共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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高空环境对水稻遗传性的影响 总被引：57，自引：0，他引：57
利用高空气球搭载，使水稻干种子处于海拔30-35 km高空8 h后回收种植，并调查SP1、SP2代的性状表现和SP3代单株与SP4代平均值的相关程度。结果表明：SP1代出现种子的发芽率、发芽势降低，中后期生长不整齐，抽穗期不一致，结实率降低等现象，对SP2代群体所调查的11个农艺性状，均出现比其它诱变因素更为广幅的分离，并获得具有广亲和基因的突变株，对籼型不育系珍汕97A、农A和粳型不育系花A、越A的育性均具有恢复能力。SP3代单株与SP4平均值具有极显著的相关性，因而认为由高空环境引起的变异是可以遗传的，可以作为一种新的诱变育种方法。 相似文献
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热研8号坚尼草选育及利用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热研8号坚尼草是1988年从哥伦比亚国际热带农业中心(CIAT)引进的新品系,经鉴定于1990年开始进行系列研究。研究结果表明,热研8号坚尼草既保持了该属牧草高产优质的特点,年干草产量22500kg/hm2,干物质粗蛋白质含量7.738%,又具有耐酸、耐瘦、耐荫等特点;花期晚,利用期比对照品种增加1个月,种子产量480kg/hm2,比对照品种提高87.8%,适宜我国热带及亚热带地区种植。 相似文献
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筛选适宜油用的白木通种质,为将其开发成新型油料作物提供参考。利用索氏提取法提取白木通种子
籽油,比较各种质的含油率,按照食用油国家标准检测籽油过氧化值、酸价、碘值和皂化值,采用气质联用（GC-MS）
系统对白木通各种质籽油脂肪酸组成进行检测分析。研究结果表明,白木通各种质含油率（36.57%~43.08%）、单果
平均含籽率（6.60%~11.51%）、种子千粒重（45.63~58.95g）和折干率（51.93%~64.28%）等经济性状指标受环境因子
的影响较大;籽油的过氧化值（0.073~0.126 mmol/kg）、酸价（0.418~1.337 mgKOH/g）、碘值（83.548~89.653 g/100g）和
皂化值（199.485~221.418 mg/g）均符合四级食用油国家标准;籽油脂肪酸成分中大多数种类为饱和脂肪酸,但不饱
和脂肪酸的含量最高,不饱和脂肪酸以油酸和亚油酸为主,二者含量达到70%左右,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸和硬脂酸
为主,含量在25%左右。白木通具有开发成新型油料作物的潜力,综合评价种子经济性状及籽油脂肪酸构成,白木
通种质黔通1号在研究的5份种质中表现较好,值得进一步的开发利用。 相似文献
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砂仁是重要南药品种之一,在我国西南和华南地区广泛种植,而生产上种源混杂严重影响产量和品质。为了解砂仁资源‘湛砂11’的形态和品质特性,更好地对砂仁种质资源进行保护和利用,通过测定‘湛砂11’的株高、叶片数、花序长度、果实大小、单果重等形态指标,以及种子团挥发油含量,挥发油中乙酸龙脑酯、樟脑和龙脑等含量的品质指标,分析其形态特征和品质特性。结果表明,‘湛砂11’的株高和叶片数显著高于对照,分别比对照增加7.85%和23.04%;叶片长度无明显差异,叶宽显著增加,外侧叶面平行于主脉的突起线较明显;叶舌棕红色、长0.53 mm,比对照显著长23.26%。花序长度显著低于对照,小花数量与对照无显著差异;小花梗长、苞片、花萼和花冠管都显著短于对照。果实近圆形,单果重比对照轻21.40%;果实种子数平均46.7粒,千粒重9.24 g,分别比对照少17.64%、轻20.35%。种子团挥发油含量3.30%,其中乙酸龙脑酯含量明显高于对照;挥发油组分在不同材料中存在特异性,‘湛砂11’共检测出16种物质,与对照品种共有12种物质,另4种物质对照品种未检出。由此可知,‘湛砂11’的植株、花、果实和种子形态特征明显,挥发油含量及成分特异,可作为优良材料重点培育。研究结果可为砂仁生产中亲本选配及品种更新和选育提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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苎麻赣苎三号太空诱变SP1代的分离变异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苎麻赣苎三号种子搭乘卫星经过27天轨道运行后，SP1代种子出苗比对照提早2天，出苗率提高5．8％；植株形态上划分的四个类型分离比率差异不显著，SP1代雌蕊色泽分离与对照的分离比率基本接近，红色与黄色比接近3：1，麻株茎杆上分枝与对照比较两者差异不大。但在SP1代中有极少数变异单株分株少、茎杆粗、叶较大，少数单株产生雄性不育。这些少量的变异将被育种所利用。 相似文献
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为探讨辐射对胡麻种子的诱变作用,以800 Gy、1000 Gy和1200 Gy 3种不同剂量的60Co-γ射线对6个胡麻品种（系）的种子进行辐射处理,观察其对胡麻种子萌发、农艺性状和品质性状的影响,并确定胡麻的最佳辐射剂量。结果表明,60Co-γ射线辐射胡麻种子以后,种子的发芽势、发芽率、株高、工艺长度、每果粒数、千粒重、含油率、亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸含量均比对照降低,有效分茎数、有效分枝数、单株果数、木酚素、亚麻酸和硬脂酸含量均比对照高。且随辐射剂量的增加,发芽势、发芽率和木酚素含量逐渐下降,根长、苗高、平均单株鲜重、油酸含量先降低再升高,株高、工艺长度、有效分枝数、单株果数、千粒重、亚麻酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸含量先升高后降低,有效分茎数、单株果数、每果粒数、不实果数、含油率和亚油酸含量均随处理浓度的增高而升高。拐点均出现在1000 Gy,且存在明显的品种间差异。胡麻种子的最佳辐射剂量理论值为1029 Gy。用60Co-γ射线处理胡麻种子,出现超亲材料的几率约为10%~21%,且木酚素含量出现超亲材料的几率最大,其次是亚麻酸含量,最后是含油率。高剂量（1200 Gy）有利于含油率和亚麻酸的变异,而低剂量（800 Gy）有利于木酚素的变异。研究结果为胡麻辐射育种和种质创新提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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气相色谱方法定量检测大豆5种脂肪酸 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国油料作物学报》2015,(4)
为建立大豆脂肪酸组分的绝对定量方法,采用加热甲酯化提取法和气相色谱分析法(GC),以5种脂肪酸甲酯(棕榈酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯和亚麻酸甲酯)为标准样品,在制定5种脂肪酸甲酯组分的标准曲线(R20.99)和回归方程的基础上,建立了大豆脂肪酸组分的定量测定方法。该方法可以准确检测大豆籽粒中脂肪酸组分的绝对含量。通过对4个油份含量不同的大豆品种脂肪酸含量测定以及与粗脂肪含量的比较分析发现,该方法可显著提高籽粒中的脂肪酸提取率和检测效率,其检测的总脂肪酸含量占总油脂含量的94%以上。该方法不仅能检测样品中5种脂肪酸组分的相对百分比含量,还可以准确计算出籽粒中各个脂肪酸组分的绝对含量,对大豆脂肪酸检测及育种具有重要意义。 相似文献
