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1.
《土壤通报》2018,(6)
为探究不同恢复方式下煤矸石山植被恢复情况,选取大同市晋华宫人工修复煤矸石山和自然恢复煤矸石山以及忻州窑自然恢复煤矸石山为研究对象,对三座煤矸石山的植物群落状况进行调查分析,并探讨其土壤方面的驱动因素。结果表明,晋华宫人工修复煤矸石山分布有4科4属4种植物;晋华宫自然恢复煤矸石山分布有6科10属10种植物;忻州窑自然恢复煤矸石山分布有5科7属8种植物;由置换多元方差分析和非度量多维度分析结果可知,忻州窑自然恢复煤矸石山的植物群落与晋华宫人工修复、晋华宫自然恢复煤矸石山植物群落差异显著,而晋华宫人工修复和自然恢复煤矸石山间植物群落差异不显著,晋华宫人工修复和自然恢复煤矸石山优势植物均为中华草沙蚕,忻州窑自然恢复煤矸石山的优势植物为菊叶香藜,表明地理位置显著影响煤矸石山的植物群落构建;人工修复10～20年的植物群落可达到与自然恢复50～60年较一致的效果,即人工修复可以缩短煤矸石山植物群落恢复的时间;土壤全氮、有效磷和丛枝菌根真菌孢子密度是影响植物群落差异的重要因素。 相似文献
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长期种植毛竹林土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落演变趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示长期种植毛竹林土壤丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizae, AM）真菌群落演变特征,通过磷脂脂肪酸（Phospholipid fatty acid, PLFA）和Illumina Miseq测序平台研究了AM真菌生物量及群落结构的演变趋势。结果表明,长期种植毛竹林土壤养分含量总体呈下降趋势,球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白（Glomalin-related soil protein, GRSP）含量及AM真菌生物量也显著降低（p<0.05）,其中易提取态球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量与有机质、速效钾、碱解氮显著正相关（p<0.05）,而AM真菌菌丝生物量（16:1ω5 PLFA）与碱解氮极显著正相关（p<0.01）。长期种植毛竹林显著降低了土壤2~0.25 mm大团聚体比例（p<0.05）,且与AM真菌菌丝生物量极显著正相关（p<0.01）。测序结果表明,毛竹林土壤AM真菌以球囊霉属（Glomus）为优势种群,其次是无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）,长期种植毛竹后土壤球囊霉属相对丰度显著增加而无梗囊霉属显著降低（p<0.05）。非度量多维尺度转换排序（NMDS）分析显示,对照马尾松林与不同种植年限毛竹林土壤AM真菌群落显著区分（p=0.001）,土壤含水量（p=0.005）、有效磷（p=0.014）、碱解氮（p=0.001）对AM真菌群落结构变异具有重要贡献。长期种植毛竹显著降低了AM真菌生物量、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量以及2~0.25 mm大团聚体比例,并改变了AM真菌群落结构,不利于土壤碳固存和维持生态系统稳定。 相似文献
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为揭示冬麦免耕覆盖栽培管理措施对土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响,以农田土壤生态系统为研究对象,利用Illumina MiSeq平台通过高通量测序的方法,对连续免耕覆盖栽培及有机肥管理下冬麦土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落组成及其与土壤环境因子间的相互关系进行研究。结果表明,丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在97%相似度下共获得4 515个AM真菌的操作分类单元(OTUs),分属于1门3纲4目8科10属155种。不同处理中,类球囊霉属(Paraglomus),球囊霉属(Glomus)和近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus)为优势属,受农业综合管理措施中有机肥施用、免耕覆盖因子的影响,近明球囊霉、有隔球囊霉属相对丰度在不同处理间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。