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1.
东祁连山高寒草地土壤可培养真菌多样性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了解东祁连山高寒草地土壤可培养真菌的多样性,选择有代表性的4类草地类型(珠芽蓼草地、禾草草地、沼泽草地、嵩草草地),运用稀释平板法和基于ITSrDNA基因序列的系统发育分析对其土壤中可培养真菌多样性进行研究,同时应用生态学评价方法进行分析。用PDA培养基、PSA培养基、玉米粉琼脂培养基和马丁氏-孟加拉红培养基从土壤样品中分离得到76株真菌,通过形态观察选取30株有代表性的菌株进行基于ITSrRNA基因序列的系统发育多样性分析。结果表明,鉴定所得菌株可分为22个属的26个种,绝大多数属于半知菌亚门和接合菌亚门真菌;物种的丰富度(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)变化范围分别为15～18,2.47～2.81,0.89～0.93,0.91～0.97;青霉属(Penicillium)真菌为珠芽蓼草地、沼泽草地和嵩草草地的优势菌,镰孢菌属(Fusarium)真菌为禾草草地的优势菌,柔菌属真菌(Doratomyces)为沼泽草地的优势菌,被孢霉属(Mortierella)、柔菌属、小球腔菌属(Leptosphaeria)、毛霉属(Mucor)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、地丝菌属(Geomyces)和镰孢属为4类草地的常见属。另外,4类草地都有大于10%的分离菌种暂时无法确定其分类地位,极可能是新种;东祁连山高寒草地土壤真菌多样性丰富,其多样性和草地类型的特异性有着密切的关系,东祁连山高寒草地有着丰富的土壤真菌资源,存在潜在的开发价值。 相似文献
2.
研究了格姆滩高寒草甸不同草地植被地上生物量及物种多样性,结果表明：地上总生物量为藏嵩草沼泽化草甸〉山生柳灌丛草甸〉小嵩草草甸（P〈0.05）。藏嵩草沼泽化草甸由24种植物组成,隶属13科22属;小嵩草草甸由36种植物组成,隶属16科31属;山生柳灌丛草甸草层由42种植物组成,隶属13科31属。不同草地类型植物群落多样性指数、物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度指数均为山生柳灌丛草甸草层〉小嵩草草甸〉藏嵩草沼泽化草甸,植被盖度山生柳灌丛草甸草层〉藏嵩草沼泽化草甸〉小嵩草草甸。 相似文献
3.
黄河源区高寒草甸不同植被生物量及土壤养分状况研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了给黄河源区原生草地植被的科学管理及退化草地的治理提供理论依据,对青海省玛沁县藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)沼泽化草甸,山生柳(Salix oritrepha)灌丛草甸及小嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸物种多样性、生物量及土壤养分状况进行比较研究。结果表明:不同植被类型植物群落多样性指数、物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度指数均为山生柳灌丛草甸>小嵩草草甸>藏嵩草沼泽化草甸。各群落生物量差异明显,地上、地下总生物量均为藏嵩草沼泽化草甸>山生柳灌丛草甸>小嵩草草甸(P<0.05)。藏嵩草沼泽化草甸土壤养分含量最高。小嵩草草甸和山生柳灌丛草甸各土壤层养分含量随土壤深度的增加呈下降趋势,pH值呈上升趋势,而藏嵩草沼泽化草甸却表现出相反的趋势,即随土壤深度的增加各层养分含量呈上升趋势,pH值呈下降趋势。 相似文献
4.
青南高海拔地区高寒草甸植物群落多样性的研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
根据 42个样地的实地调查资料 ,采用不同的物种多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度测度指标对达日县建设乡高海拔地区高寒草甸的物种多样性进行了分析 ,结果表现为 :草地物种多样性随海拔的升高总体上呈现下降的趋势 ;“黑土滩”物种多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度指数最低 ,草地生物量也最低。苔草、嵩草和灌丛草甸 ,有着较高的物种多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度指数。单子叶和灌丛植物生物量随海拔梯度的变化较为复杂 ,在一定海拔范围内有较高的生物量。双子叶植物生物量随海拔的升高基本呈现下降趋势 相似文献
5.
