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1.
Six trials in Queensland compared the bruising of 960 cattle with untipped, tipped and no horns. In three of the trials the treatment groups were kept separate during transit to the abattoir. In the other trials all cattle were handled as the one group. Tipped and untipped cattle had similar bruising, whether sent for slaughter as separate groups or together. Thus tipping was ineffective in preventing bruising. Hornless cattle had significantly (P less than 0.05) less bruising than horned cattle when consigned as separate groups. However, this advantage was lost when hornless cattle were mixed with tipped or untipped animals. 相似文献
2.
The effects on bruising and muscle pH of mixing cows and steers at loading, and 96 hours before loading, for transport to slaughter were examined. A second experiment investigated the effect on bruising of mixing two strange groups of steers at loading, 24 and 96 hours before loading. All cattle were hornless Bos indicus crossbreds from the same property in north Queensland. The bruise score, bruise trim weight and muscle pH of mixed cows and steers did not differ significantly from that of those transported separately. Mixing of two strange groups of steers did not significantly affect bruising. Time of mixing had no noteworthy effect on bruising. Cows bruised significantly (P less than 0.01) more than steers. These results have important implications for low cost beef management. 相似文献
3.
The movements of cattle at 12 livestock auction markets were observed to determine the possible causes of trauma leading to carcase bruising. Design faults included right-angled bends in races, dead ends, flooring with insufficient slope or grip, and steps. Sliding gates were often misused for goading cattle. Projecting fittings and square-edged corners were potentially injurious; conversely, rounded posts and curved races assisted the flow of cattle with minimal impacts. At all the markets, some cattle were hit directly and poked with wooden sticks, and the variations in their use could partially explain the differences between the markets in the prevalence of carcase bruising. Most harder hits were directed at less valuable parts of the body, such as the spine, hips and shoulders, and a survey of bruising at the abattoir showed that these were the areas with most bruising. In this survey of 48,926 carcases, the overall level of commercially significant bruising of 4.1 per cent was lower than the 6.5 per cent found in a previous survey. Carcases of cattle from markets had a greater incidence and severity of bruising (P<0.001) than those arriving directly from farms or dealers. Carcase bruising in young bulls was less (P<0.001) than in heifers and steers. 相似文献
4.
Cysticercus bovis was detected at meat inspection in 2.16 per cent of 102,087 carcases of cattle from Matabeleland Province, slaughtered in Bulawayo during a period of 11 months. Lightly infested (detained) carcases accounted for 95 per cent of those with cysticercosis. The head was the only site affected in 58.4 per cent of the detained carcases, the shoulder in 20.1 per cent and the heart in 7.9 per cent. In more heavily infested (condemned) carcases 81.1 per cent had at least three sites affected. The incidence of cysts was highest in older male animals but in younger animals it was highest in cows. In the detained carcases an average of 1.5 cysts were found, of which 76 per cent were live and 24 per cent dead. Condemned carcases had more than 58 cysts on average, of which 98 per cent were live and 2 per cent dead. Live cysts were more common in older cattle and dead cysts were more common in younger animals. The incidence of C bovis in carcases of cattle originating from communal areas was 3.2 per cent compared with 1.6 per cent in those originating from commercial farms. 相似文献
5.
The preslaughter handling and behaviour, and subsequent bruising was observed in 49 groups of sheep in a commercial slaughterhouse. A greater percentage of bruised carcases was found in lambs (71%) than in ewes (49%) (P less than 0.01). A greater percentage of severely bruised carcases was found in lambs from markets (20%) than in those direct from farms (12%) (P less than 0.05). Significant correlations were found between the occurrence of recent bruising and wool-pulls during unloading, riding by another sheep, and hits and squashes against structures at the slaughterhouse. However, even assuming that each potentially traumatic event observed in the slaughterhouse caused a bruise, only about one-quarter of the bruising could have been attributed to handling problems at the slaughterhouse. Eight-eight per cent of all bruises were estimated to have been caused within about 24 h of death, indicating that most bruising probably was caused by handling problems during loading on the farm, during transit and particularly at markets. 相似文献
6.
