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自拟中草药复方对奶牛乳房炎致病菌体外抑菌试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖业最常见的疾病，引起奶牛乳房炎的病原菌很多，主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌、无乳停乳链球菌和大肠杆菌等。应用抗菌药物治疗乳房炎是国内外普遍采用的主要措施之一，但随着抗菌剂长期大剂量的广泛使用，细菌耐药性和抗菌药物乳中残留问题被普遍关注。中药作为天然药物，不仅不存在药物残留带来的公共卫生问题，而且许多中药还是很好的免疫调节剂，因此，用中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的研究成为近年来的热门课题。一些中药复方制剂和中药提取物制剂，已经在奶牛乳房炎的防治方面发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2015,(5)
奶牛乳房炎是由细菌、真菌等病原微生物引起的一类最常见疾病。当奶牛因细菌感染引起乳房炎时,无论是真性乳房炎还是隐形乳房炎,抗生素治疗都是最常用的方法,但抗生素在治疗奶牛乳房炎的同时,会在牛奶中产生药物残留,直接威胁人类的身体健康,也给奶牛养殖者造成较大的经济损失。中药治疗奶牛乳房炎具有安全、高效、方便、廉价而又无药物残留的特点,而蒲公英一直是中国古典医学典籍中治疗乳房炎的首选药物。因此进行中药蒲公英的药敏试验,以期为用蒲公英治疗细菌引起的奶牛乳房炎提供参考依据。 相似文献
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对呼市地区部分奶牛场64头奶牛的256份乳样随机取样64份进行细菌分离鉴定,并选择主要致病菌进行动物致病性试验和药物敏感性试验。引起本地区奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌为停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌等,多数引起奶牛乳房炎的病原菌的致病力不强,但这些细菌在乳房内繁殖和产生的毒素、代谢产物等可造成乳房出现炎症,各养殖场分离菌对试验中所使用抗菌药物的敏感性差异极大。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2019,(12)
黑龙江省某奶牛场奶牛乳房炎发病率高,牛乳中体细胞超标严重,严重影响该奶牛场的经济效益。为了明确引起该奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的主要致病病原菌,筛选敏感药物给出治疗方案。本实验对该奶牛场中30份奶牛乳房炎乳汁进行乳样处理、细菌培养、药敏试验及DNA提取和PCR扩增。通过DNA提取和PCR扩增确定其主要致病病原菌大多为无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、肠球菌及少量金黄色葡萄球菌。乳样中并未检测出支原体、乳房链球菌及变形杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,该场患病奶牛对阿莫西林、头孢噻呋钠敏感,对一种商品名为惠可宁的硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂耐药性明显。最终得出该厂患乳房炎奶牛的乳汁中分离出的细菌大多数为停乳链球菌,无乳链球菌,肠球菌和少量的金黄色葡萄球菌。当本地区奶牛检测为乳房炎时,可首选阿莫西林,头孢噻呋钠等敏感药物治疗,对奶牛乳房炎的治疗具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
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中草药方剂治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎疗效试验 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
奶牛乳房炎是由多种病原微生物引起的一种局部炎症。这些病原由细菌、病毒及真菌等组成 ,以细菌居多。在细菌病原中 ,以金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌(包括无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌和乳房链球菌 )、大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏杆菌、绿脓杆菌等最多 ,其中有不少为人畜共同病原。奶牛乳房炎分临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎二种。前者发病程度严重 ,但发病率低 ,隐性乳房炎虽无临床型表现 ,但用SMT可检测到阳性 ,细菌分离可查到病原菌 ,发生率高 ,对奶牛生产的质量和数量都有影响。生奶生产是奶业生产的重要环节 ,故对奶牛乳房炎的防治具有重要的公共卫生意义。… 相似文献
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宋天永 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2012,(11):41
奶牛乳房炎是奶牛的常见疾病之一,以病原微生物侵入乳腺引起的乳房炎占大部分,大多是由细菌、病毒、支原体、真菌等侵入乳头,经乳腺管进入乳腺组织,从而引起发病,病原复杂.在临床上应以预防为主,治疗为辅,选择可行的治疗方法,防治结合,才能有效控制奶牛乳房炎的发生.