与耕作、不覆盖相比,免耕、覆盖措施提高了AM真菌多样性指数,但降低了AM真菌属的丰富度;与无肥条件相比,有机肥施用提高了AM真菌丰富度指数,但降低了AM真菌多样性指数。多元分析结果表明,土壤全磷及速效磷含量是影响AM真菌群落组成中优势属丰度变化的主要因素。免耕覆盖、有机栽培改变了土壤AM真菌的多样性及丰富度,土壤中丰度较低的AM真菌菌属更容易受到有机肥施用的影响;有机肥与免耕、覆盖管理的交互作用对AM真菌近明球囊霉属相对丰度有显著影响(P<0.05)。AM真菌群落对耕作覆盖、有机肥施用管理活动的响应受到农业综合管理活动及其相关因素交互作用的影响。本研究结果为合理农作物免耕覆盖、有机栽培管理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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摘 要：为研究设施生态系统丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM）真菌群落变化的关键驱动过程，采集设施番茄不同生长季（休耕、花期、果期）土壤样品，利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析AM真菌物种和谱系多样性及群落结构变化特征，并结合群落谱系分析方法探讨不同生长季随机性过程和确定性过程之间的相对贡献。结果表明，不同生长季AM真菌的物种多样性和谱系多样性均发生显著改变：相比于休耕期，番茄生育期（花期、果期）土壤中AM真菌丰富度、Shannon多样性、Pielou均匀度、谱系多样性（PD）和平均成对谱系距离（MPD）分别显著下降了42.82%~59.18%、43.25%~48.31%、17.46%~25.40%、57.14%~67.86%和50.00%；除球囊霉属相对多度显著增加，近明球囊霉属和类球囊霉属相对多度均显著下降，原囊霉属相对多度先增加后降低。置换多元方差分析（PERMANOVA）和非度量多维度分析（NMDS）结果表明休耕期基于物种组成和谱系组成的AM真菌群落结构显著差别于番茄生育期，但花期和果期之间差异不显著。谱系分析结果显示，休耕期净亲缘关系指数NRI=0，表明AM真菌在谱系结构上是随机的，花期和果期NRI>0，表明谱系聚集，暗示了AM真菌群落构建由随机性过程主导向确定性过程主导的转变，中性群落模型（NCM）结果也支持该推断。Mantel检验结果显示，土壤pH、养分（有机碳、全量氮磷钾和有效磷）、盐分含量以及土壤温湿度作为确定性因素显著影响AM真菌群落的季相变化。综上所述，设施生态系统高集约化生产方式促进了AM真菌群落构建从随机性过程主导向确定性过程主导转变，导致多样性降低和群落结构变化，研究结果对揭示设施蔬菜栽培条件引起的土壤质量退化及其过程中的微生物组演变规律具有重要意义。 相似文献
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不同土壤类型下AM 真菌分布多样性及与土壤因子的关系 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
以禾本科植物群落为研究对象, 研究了宁夏六盘山林地、银川农耕地、暖泉农耕地、固原农耕地、盐池沙地、灵武沙地6 个采样地点5 种土壤类型(黑垆土、灌淤土、黄绵土、灰钙土、风沙土)下AM 真菌物种多样性及其与土壤因子的关系。结果表明: 5 种土壤类型采样点的植被根际土壤中共鉴定出5 属48 种AM真菌, 其中, 无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)1 种, 巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)3 种, 球囊霉属(Glomus)37 种, 类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)1 种, 盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)6 种, 各采样点土壤均以球囊霉属为优势属。地球囊霉(G.geosporum)和木薯球囊霉(G. manihotis)是6 个采样地点中的优势种。不同土壤类型各采样点AM 真菌各属的频度存在明显差异, 球囊霉属在各点均有出现, 频度值最高。具有较高植被多样性的暖泉样点, AM 真菌的种属数量较多。土壤环境因子对AM 真菌孢子密度的影响因所处土壤、植被类型不同而异。pH、全盐、速效钾、速效磷等土壤肥力因子, 在PCA 轴上能最大程度地解释AM 真菌孢子密度与土壤环境因子之间相互关系的大部分信息。宁夏不同土壤类型区域中AM 真菌种类及分布一定程度上与该采样点的植被类型、植物多样性和土壤肥力特征相对应。 相似文献
6.