祁连山高寒草地不同退化程度植物群落结构与物种多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为祁连山康乐草原生产力恢复与提高提出有效措施、生物多样性保护和资源可持续利用提供理论依据,采用样方法对祁连山高寒草地不同退化程度植物群落结构和土壤特性进行调查、测定和分析,并运用5个多样性指标(Margalef丰富度指数、Dominance优势度指数、Simpson多样性指数、Evenness均匀度指数和Shannon多样性指数)研究了其物种多样性变化。结果表明:1)轻度退化草地(LDG)-中度退化草地(MDG)-重度退化草地(SDG),不同退化草地植物群落特征(密度、高度、频度、总盖度和地上生物量)整体呈现降低趋势且差异显著(P0.05),表现为LDGMDGSDG;2)研究区植物共15科35属39种,其中豆科、蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科中的植物均具备较强生态适应性,各退化程度草地植被型分别为草地早熟禾+珠芽蓼、赖草+矮生嵩草、矮生嵩草+赖草,其中禾草是群落的优势种;3)高寒草地功能群植物呈现杂类草最多,禾草类次之,毒草类占有比例最少,其中在不同退化草地杂类草、毒草类重要值分别为75.14%(SDG)48.67%(LDG)30.05%(MDG)、20.81%(LDG)18.01%(SDG)17.11%(MDG);4)不同退化草地群落物种优势度指数在重度退化草地最高为0.23,而轻度退化草地物种Margalef丰富度指数最高为2.64、Shannon多样性指数最高为2.09;5)随退化程度加重,土壤全磷、全氮、有机质和含水量呈现下降的趋势,pH呈升高的趋势,且不同退化草地土壤环境因子含量对植被生长贡献率不同。综上所述,随着康乐草地退化程度增加群落结构向单一趋势演替且环境限制因子也发生相应变化。 相似文献
6.
通过对不同牧压梯度导致的4个相邻高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性的调查,探讨了放牧驱动下高寒草甸演替及植物物种多样性分异特征,以期为高寒草甸合理利用提供依据。结果表明:矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层开裂期的多样性指数D差异不显著,其他3个阶段间差异显著(P0.05);多样性指数H除禾草矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层开裂期,矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层加厚期差异不显著外,其他均差异显著(P0.05);均匀度指数除矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层加厚期差异不显著,其他3个时期差异均达到显著水平(P0.05);放牧明显改变了高寒草甸的主要建群种和优势种,伴随牧压强度增大,植物群落发生更替,莎草科重要值增大,禾本科重要值减小,草甸植物群落由禾草矮嵩草时期向矮嵩草时期、小嵩草草毡表层加厚期、小嵩草草毡表层开裂期演替。 相似文献
7.
黄河上游重大生态功能区草地逆型演替植物多样性变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于5个样地、90个样方的野外调查资料,研究了玛曲县不同退化程度草地群落植物多样性和地上生物量变化情况。结果表明：多样性指数与丰富度指数、均匀度指数及地上生物量有显著线性关系,而与优势度指数呈显著负相关。原生地带性群落以及演替早期类群多样性、均匀度、盖度及地上总生物量最高,在极度退化阶段,地上总生物量最低,优势度指数最大,随着退化程度加剧,草地群落的盖度、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数均下降,毒杂草、莎草增多,禾草急剧下降,最终导致草地初级生产力的降低。 相似文献
8.
