共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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为了探明根域限制提高葡萄果实糖度的机制,用5 年生‘峰后’葡萄为材料,在果实成熟
期用“浆果杯”技术比较了根域限制处理与对照的果实韧皮部糖卸载的日变化。结果表明,葡萄果实韧
皮部糖卸载在一天中有3 次高峰,分别出现在上午、下午和晚上（9：00、17：00 和21：00 左右）。上午
卸载量大,其峰值分别为下午和晚上的2.1 和1.4 倍左右;根域限制处理果实的糖卸载量始终高于对照,
约为对照的1.5 倍,并且上午糖的快速卸载提前了3 h,峰值为对照的2.0 倍。给“浆果杯”中的糖卸载
缓冲液添加ABA、EGTA,促进了糖卸载,但添加EB 却抑制糖卸载。表明葡萄果实韧皮部糖卸载需要消
耗能量,根域限制促进了葡萄果实韧皮部的糖卸载,并可能与其诱导ABA 含量的升高有关。 相似文献
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【目的】果实韧皮部胞间连丝分布特点决定韧皮部同化物卸载途径类型,为了解‘富有’柿果实膨大期韧皮部胞间连丝分布特点,【方法】采用透射电子显微技术对膨大期果实韧皮部做超微结构研究,统计不同类型细胞界面上胞间连丝发生频率。【结果】结果表明,柿果实维管束没有维管束鞘,直接与果肉细胞连接,韧皮部由筛管分子、伴胞和维管薄壁细胞构成,筛管-伴胞界面、伴胞-维管薄壁细胞界面、维管薄壁细胞-维管薄壁细胞界面以及维管薄壁细胞-果肉细胞界面上都存在胞间连丝,伴胞-维管薄壁细胞界面上的胞间连丝发生频率约为维管薄壁细胞-果肉细胞界面上的一半。【结论】据此认为,‘富有’柿果实韧皮部伴胞与维管薄壁细胞界面上分布有中等数量的胞间连丝,显示韧皮部卸载途径为共质体类型。 相似文献
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一种连续测定葡萄果实糖分积累的新方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
介绍了一种测定葡萄二次生长高峰期葡萄果实糖分卸载和积累的非离体试验体系-新浆果杯法。新浆果杯是由1粒剥皮后的葡萄果实侵入盛有缓冲溶液、由注射器制成的小杯组成。利用该试验体系,水分胁迫和2．5 mmol/L对氯汞苯甲酸(pCMB)可明显抑制葡萄果实糖分卸载,而1．5 mmol／L二硫基苏糖醇(DTT)则可促进葡萄果实糖分卸载。结果表明新浆果杯法可连续测定葡萄第二生长期果实糖分积累,是研究葡萄韧皮部糖分卸载机理和内外因子对葡萄果实糖分积累影响的理想方法。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2015,(3)
【目的】为揭示枣果实维管束的解剖结构特征,为枣果实糖分积累提供理论依据。【方法】以陕北制干品种—木枣为研究对象,利用离体染色、石蜡制片和电镜技术系统观察了枣果实维管束分布、显微和超微结构。【结果】枣果实维管束属外韧型无限维管束,根据分布位置将其归为核内维管束、内果皮维管束和中果皮维管束三类。果实维管束由果柄中12条维管束发育而来,中心2条发育为核内维管束,其余10条主维管束发育为内果皮和中果皮维管束。核内和内果皮维管束为果核的硬化和发育提供营养物质,中果皮维管束为果肉组织生长发育提供营养物质。各维管束韧皮部发达,增强了有机物质运输的效率。【结论】枣果实维管束有三类分布形态,不同类型的维管束(形态差异)为枣果实不同部位提供水分和有机营养。韧皮部细胞发育过程中形态与内含物的变化可能与韧皮部卸载方式转换有关。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2017,(12)
【目的】探索不同品种枣和酸枣果实同化物卸载途径差异及其糖分积累特点。【方法】以陕北制干枣品种‘木枣’、兼用品种‘狗头枣’‘邢台酸枣’和‘清涧酸枣’为试验材料,利用透射电镜观察果实韧皮部卸载区细胞超微结构,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定不同发育时期枣果实果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量。【结果】‘木枣’‘狗头枣’‘邢台酸枣’和‘清涧酸枣’果实鲜质量生长为双"S"型曲线,果实生长分为前期、中期和后期3个阶段;‘木枣’‘狗头枣’‘邢台酸枣’和‘清涧酸枣’果实不同发育阶段韧皮部筛管伴胞复合体与周围薄壁细胞间胞间连丝密度差异显著,‘木枣’‘狗头枣’中期胞间连丝丰富,胞间连丝密度明显高于前期和后期;‘邢台酸枣’前、中期有少量的胞间连丝,后期几乎观察不到胞间连丝;‘清涧酸枣’后期仅有少量胞间连丝,前、中期几乎观察不到胞间连丝。‘木枣’‘狗头枣’果实发育前期和中期主要积累果糖和葡萄糖,后期主要积累蔗糖。这与酸枣成熟期可溶性糖含量较低,糖积累不明显形成鲜明对比。【结论】不同品种枣果实同化物卸载途径一致,均经历前期质外体途径,中期以共质体途径为主,后期又转换为质外体卸载途径;而酸枣果实虽然存在少量胞间连丝,但总体以质外体运输途径为主。栽培枣的糖含量显著高于酸枣,共质体的运输方式对糖积累具有重要作用。 相似文献
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转色期摘叶对“赤霞珠”葡萄果实糖分卸载的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的品质,以"赤霞珠"葡萄为试材,研究了转色期摘叶(3、6、9片)对葡萄果实糖分卸载速率及其相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:在转色期,将结果枝基部的叶片摘去3~6片可提高3种转化酶和蔗糖合酶活性,促进果实中糖分卸载速率。摘除6片叶显著提高细胞壁转化酶和蔗糖合酶活性,果实中糖分卸载速率显著提高,同时显著提高了果实的品质。摘9片叶会降低果实中糖分卸载速率和相关酶活性,使果实品质下降。因此,在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的转色期,摘除结果枝蔓基部3~6叶片可以促进果实中糖分的卸载,提高葡萄果实的品质。 相似文献
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C. L. Li K. F. Fang H. Lei Y. Xing 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):470-477
SummaryStrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is widely used as a model for fleshy fruit biology research; nevertheless, the pathway of phloem unloading in strawberry fruit remains unknown. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the symplastic tracer, carboxyfluorescein, the phloem unloading pathway was studied in ‘Akihime’ strawberry fruit from post-anthesis to the ripening stage. Ultrastructural analysis showed that many plasmodesmata existed between the sieve element cells (SEC) and the companion cells (CC), but plasmodesmata were absent between the sieve element cell – CC complexes and their surrounding phloem parenchyma cells (PPCs). Interestingly, an abundance of plasmodesmata was observed between parenchyma cells. Imaging of carboxyfluorescein unloading revealed that the dye was confined only to the phloem vascular bundles in developing receptacles. In conclusion, the results obtained from the present study indicate that sugar unloading from the phloem occurs through an apoplastic pathway. Post-phloem transport of sugar then follows a symplastic pathway in strawberry fruit. 相似文献
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野生欧李生长期组织器官中不同形态钙含量的变化及其相关性 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
研究了野生欧李萌动期、开花期和果实发育期各组织器官中不同形态钙含量的变化及其相关性。结果表明,野生欧李对钙的吸收积累与钙的形态密切相关,木质部和花器官、果实、果柄中的钙主要以果胶钙形态为主,韧皮部和新梢中的钙主要以草酸钙形态为主。在年生长发育时期,木质部中各种形态钙含量总体呈下降趋势,进入果实成熟膨大期含量回升;韧皮部中各种形态钙含量总体呈下降趋势,进入果实成熟膨大期水溶钙、果胶钙、磷酸钙和草酸钙含量略有回升;花器官和果实中各种形态钙含量变化呈“下降—增加（或下降）—下降”的变化;在果实发育期,新梢中的水溶钙、果胶钙、草酸钙和剩余钙含量明显增加,而果柄中的水溶钙含量增加最为明显。随生长发育进程各组织器官中存在钙形态转化。木质部、韧皮部、花和果实中水溶钙和果胶钙含量的年变化与相应器官中钙总量之间存在高度正相关。 相似文献
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Brunella Morandi Marco ZibordiPasquale Losciale Luigi ManfriniEmanuele Pierpaoli Luca Corelli Grappadelli 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
This study investigates the effects of shading on the biophysical mechanisms of apple (Malus Domestica Bork.) fruit growth by assessing how vascular and transpiration flows to/from the fruit are affected by shading. At 30 days after full bloom, a 90% neutral shading net was applied to four trees of the cv. Gala, for seven days, while four more trees, chemically thinned, were used as control. Fruit vascular and transpiration flows were assessed from two days before, to the end of shading. The daily patterns of fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and of phloem, xylem and transpiration flows were determined by continuous monitoring of fruit diameter by automatic fruit gauges. Before shading application, no differences between the two groups of trees selected were found for any of the parameters measured. Despite shading induced an immediate drop in canopy photosynthesis, both fruit daily RGR and phloem flow decreased gradually, until reaching 20% of the before treatment values after 7 days of shading. Differences in RGR and phloem flow appeared especially during the afternoon and night, i.e. post carbon assimilation by the tree, and fruit growth rates were higher in control trees. In the same period no, or very small differences were found between treatments for transpiration rates, while xylem flow was affected later than phloem and only at specific times during the day. These results suggest that the decrease in fruit growth rate under shading should be attributed to the reduction of canopy photosynthesis, rather than to a direct effect of shading on fruit sink strength. 相似文献
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桃果实维管束的分布及解剖研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解桃果实输导组织分布及结构特征, 以‘大久保’桃果实为试材, 观察了维管束系统的分支体系和分布状况, 并用石蜡切片技术对维管束组织的解剖结构进行了系统观察。结果表明, 桃果实中的维管束分为骨干、分支和毛细3级, 其中骨干维管束又分为种胚维管束、内果皮维管束和中果皮维管束(腹维管束、背维管束及分布在内果皮两侧着生于果柄的维管束) , 分别为种仁、内果皮、中果皮的物质运输通道。种胚维管束韧皮部极其发达, 并伴有三生结构; 内果皮中分布的维管束韧皮部发达; 腹维管束、背维管束粗大且分支较多, 兼具发达的韧皮部及木质部。分支维管束和毛细微管束主要分布在中果皮中。毛细维管束的特点是韧皮部处有腔, 腔体随着果实的发育不断扩大。形态和结构上的不同是与其功能相适应的, 由此推测种仁和内果皮发育需要的营养物质以有机营养为主, 中果皮发育需要的营养物质则涵括有机物、无机物、水分。 相似文献