为揭示长期种植毛竹林土壤丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌群落演变特征,通过磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)和Illumina Miseq测序平台研究了AM真菌生物量及群落结构的演变趋势。结果表明,长期种植毛竹林土壤养分含量总体呈下降趋势,球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Glomalin-related soil protein,GRSP)含量及AM真菌生物量也显著降低(p0.05),其中易提取态球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein,EE-GRSP)含量与有机质、碱解氮、速效钾显著正相关(p0.05),而AM真菌菌丝生物量(16:1ω5 PLFA)与碱解氮极显著正相关(p0.01)。长期种植毛竹林显著降低了土壤2~0.25 mm大团聚体比例(p0.05),且与AM真菌菌丝生物量极显著正相关(p0.01)。测序结果表明,毛竹林土壤AM真菌以球囊霉属(Glomus)为优势种群,其次为无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora),长期种植毛竹后土壤球囊霉属相对丰度显著增加而无梗囊霉属显著降低(p0.05)。非度量多维尺度转换排序(Non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)分析显示,对照马尾松林与不同种植年限毛竹林土壤AM真菌群落显著区分(p=0.001),土壤含水量(p=0.005)、碱解氮(p=0.001)、有效磷(p=0.014)对AM真菌群落结构变异具有重要贡献。长期种植毛竹显著降低了AM真菌生物量、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量以及2~0.25 mm大团聚体比例,并改变了AM真菌群落结构,不利于土壤碳固存和维持生态系统稳定。 相似文献
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对贵州务川汞矿区不同水平汞污染植物根际土壤丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal,AM)真菌资源分布及多样性进行分析，结果发现：本研究选取的务川汞矿区3个样地土壤汞含量在94.1～268.0 mg/kg，远高于国家规定的土壤汞含量，汞污染极其严重。随着汞含量增加，AM真菌侵染率、孢子密度显著降低，AM真菌群落丰富度、多样性及均匀度均有所降低，但差异未达显著水平，而仍有部分对汞污染耐受性较强的AM真菌有较高的分布。另外，管柄囊霉属AM真菌在5个样品中均有较高丰度，球囊霉属AM真菌在火棘根际的相对丰度随着汞含量升高而升高，因此，火棘–管柄囊霉属AM真菌或火棘–球囊霉属AM真菌联合进行汞污染修复，有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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对西北地区5个酿酒葡萄赤霞珠（Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon）葡萄园根际土壤060 cm土层的AM真菌空间分布进行了研究。结果表明,葡萄根系可形成丛枝菌根,且侵染率较高,最高达79%; 在西北地区的5个样地中共分离出AM真菌4属22种,其中球囊霉属（Glomus）15种,无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）4种,盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）2种,巨孢囊霉属（Gigaspora）1种。5个样地孢子密度大小顺序为: 陕西泾阳（JY）＞山西永济（YJ）＞陕西杨凌（YL）＞宁夏银川（YC）＞甘肃莫高（MG）。各样地葡萄根际土壤中AM真菌种的丰富度不同,陕西泾阳地区最高; 分布于葡萄根际的AM真菌按种类多少排序的属依次是: 球囊霉属无梗囊霉属盾巨孢囊霉属巨孢囊霉属,球囊霉属占据的比例保持着绝对优势; 根内球囊霉、摩西球囊霉、地表球囊霉在不同样地中均为优势菌株,副冠球囊霉,集球囊霉,细凹无梗囊霉是多数样地中的稀有种类。研究表明,葡萄与AM真菌具有良好的共生关系,二者协同进化产生了具有生态环境特异性的菌根真菌多样性; 葡萄根际存在较为丰富的丛枝菌根真菌资源,可供进一步开发利用。 相似文献