祁连山高寒草地不同退化程度植物群落结构与物种多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为祁连山康乐草原生产力恢复与提高提出有效措施、生物多样性保护和资源可持续利用提供理论依据,采用样方法对祁连山高寒草地不同退化程度植物群落结构和土壤特性进行调查、测定和分析,并运用5个多样性指标(Margalef丰富度指数、Dominance优势度指数、Simpson多样性指数、Evenness均匀度指数和Shannon多样性指数)研究了其物种多样性变化。结果表明:1)轻度退化草地(LDG)-中度退化草地(MDG)-重度退化草地(SDG),不同退化草地植物群落特征(密度、高度、频度、总盖度和地上生物量)整体呈现降低趋势且差异显著(P<0.05),表现为LDG>MDG>SDG;2)研究区植物共15科35属39种,其中豆科、蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科中的植物均具备较强生态适应性,各退化程度草地植被型分别为草地早熟禾+珠芽蓼、赖草+矮生嵩草、矮生嵩草+赖草,其中禾草是群落的优势种;3)高寒草地功能群植物呈现杂类草最多,禾草类次之,毒草类占有比例最少,其中在不同退化草地杂类草、毒草类重要值分别为75.14%(SDG)>48.67%(LDG)>30.05%(MDG)、20.81%(LDG)>18.01%(SDG)>17.11%(MDG);4)不同退化草地群落物种优势度指数在重度退化草地最高为0.23,而轻度退化草地物种Margalef丰富度指数最高为2.64、Shannon多样性指数最高为2.09;5)随退化程度加重,土壤全磷、全氮、有机质和含水量呈现下降的趋势,pH呈升高的趋势,且不同退化草地土壤环境因子含量对植被生长贡献率不同。综上所述,随着康乐草地退化程度增加群落结构向单一趋势演替且环境限制因子也发生相应变化。 相似文献
9.
放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸的适宜管理措施,本研究以自由放牧、4年全年封育、4年生长季封育+非生长季放牧和20年生长季封育+季末割草管理下的亚高山草甸典型样地为研究对象,开展放牧和封育管理措施下亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的比较研究。结果表明:退化亚高山草甸经4年的生长季封育+非生长季放牧管理,草地有害植物的优势地位降低,优良牧草的优势地位增加,物种丰富度显著下降,草地生产力、密度、盖度、多样性和均匀度无显著变化;经4年的全年封育管理,草地生产力、密度、盖度及优良牧草的优势度显著增加,优良牧草草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)成为群落的单优势物种,群落的生态优势度急剧增加,丰富度、多样性和均匀度显著降低;经20年的生长季封育+季末割草管理,草地生产力、密度、盖度及优良牧草的优势度显著增加,草地早熟禾和大花嵩草(Kobresia macrantha)成为群落的优势物种,群落的生态优势度指数和丰富度指数显著增加,多样性和均匀度显著降低。可见,与自由放牧相比,3种封育措施均可增加滇西北退化亚高山草甸优良牧草的优势度,促进退化亚高山草甸植被的恢复,但封育后因群落中单个或少数物种在群落中的优势地位大大增加,草地中伴生种消失,物种丰富度和多样性降低。 相似文献
10.
东祁连山亚高山草地土壤微生物功能群数量动态及其与土壤环境关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选取东祁连山亚高山草地植被6种典型群落类型(嵩草草甸,金露梅灌丛草地,珠芽蓼-嵩草草地,高山柳-金露梅灌丛草地,禾草草地,沼泽草地),对各样地的土壤微生物生理功能群数量的季节动态及其与土壤环境因子之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,1)土壤微生物生理类群的数量大小顺序为:好气性纤维素分解菌>嫌气性纤维素分解菌>反硝化细菌>嫌气性固氮菌>硝化细菌;2)主要生理功能群季节动态变化总体趋势为随季节变化(5-11月)数量有所下降,从土壤剖面层次来看,0~10 cm土层数量大于10~20 cm土层;3)除嫌气性纤维素分解菌外,其余各种微生物生理功能群与土壤C、N关系紧密,表现出不同显著水平的正相关或负相关。 相似文献
11.
12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献13.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1982 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(7):227-229
14.
Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
15.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献16.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献18.
19.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
20.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
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