a plant containing cardenolides similar to oleander and foxglove. A 9-year-old thoroughbred gelding, a 20-year-old appaloosa gelding, and a 5-year-old quarter horse gelding initially presented with signs of colic 24-48 hours after first exposure to the hay. Gastrointestinal gaseous distension was the primary finding on clinical examination of all three horses. Two horses became moribund and were euthanatized 1 day after first showing clinical signs, and the third horse was euthanatized after 4 days of medical therapy. Endocardial hemorrhage and gaseous distension of the gastrointestinal tract were the only necropsy findings in the first two horses. On microscopic examination, both horses had scattered foci of mild, acute myocardial necrosis and neutrophilic inflammation associated with endocardial and epicardial hemorrhage. The third horse that survived for 4 days had multifocal to coalescing, irregular foci of acute, subacute, and chronic myocardial degeneration and necrosis. A. aestivalis (pheasant's eye, summer adonis) was identified in the hay. Strophanthidin, the aglycone of several cardenolides present in Adonis spp., was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry in gastrointestinal contents from all three horses. Although Adonis spp. contain cardiac glycosides, cardiac lesions have not previously been described in livestock associated with consumption of adonis, and this is the first report of adonis toxicosis in North America. 相似文献
19.
Prognostic factors and survival of horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma: 147 cases (1978-1988) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
S J Dugan S M Roberts C R Curtis G A Severin 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(2):298-303
Between January 1978 and December 1988, 147 horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were admitted to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSU-VTH). Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of appropriate tissue specimens. Medical records and communication with owners, referring veterinarians, or both provided information regarding initial examination, treatment at the CSU-VTH, and final outcome. At initial examination, 123 (83.7%) horses had unilateral involvement and 24 (16.3%) horses had bilateral involvement. The nictitating membrane, nasal canthus, or both (28.1%); limbus (27.5%); and eyelid (22.8%) were most commonly affected. In addition to the ocular/adnexal location, SCC was found elsewhere in 14 (9.5%) horses at initial examination. Adequate follow-up (greater than or equal to 4 months) for examination of tumor recurrence and survival analysis was obtained for 125 (85.0%) cases. After treatment at the CSU-VTH, tumor recurred in 30.4% of the cases. Tumor location, multiple vs single tumors at initial diagnosis, and CSU-VTH treatment modality influenced the recurrence of tumors. Survival analysis revealed a good prognosis for horses with ocular/adnexal SCC. Although undefined, a conservative estimate of the median survival time was 47 months. Six factors (treatment prior to referral, tumor location, tumor size, single or multiple tumors, treatment modality at the CSU-VTH, and recurrence or nonrecurrence) were analyzed to determine their relation with survival. Treatment prior to referral, multiple vs single tumors at initial examination, and treatment modality used at the CSU-VTH did not influence survival. Tumor location influenced survival; SCC involving the eyelid or orbit was associated with the poorest prognosis. Tumor stage (maximal dimension) was inversely related with survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
20.
W. Kent Scarratt Virginia A. Buechner-Maxwell Stacey Karzenski Mark A. Wallace John L. Robertson 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1999,19(10):642
Urinary incontinence, weakness and ataxia associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) was diagnosed in three horses. Rectal examination of all horses revealed distention of the urinary bladder. Urine was expressed when manual pressure was applied to the bladder of each horse during rectal examination. The anal reflex and tone of the anus and tail were normal in all horses. Two horses had bacterial cystitis associated with Enterococcus sp. All horses were treated with pyrimethamine and a sulfonamide for EPM, but there was a variable response to treatment. 相似文献