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为明确煤矸石山植物群落分布特征及其环境驱动因素,以山西省大同市晋华宫矿自然恢复煤矸石山(恢复年限约50~60年)为研究对象,对该煤矸石不同部位植物群落的空间变化及土壤驱动因子进行了分析。结果表明,该煤矸石山共分布有9科14属18种植物,优势种为万年蒿,亚优势种为白茅、狗尾草和猪毛菜;煤矸石山不同部位间植物群落的生物量、密度和盖度差异均达到显著水平,植物总生产力、总盖度和总密度从煤矸石底部到顶部呈现逐渐降低的趋势,表明植物群落存在明显的空间变异;有机质是影响植物群落多样性及生产力的主要环境因子,土壤含水量、速效磷和AM真菌是影响植物群落的重要因素。相关结果可为今后煤矸石山的生态恢复提供理论参考。 相似文献
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冬小麦免耕覆盖与有机栽培对土壤微生物群落组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为揭示农业管理活动对土壤微生物群落结构及AM真菌多样性的影响,以农田土壤生态系统为研究对象,选取免耕覆盖+施有机肥（NF）、免耕覆盖+不施有机肥（NC）、传统耕作不覆盖+施有机肥（TF）和传统耕作不覆盖+不施有机肥（TC）4种处理,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序及磷脂脂肪酸（phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs）分析方法,研究持续冬小麦免耕覆盖有机栽培3年后,土壤微生物群落结构组成、AM真菌及其多样性与土壤环境因子间的关系。结果表明,持续免耕覆盖有机栽培能增加以PLFA表征的土壤微生物群落的生物量,传统耕作显著提高了土壤革兰氏阳性菌（G+）、阴性菌（G-）的生物量（P<0.05）。且随免耕栽培管理年限增加,土壤AM真菌生物量呈显著上升趋势;以16：1ω5c中性脂（NLFA）与16：1ω5c磷脂（PLFA）表征的AM真菌生物量比值显著升高（P<0.05）。免耕覆盖措施下,有机肥的施用提高了土壤AM真菌丰富度指数（Chao1指数和ACE指数）,但降低了土壤AM真菌的多样性（香农指数、辛普森指数）。主成分分析结果显示,AM真菌孢子（16：1ω5c中性脂）的生物量与土壤有机质、土壤易提取球囊霉素含量呈正相关关系,AM真菌丰富度指数与土壤有机质含量呈正相关,AM真菌多样性指数与土壤全氮含量、脲酶活性呈正相关。受农业管理措施导致的土壤理化性状及土壤生物学差异等综合因素影响,土壤微生物生物量及AM真菌多样性和丰富度改变。免耕覆盖措施提高了土壤AM真菌多样性指数,有机肥施用显著影响了AM真菌NLFA/PLFA生物量的比例,改变了AM真菌孢子和菌丝间生物量碳的分配关系。 相似文献
11.
[目的]针对西北干旱区煤矸石山边坡植被重建初期,探究不同建植年限群落特征的变化规律,为乌海市矿区生态重建的中、后期工作提供依据。[方法]以乌海市矿区美方煤矸石山为研究对象,采用野外样方调查取样的方法,对比分析了矸石山植被重建初期的植物生长状况与群落稳定性。[结果]①研究区植被重建过程中,物种数量明显增加。自然侵入植物种在重建2 a时仅有4种,建植3 a增加至6种,建植4 a已增加至7种。不同植被重建年限群落中白茎盐生草(Halogeton arachnoideus)均处于优势地位,表明群落正在进行正向演替过程。②随重建年限从2 a增加至4 a,植被平均盖度、地上生物量、群落丰富度指数均增加了1.5倍左右,表明群落结构逐步稳定。③煤矸石山,在植被重建2~4 a时,群落正处于演替初期,群落相似性系数逐年降低,群落结构趋于复杂化,但仍处于不稳定状态。[结论]在矸石山后续的恢复中,在种植矿区典型复垦植物种,例如豆科、禾本科、菊科等植物时,应适当促进适应当地条件的本地物种自然定植,并且通过种植演替后期的本土植物种类在煤矸石山保留当地基因库。 相似文献
12.