1 奶牛乳房炎的预防治疗
1.1抗生素治疗 适用于乳房炎发病急性期的治疗,以抗菌消炎、解热镇痛为主,改善血液循环为辅.严重的采用静脉注射全身治疗,慢性型作环行封闭式穴位注射、乳基深注、乳房灌注等.常用的抗菌药物有青霉素、链霉素、四环素、氯霉素、卡那霉素和磺胺类药. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是影响世界奶牛业发展的最主要疾病之一,不仅给奶牛养殖业带来严重的经济损失,而且还影响牛奶的产量和质量,危及人类健康。引起奶牛乳房炎的病因很复杂,但最主要的病因是病原微生物感染,其中葡萄球菌、链球菌和肠道菌感染是引起奶牛乳房炎的最主要病原菌。为有效治疗奶牛乳房炎,对奶牛乳房炎病原菌的早期快速诊断至关重要。作者对目前用于奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断的常规微生物生化鉴定法、全自动微生物鉴定系统、刃天青微量板法、免疫诊断法、核酸探针杂交、16S rRNA基因序列测定、PCR、基因芯片及环介导等温扩增技术等的研究进展进行了综述,并比较分析了这些方法的优缺点,同时对未来奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断的研究方向和前景进行了展望,以期为进一步开发快速、特异、敏感的奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断技术提供理论依据。 相似文献
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WANG Dan YANG Feng LI Xin-pu LUO Jin-yin LIU Long-hai ZHANG Zhe ZHANG Ya-ru ZHANG Li-li LI Hong-sheng 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(6):1811-1817
Dairy cow mastitis is one of the most costly diseases affecting the development of the world dairy industry. It causes a serious economic loss to dairy farming, and affects the yield and quality of milk, endangers human health. The cause of dairy cow mastitis is complex, but the main cause is pathogen infection, particularly Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and intestinal bacterial infection. The rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria of mastitis is crucial for the effectively treatment of the dairy cow mastitis. In order to provide theoretical basis for developing rapid, specific and sensitive of dairy cow mastitis pathogens diagnosis, the author summarized the microbiological and biochemical assay method in routine used of dairy cow mastitis pathogen diagnosis, automatic microbial identification system, resazurin trace plate method, immune diagnosis method, the nucleic acid probe hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequences of sequencing, PCR, gene chip and LAMP etc, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. 相似文献
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Khan Sharun Kuldeep Dhama Ruchi Tiwari Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo Shailesh Kumar Patel Mamta Pathak Kumaragurubaran Karthik Sandip Kumar Khurana Rahul Singh Bhavani Puvvala Amarpal Rajendra Singh Karam Pal Singh Wanpen Chaicumpa 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):107
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals. 相似文献
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New Strategies to Prevent Mastitis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S Pyörälä 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(4):211-216
Bovine mastitis remains as the disease causing the biggest economic losses to the dairy industry, despite the intensive research and prevention measures at herd level carried out for decades. Antibiotics are widely used to combat mastitis, but focus should be shifted from treatment to more economical and efficient prevention. The bacteriological aetiology of mastitis has changed from contagious to environmental pathogens, which has reduced the efficacy of the traditional mastitis control strategies. Considerable progress in the understanding of epidemiology, immunology, diagnostics and pathogenesis of mastitis has been made. The modern molecular biological methods offer good possibilities for the research of the epidemiological and virulence aspects of bacteria, which may help in building‐up specific mastitis control strategies for dairy herds. Studies on the host response and relationship between somatic cell count and susceptibility to mastitis offer tools for genetic improvement of dairy cows. Biotechnological approaches for mastitis prevention are in the developmental stage, but many problems are associated, e.g. with vaccination of dairy cows against mastitis. Different methods of immunomodulation for the prevention of mastitis have shown promise in experimental trials, but the evidence is not yet enough to support commercial applications. Improving nutrition, housing and environment of dairy cattle are still crucial in the prevention of mastitis, especially during the most susceptible period after parturition. New milking techniques including robotic milking may provide better possibility for proper milking and improved udder health. Mastitis control should be part of the herd health programme in the dairy herds. In this paper, results from recent research and proposals for new prevention strategies in the field of mastitis are reviewed. 相似文献
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Accurate diagnosis of disease is the major step between the cause and cure of disease. An economical, reliable, and rapid diagnostic tool is fundamental for the management of udder health. The earlier the disease is identified, the less will be the damage; keeping this in mind, many efforts are being made to develop reliable diagnostic tools for use on farm. However, traditional gold standard methods including somatic cell count and microbial culturing are still in use. They are partially being replaced with polymerase chain reaction and sequencing-based tests. Nanotechnology and protein-based tests have also gained lot of attention and some of them are potential candidate of future diagnostic tests for bovine mastitis. Research laboratories are struggling to develop simple, economical, and user-friendly biosensor-based methods that can be performed on farm for rapid diagnosis. The combination of both genomic and proteomic approaches, together with further involvement of nanotheranostic technologies and other sensors, will assist in the quest of better mastitis diagnostic tools. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,由多种致病菌感染引起,它不仅造成重大的经济损失,还影响乳的品质,危及人的健康。常规的检测方法在乳房炎的检测方面都存在不同程度的局限性。作者就PCR、多重PCR、实时荧光定量PCR、基因芯片等分子生物学技术在奶牛乳房炎诊断上的研究作一综述,并对其发展前景进行了分析展望。 相似文献
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为实现奶牛蹄皮炎以及乳房炎的早期诊断和及时干预,利用一种基于高清摄像头的新型奶牛蹄皮炎诊断及乳头末端评分设备,对黑龙江省大庆市某牛场的681头奶牛进行蹄皮炎鉴别诊断,并与平面镜反射法的诊断速度与结果进行对比;随机抽选其中的100头奶牛进行高清摄像头奶牛乳头末端评分,结合牧场DHI数据,评价高清摄像头奶牛乳导管末端评分方法与隐性乳房炎LMT诊断法诊断结果之间的相关性和一致性。结果表明,该设备在奶牛蹄皮炎鉴别诊断和奶牛乳导管末端评分的应用中具有画面传输速度快、成像效果好、待机时间长、诊断快速准确、成本低、便捷性能良好等优点,能够对奶牛蹄皮炎不同分期进行精确判断,与传统诊断方法相比能提高蹄皮炎诊断与乳导管末端评分的工作效率,大幅降低劳动强度,其对奶牛乳头末端的评分结果与隐性乳房炎LMT诊断法的评分结果之间呈现较强的相关性,并且一致性较好。研究结果为牧场奶牛蹄皮炎及乳房炎的早期诊断及预防提供了新方法。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎的研究进展及防控措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
奶牛乳房炎的研究进展及防控措施 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(12):102-107
奶牛乳房炎发病率高且危害大,在奶牛养殖中属于常见疾病。该病主要是由于病原微生物入侵奶牛乳腺组织而引发的局部炎症,其不仅会造成奶牛产奶量降低,而且还会影响牛奶的品质。由于治疗过程中的兽药残留和由某些病原微生物感染引起的奶牛乳房炎治愈率低等问题,奶牛乳房炎的防治显得极为重要。从病原菌的种类、致病机理以及诊断方法和防控措施等方面介绍了奶牛乳房炎的研究进展,以期为奶牛乳房炎的科学防治提供参考。 相似文献