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大豆脂肪酸组分及配比影响大豆油脂的营养价值和贮运加工环节,是决定大豆油脂品质的最重要因素.尽管品种的遗传特性决定着脂肪酸各组分含量高低,生态环境通过影响脂肪酸的积累动态,同样影响着脂肪酸的含量.以品质不同的3个大豆品种(系)为材料,研究了生长生殖期遮阴对大豆籽粒发育过程脂肪酸各组分积累动态的影响.遮阴显著降低了黑农35和垦农18成熟籽粒内的棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量(降幅达1.51%),并显著升高了亚油酸的含量(升幅达2.02%);与此相反,遮阴升高了海339大豆成熟籽粒内棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量(升幅达1.01%),并显著降低了亚油酸含量(降幅达2.63%).与对照相比,遮阴升高了海339大豆成熟籽粒内油酸含量(升幅达2.01%),但降低了黑农35成熟籽粒内油酸含量(降幅达1.72%),对垦农18成熟籽粒内油酸含量无影响.遮荫对大豆各脂肪酸组分含量动态的影响,因大豆品质和脂肪酸组分的不同而各异.开花后30 d是遮阴影响大豆籽粒内各脂肪酸组分积累的关键期,表明大豆群体过早郁闭将影响到大豆脂肪酸的品质,应根据不同品质大豆脂肪酸积累的生理特性确定合理的群体栽培管理措施. 相似文献
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采用化学滴定及气相色谱等手段,对产自云南普洱的5个大叶种茶树籽油及8个常见食用植物油的特征指标（折光指数、相对密度、碘值、皂化值）和脂肪酸组成进行了对比研究。结果表明,5个大叶种茶树籽油折光指数为1.462 9~1.463 4;相对密度为0.914 8~0.916 7;碘值为859~903 g·kg-1;皂化值为189.0~193.2 g·kg-1;棕榈酸含量为14.29%~15.75%;油酸含量为57.83%~61.41%;亚油酸含量为18.81%~23.11%;饱和脂肪酸含量为17.6%~19.8%;不饱和脂肪酸含量为80.2%~82.4%。大叶种茶树籽油的脂肪酸组成与油茶籽油、橄榄油较为接近,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸的比例接近1∶3∶1,脂肪酸的组成比例较为均衡,极具研发及推广价值。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):226-237
AbstractGrowth, yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in a rotational paddy field were compared with those in an upland field. In the rotational paddy field the growth was significantly suppressed and the seed and oil yields were significantly lower than those in the upland field. In the maturing period, oil accumulated in seeds until about 25 d after flowering (DAF) in both fields, but less in the rotational paddy field than in the upland field. Differences in oil contents (per seed) between the fields were seen from about 25 DAF onward. The fatty acid in seeds changed with maturing of plants. In mid-oleic hybrids, oleic acid increased remarkably until about 25 DAF and then decreased slightly; linoleic acid content decreased until about 14 DAF and then tended to increase. In linoleic acid hybrids, oleic acid increased until about 14 DAF and then decreased; the linoleic acid content tended to be low until about 14 DAF and then increased. Although the temporal patterns of fatty acid compositions during seed maturation were similar in both fields, the oleic acid content tended to be lower in the rotational paddy field even under the same climatic conditions and ripening periods. The differences between the fields were seen clearly from around 25 DAF. We discuss our findings with regard to physiological changes in developing seeds and the effects of high or changeable soil moisture content on sunflower growth and quality. 相似文献
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Iness Bettaieb Rebey Iness Jabri-KarouiIbtissem Hamrouni-Sellami Soumaya BourgouFerid Limam Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):238-245