丛枝菌根(AM)真菌可以与湿地植物共生，并在湿地生态系统的修复与维护过程中具有重要作用。然而，不同环境条件下湿地土壤AM真菌群落分布特征及其影响因素仍然有待明晰。选择鄱阳湖湿地不同水位条件(高水位和低水位)2种典型植物群落(南荻和水蓼)为研究对象，运用高通量测序技术探究水位和植被类型对鄱阳湖湿地土壤AM真菌群落结构和多样性的影响，比较不同环境条件下AM真菌群落结构和多样性差异，分析其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明，AM真菌OTU数为21～38,水位和植被类型影响鄱阳湖湿地土壤AM真菌OTU数，高水位下AM真菌OTU数高于低水位，水蓼群落高于南荻群落。被鉴别出的菌属为Glomus、Claroideoglomus和Paraglomus,其中，Glomus是优势属，占比85%以上，其相对丰度在高水位下显著高于低水位(p<0.05),南荻群落高于水蓼群落。AM真菌多样性指数(Simpson和Shannon指数)受水位和植被类型以及二者交互影响(p<0.01),低水位下不同群落之间的AM真菌多样性指数无显著差异，而高水位下水蓼群落AM真菌多样性指数显著高于南荻群落(p<0.05... 相似文献
13.
Luke D. Bainard Alexander M. Koch Andrew M. Gordon John N. Klironomos 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2012
Previous research has found that conventional agricultural systems adversely affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, there is little information on how more ecologically sustainable agricultural practices such as tree-based intercropping (TBI) influence AM fungal communities. In this study, we investigated whether TBI promotes a more abundant and diverse AM fungal community compared to conventional monocropping (CM). Abundance was estimated by measuring spore abundance and hyphal length in soil, and AM fungal colonization of corn (Zea mays) roots. Overall, AM fungal abundance was similar in both systems as corn roots from the CM and TBI systems were heavily colonized (>50%) by AM fungi throughout the growing season. Additionally, soil samples from the CM and TBI systems contained similar spore densities and hyphal length. Molecular analysis of the AM fungal community was assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of large subunit rRNA genes amplified from roots in the two cropping systems. A total of fourteen AM fungal phylotypes that belonged to the Glomeraceae were found in the two cropping systems. The TBI system had a higher AM fungal richness and contained several taxa not found in the CM system. Molecular analysis of AM fungal communities also revealed significant temporal and compositional differences between the TBI and CM systems. Within the TBI system, tree species differentially influenced the AM fungal community composition in the alley cropping regions. Future research should focus on determining whether compositional differences among AM fungal communities in CM and TBI systems have a functional effect on crop growth and productivity. 相似文献
14.
内蒙古盐碱土中AM真菌的多样性与分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在内蒙古盐碱土13种主要植物分离到3属26种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)22种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)3种,原囊霉属(Archaeospora)1种。地球囊霉(Glomus geosporum)和地表球囊霉(Glomus ver-siforme)是该区域盐碱土中的优势种。13种主要植物均能被AM真菌侵染,其中玉米和马蔺的侵染率最高,达100%;根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度范围为29~182个g-1烘干土,其中稻的孢子密度最高,达182个g-1烘干土;在不同土壤类型条件下植物的菌根侵染率具有明显的差异,其规律为草甸盐土>碱化盐土>盐化草甸土>碱化草甸土;根际土壤中孢子密度以碱化草甸土最高(101个g-1烘干土),其次为碱化盐土、草甸盐土和盐化草甸土。相关分析表明,根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度与菌根侵染率无显著相关性。 相似文献
15.