【目的】试验旨在对崂山奶山羊无角间性综合征(polled intersex syndrome,PIS)生殖缺陷基因进行定位并分析其基因型。【方法】以155只崂山奶山羊为研究对象,其中有角公羊9只、有角母羊34只、无角母羊29只、无角公羊47只、间性山羊36只。对36只间性山羊进行表型特征分析;以155只崂山奶山羊血液基因组DNA为材料进行遗传学性别鉴定;根据山羊基因组DNA的完整序列信息(RefSeq:NC_030808.1)分别设计PIS wt-2、PIS wt-3和PIS var-2 3对扩增引物,利用PCR方法验证山羊PIS区是否存在198 bp替换和108 bp缺失,并分析不同性状山羊PIS基因的基因型。【结果】36只间性山羊包括17只大阴蒂雄性假间性、12只拟雌性假间性和7只短阴茎间性这3种不同的表型,其性染色体均为XX;山羊PIS区是完全缺失的,且在129 427 003~129 427 905 bp区域并不存在198 bp替换和108 bp缺失;间性山羊的基因型全为突变纯合子,其突变类型为10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复双突变;有角山羊的基因型全为野生型纯合子,没有发生10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复;在检测的无角山羊中,有10只10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复双突变纯合子公羊,其余无角山羊的基因型为10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复单突变的杂合子。【结论】间性山羊的出现是由于10.1 kb的完全缺失和1个反向插入的约480 kb大小的重复片段导致,且间性性状仅发生在纯合子母羊中,而公羊的纯合缺失并不会出现间性性状。结果可为进一步揭示山羊无角性状的遗传机制以及培育崂山奶山羊无角新品系提供参考。 相似文献
7.
SUMMARY One hundred and seventy four bruises, taken from 271 cattle of mixed age and type, were aged histologically. At least 43% of all bruises occurred after the animals had arrived at the abattoirs. Bruise age was not related to bruise size or location. The results indicate a need to include examination of abattoir handling techniques in any programme to reduce carcase bruising. 相似文献
8.
Investigation of a cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response as a means of detecting Salmonella dublin infection in cattle 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions developed 48 to 96 h after intradermal injection of killed Salmonella dublin in 25 of 28 cattle which had been inoculated intravenously, and in five of 10 cattle which had been inoculated orally with S dublin 24 to 493 days previously. Control animals showed no delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Persistence of infection in five of the intravenously inoculated and in four of the orally inoculated animals was confirmed by isolation of S dublin from the carcases at necropsy one week after skin testing. Failure to isolate the organism from the carcases of 21 animals which had reacted positively to the intradermal test did not eliminate the possibility of their being carriers of S dublin. Skin testing was concluded to be a reliable means of identifying animals which had been, and possibly still were, infected systemically with S dublin. However recovered animals might be falsely identified as infected. Repeated testing gave misleading results. 相似文献
9.
In two abattoirs, visual cleanliness of 100 cattle was assessed before slaughter (on a scale of 1 to 4). From each animal, two sponge swabs (approximately 2000 cm(2) area, each) were taken: (a) from hide, immediately after sticking, and (b) from final carcase, but before chilling. In each swab sample, total viable count (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae count (EC) and the presence of Escherichia coli O157 were determined. The mean TVC/EC status of hides and final carcases differed significantly only between very dirty cattle (category 4) and all other less dirty or clean cattle (categories 1, 2 and 3), but not between the less dirty and clean cattle (between categories 1, 2 and 3). However, no clear relationship between the visual cleanliness of the hide and the occurrence of E coli O157 on hide or dressed carcases was observed. The study indicated the possibility that visual categorisation of cattle into only two main categories - one containing very dirty animals (category 4 in this work, corresponding to categories 4+5 in The UK Food Standards Agency system) and another containing all the other less dirty or clean animals (categories 1+2+3) - could be sufficient in practice. 相似文献
10.