This study is designed to examine the yield components, fatty acid, and essential oil compositions and phenolic contents fruit essential oil composition, the total phenolic amounts as well as the antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds under drought. This plant is one of the most common aromatics in the Mediterranean kitchen. Plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (C), moderate water deficit (MWD) and severe water deficit (SWD). Our results indicated that MWD improved the number of umbels per plant as well as the number of umbellets per umbel and the seed yield, in comparison to the control, but it decreased under SWD. Fatty acid composition analysis indicated that petroselinic acid was the major fatty acid (55.9%) followed by palmitic (23.82%) and linoleic (12.40%) acids. Water deficit enhanced the palmitic acid percentage and affected the double bound index of the fatty acid pool and thus the oil quality. The essential oil yield was 1.64% based on the dry weight and increased by 1.40 folds under MWD. Nevertheless it decreased by 37.19% under SWD in comparison to the non treated seeds. Drought results on the modification of the essential oil chemotype from γ-terpinene/phenyl-1,2 ethanediol in the control seeds to γ-terpinene/cuminaldehyde in stressed ones. Besides, total phenolic contents were higher in the treated seeds (MWD and SWD). Results suggest that water deficit treatment may regulate the production of bioactive compounds in cumin seeds, influencing their nutritional and industrial values. Besides, antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by four different test systems, namely DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid chelating and reducing power assays and showed that treated seeds (MWD and SWD) exhibited the highest activity. 相似文献
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Bochra Laribi Iness Bettaieb Karima Kouki Ali Sahli Abdelaziz Mougou Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(3):372-379
The Mediterranean region suffers of drought which affects plant behaviour regarding biochemical responses. Accordingly, the effects of water deficit on growth, essential oil and fatty acid composition of caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds were investigated. Plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control, moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. Plant growth (height, fresh and dry matter weight) was significantly reduced by severe water deficit. This last caused also important reductions of the seed yield and yield components. Drought decreased significantly seed total fatty acid contents and particularly the petroselinic ones whose proportions decreased significantly by 12.17 and 18.47%, in comparison with the control, under moderate water deficit and severe water deficit, respectively. Besides, moderate water deficit increased the essential oil yield (expressed as g/100 g on the basis of dry matter weight). The main essential oil constituents were carvone and limonene which showed an increasing of their contents under water deficit levels. Thus, water deficit induced a significant reduction in growth parameters and fatty acid content, and an increase in the essential oil compounds. These bioactive compounds have been required in many industrial products. 相似文献
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花生籽仁发育过程中脂肪酸积累规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以高O／L花生品种8130为材料对其籽仁发育过程中脂肪酸的累积过程进行分析。结果显示,花生籽仁中,含有8种主要的脂肪酸,按含量高低依次为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山嵛酸、花生酸、二十四烷酸、花生烯酸;花生籽仁发育过程中,油酸含量逐渐增多,其它脂肪酸呈逐渐降低的变化规律。饱满籽仁中亚油酸和油酸含量占全部脂肪酸的80％以上。脂肪酸总量在籽仁发育前期增加迅速,然后缓慢增长,到籽仁成熟期又迅速增加,在收获期达到峰值,油酸亚油酸比值（O／L）,随籽仁发育呈逐渐增加的变化规律,饱满籽仁达到最大。 相似文献