Root colonization, abundance of spores and hyphae, as well as species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were analyzed in citrus orchards along an altitudinal gradient. The citrus trees were heavily colonized (50.87–77.45%) by native AM fungi. In citrus orchards located at <600 m above sea level (asl), we recorded more extensive hyphal and arbuscular colonization, and higher spore and hyphal length density. AM fungal colonization, spore density, and hyphal length density were closely correlated with edaphic factors such as available phosphorus, pH, and organic matter. A total of 18 AM fungal species belonging to 3 different orders, Archaeosporales (1 species), Diversisporales (7 species) and Glomerales (10 species), were identified on the basis of spore morphological characteristics. In orchards located at higher altitudes (≥700 m asl), we observed a significant decrease in species richness and Shannon–Wiener index values. However, in all of the surveyed orchards, Glomus aggregatum, Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices were the dominant species. Isolate frequency and relative abundance of AM fungi exhibited clearly distinct distribution patterns among taxonomic families. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the AM fungal community structure was significantly influenced by environmental factors, especially altitude, pH, soil moisture, and available nitrogen. Our data indicated that environmental factors are important in determining AM fungal root colonization, propagule numbers, and species diversity in citrus orchards. 相似文献
16.
Anna Yang Junli Hu Xiangui Lin Anning Zhu Junhua Wang Jue Dai Ming Hung Wong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(6):835-843
Purpose
Modern agricultural science has greatly reduced the use of tillage. Monitoring conservation versus conventional tillage effects on soil microbes could improve our understanding of soil biochemical processes and thus help us to develop sound management strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of conservation tillage on the spore community structure and the diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and to find out the main factors that influence these parameters.Materials and methods
A long-term field experiment established in a sandy loam soil in Northern China has received continuous tillage management treatments for 3?years, including conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT), and alternating tillage (AT). Topsoil samples (0?C15?cm) from four individual plots per treatment were collected for the analysis of chemical properties and fungal parameters. AM fungal spores were isolated using the wet-sieving method and identified to species level based on morphology by light microscopy. The community structure and the diversity of AM fungi were evaluated using the following parameters: spore density, relative abundance, species richness, Shannon?CWiener index (H??), evenness (E), and Simpson's index (D). Jaccard index (J) of similarity was calculated to compare AM fungal species composition under different treatments.Results and discussion
Twenty-eight species of AM fungi within four genera, Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, and Entrophospora, were recovered from the 12 plots within the three tillage management treatments. Higher spore density, species richness, and species diversity (H??, E, and D) of AM fungi were observed in the two conservation tillage treatments, and the redundancy analysis showed that the species richness significantly correlated to soil organic carbon content (P?<?0.05). The positive effects of NT and AT on the species richness were very close, while the AT had relatively greater beneficial impacts on the spore density and the evenness of AM fungi compared to the NT. The lowest Jaccard index (J) of similarity in species composition was also observed between the AT and CT treatments.Conclusions
Soil organic carbon, the spore density, and species richness and diversity of AM fungi increased in the two conservation tillage treatments. The species richness of AM fungi significantly correlated to soil organic carbon content (P?<?0.05). Compared with the CT treatment, the AT rather than the NT significantly increased the spore density and the evenness of AM fungi (P?<?0.05). Thus, alternating tillage practice may be more beneficial to agroecosystem in this region. 相似文献17.
Taylor C. Holland Pat Bowen Carl Bogdanoff Miranda M. Hart 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(4):667-674
Grapevines form associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These root-dwelling fungi have the potential to contribute to crop vigor, productivity, pathogen protection, and nutrient content in grapes. In this study the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of grapevines and the surrounding interrow and native vegetation are compared. We found over 40 different taxa associating with both vines and interrow vegetation, but these communities differed based on host plant identity. These differences were apparent even after accounting for differences in soil chemical properties and differences in host plant diversity between vinerows and interrows, indicating that Vitis preferentially interacts with a subset of the viticultural fungal community. Since AM fungal communities play a major role in grapevine health, our results suggest that host identity and the diversity of AM fungal hosts in a vineyard can have strong effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community structure. In this paper, we used high throughput sequencing of the large subunit rDNA to analyze the diversity of AM fungi growing in a vineyard. 相似文献
18.