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Early watercore was observed in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from the outer canopy of ‘Orin’, an early watercore susceptible cultivar, while there was no watercore in ‘Orin’ fruit from the inner canopy and resistant ‘Fuji’. Sorbitol content was higher not only in the free space but also in the vacuole and cytoplasm in watercored ‘Orin’ than in other non-watercored fruit. Comparing watercored apples to non-watercored fruit of ‘Orin’, higher fructose and glucose in the vacuole and no significant difference in the distribution rate of sorbitol to each compartment were observed. Watercored ‘Orin’ apples showed significantly higher permeability of tonoplast to fructose, glucose, and sorbitol than those in other non-watercored apples. The permeability of plasma membrane to each sugar was much higher than that of tonoplast but no marked difference was observed among the treatments. The results suggest that metabolism of sorbitol could be active even in watercored ‘Orin’ apples and the accumulated sorbitol in the intercellular spaces might be primarily due to an active unloading from the phloem and not be brought by increased leakage from the cells. 相似文献
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B. Morandi L. Corelli Grappadelli 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):150-156
SummaryThe daily patterns of vascular and transpiration flows to and from peach fruit were compared between heavily-thinned (LCL) and unthinned (HCL) trees, in order to assess when these flows were limited by resource availability (source-limited) or by the genetic potential of the fruit (sink-limited) during the day. Minute variations in fruit growth and in phloem, xylem, and transpiration flows were determined at cell division (stage I) and at cell expansion (stage III) during fruit development on several fruit per treatment, using highly sensitive fruit gauges. During cell expansion, the thinning treatments were also compared for their effects on fruit water potential. At stage I, no difference between treatments was found in any of the flows, suggesting that fresh matter (FM) import from phloem and xylem is sink-limited during early fruit development. At stage III, HCL fruit were smaller and had higher specific transpiration rates during the day. Xylem flow did not show any source limitations due to high crop load. However, it was “sink-strengthened” in the afternoon, in HCL, as these fruit reached lower water potentials during the day. Phloem flow to HCL fruit was source-limited during the afternoon, and at night, due to fruit-to-fruit competition. However, HCL fruit appeared to take advantage of their lower water potential at midday, when they showed higher rates of phloem flow. Although daily growth in HCL fruit undergoes periods of source limitation, this study showed how, at certain times of day, fruit may be more active sinks in attracting resources in high cropping conditions than at low crop loads. 相似文献
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采集新疆焉耆地区的老果园的苹果树枝条、叶片和韧皮部,利用自行设计的方法提取总RNA,根据GenBank中的X99487序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术扩增出苹果凹果类病毒(ADFVd)特异条带,通过回收克隆测序,结果表明,获得的7条序列,有5条同源性很高,均在98%以上,另外2条的同源性只有85%左右,这7条序列均已在GenBank中登录(登录号:EU031497_EU031503)。在此基础上利用插入ADFVd目的DNA的质粒为模板,成功合成了地高辛标记的cDNA探针,该探针能很好地用于ADFVd的检测。同时利用原位RT-PCR技术,做了进一步检测,证明苹果叶片中有苹果凹果类病毒存在,主要分布在叶肉细胞的细胞核中。 相似文献