Annika Uibopuu Mari Moora Tim Daniell Maarja Öpik 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(10):2141-2146
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important functional components of ecosystems. Although there is accumulating knowledge about AMF diversity in different ecosystems, the effect of forest management on diversity and functional characteristics of AMF communities has not been addressed. Here, we used soil inoculum representing three different AM fungal communities (from a young forest stand, an old forest stand and an arable field) in a greenhouse experiment to investigate their effect on the growth of three plant species with contrasting local distributions - Geum rivale, Trifolium pratense and Hypericum maculatum. AM fungal communities in plant roots were analysed using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) method. The effect of natural AMF communities from the old and young forest on the growth of studied plant species was similar. However, the AMF community from the contrasting arable ecosystems increased H. maculatum root and shoot biomass compared with forest inocula and T. pratense root biomass compared to sterile control. According to ordination analysis AMF inocula from old and young forest resulted in similar root AMF communities whilst plants grown with AM fungi from arable field hosted a different AMF community from those grown with old forest inocula. AMF richness in plant roots was not related to the origin of AMF inoculum. G. rivale hosted a significantly different AM fungal community to that of T. pratense and H. maculatum. We conclude that although the composition of AM fungal communities in intensively managed stands differed from that of old stands, the ecosystem can still offer the ‘symbiotic service’ necessary for the restoration of a characteristic old growth understorey plant community. 相似文献
19.
Wilhelm Opitz Von Boberfeld 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):237-239
Studies were carried out on spatio-temporal variations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with Carica papaya L. growing in two different geographic localities in Goa, India – Western Ghats and coastal area, differing in soil characteristics and plantation status. The study recorded considerable variation in root colonization, spore density and distribution of AM fungi in the selected sites. The mean total root colonization was at a maximum in the month of July, while spore density was highest in April. The study recorded a total 33 species of AM fungi. Western Ghats recorded a relatively higher diversity of AM fungi compared to coastal area. Species richness of AM fungi was at a maximum in April and coincided with maximum mean spore density. Edaphic as well as climatic factors influenced the AM fungal parameters. The study recorded the existence of seasonality in AM fungi. 相似文献
20.
降水变化和氮沉降是影响植物、微生物和土壤环境变化的两个重要方面。尽管丛枝菌根（AM）真菌在陆地生态系统中起着至关重要的作用，但人们对降水变化和氮添加如何交互影响AM真菌群落仍知之甚少。本研究以短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象，采用裂区设计，主区为自然降雨(CK)、增雨30%(W)和减雨30%(R)三个水分梯度，副区为0(N0)，30(N30)，50(N50)和100(N100) kg?hm-2?a-1 四个氮素梯度共12个处理，通过高通量测序分析了土壤中AM真菌群落的多样性和组成。结果发现，水分处理对土壤AM真菌的Alpha多样性有促进作用，氮素处理抑制了土壤AM真菌的Alpha多样性，水分增加和氮素添加的交互作用促进了AM真菌的Alpha多样性增加，并改变了土壤AM真菌群落组成。水分和氮素刺激了各功能型植物生物量的增加，氮添加使多年生杂草和半灌木、小半灌木生物量显著增加，多年生禾草生物量显著减少。此外，多型孢子菌科的相对丰度与一二年生植物和半灌木、小半灌木生物量呈显著正相关，一二年生植物和半灌木、小半灌木生物量在氮添加和增雨处理下增加。本研究证明了AM真菌群落在短期气候变化下的稳定性。此外，AM真菌在科水平上的丰度与各生活型植物地上生物量的相关性证明了地上和地下生态系统的连通性。 相似文献