Honkavaara M Rintasalo E Ylönen J Pudas T 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,110(3):125-128
This study evaluated the effect of transport time up to 14 hours and the effects of vehicle design on animal welfare, stress and meat quality. 18 transports (six short, medium and long) with a total of 486 animals (118 sample animals, heifers and bulls) were carried out on commercial vehicles in summer 2000 and winter 2001. Animal welfare and stress were evaluated by blood serum parameters, heart rate monitoring, behaviour recording and occurrence of carcass bruising. Meat quality was evaluated by post mortem muscle glycogen content, pH value, temperature, drip loss, colour and tenderness measurements. Heifers had lower heart rates than young bulls during loading (95 vs 114 beats per minute, bpm), whereas during transport, both had an average heart rate of 100 bpm, furthermore during unloading, heifers had higher heart rates than bulls (109 vs 100 bpm). Blood sampling during unloading could have marginally increased heart rates during the unloading procedure. Studied cattle had lower heart rates during medium and long distance transports compared with short transports. Monitoring of animal behaviour during transport showed that the former settled down faster than the latter. Single- and two-animal pens in medium and long distance vehicles prevented nervous and stressful movements of cattle, which were more prominent in large pens of short distance lorry. Present results suggest that larger pens of three or four animals could increase cattle stress during transport. Moreover during unloading, cattle loaded in single- or two-animals pens had significantly lower blood cortisol content than those loaded in larger groups of three or four animals (P < 0.01). The amount of severe carcass bruising was highest in animals transported over short times and loaded into groups of four cattle. Severe damages occurred most often on perianal and hipbone area of the carcass surface. Present results showed that muscle glycogen level was highest after long transport. These animals were fed more regularly from the last feeding up to stunning than medium or short distance animals. Animals in single-pens had the highest muscle glycogen level. Transport distance or number of animals in one pen had a minor effect on muscle pH values or temperatures during 24 hours post mortem (pm). Drip loss of the M. longissimus dorsi (LD) was highest after long transport, but animal number in one pen had no effect on drip loss. Colour of the LD muscle was independent on transport conditions. Light colour of three animal groups resulted from high amounts of heifers, which had lighter colour than bulls. All meat samples were quite tender. However, heifers had significantly tender meat than young bulls (P < 0.001). Higher amounts of heifers had the most tender meat after short transports. Mean DFD (dark, firm, dry) meat occurrence was 2.1% in this project, DFD frequency was lowest after short, then after long and highest after medium distance transports. Because of not evenly distributed numbers of bulls (low) and heifers (high) it was difficult to compare short and long distance transport effects. 相似文献
11.
P Chicoteau A Bassinga I Sidibé T Pobel X Richard P Clausen 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1990,43(4):473-477
Trypanosome infection influences reproductive function in trypanotolerant as well as trypanosensitive cattle. Abortions and anoestrus behaviour have been noted in short horned Baoulé cattle in high risk areas of trypanosome infestation. These reproductive disturbances, which are systematically encountered in sensitive animals as well as some resistant animals, seem to be linked with a degradation in the physical state of the animal, anemia, and hyperthermia. Finally, a considerable amount of individual variation has been reported in what concerns the animals response to trypanosome infection. 相似文献
12.
A nationwide longitudinal study was conducted to investigate risk factors for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle in Australian feedlots. After induction (processing), cattle were placed in feedlot pens (cohorts) and monitored for occurrence of BRD over the first 50 days on feed. Data from a national cattle movement database were used to derive variables describing mixing of animals with cattle from other farms, numbers of animals in groups before arrival at the feedlot, exposure of animals to saleyards before arrival at the feedlot, and the timing and duration of the animal's move to the vicinity of the feedlot. Total and direct effects for each risk factor were estimated using a causal diagram-informed process to determine covariates to include in four-level Bayesian logistic regression models. Mixing, group size and timing of the animal's move to the feedlot were important predictors of BRD. Animals not mixed with cattle from other farms prior to 12 days before induction and then exposed to a high level of mixing (≥4 groups of animals mixed) had the highest risk of developing BRD (OR 3.7) compared to animals mixed at least 4 weeks before induction with less than 4 groups forming the cohort. Animals in groups formed at least 13 days before induction comprising 100 or more (OR 0.5) or 50–99 (OR 0.8) were at reduced risk compared to those in groups of less than 50 cattle. Animals moved to the vicinity of the feedlot at least 27 days before induction were at reduced risk (OR 0.4) compared to cattle undergoing short-haul transportation (<6 h) to the feedlot within a day of induction, while those experiencing longer transportation durations (6 h or more) within a day of induction were at slightly increased risk (OR 1.2). Knowledge of these risk factors could potentially be used to inform management decisions to reduce the risk of BRD in feedlot cattle. 相似文献
13.
Eighty of a group of 150 housed beef cattle showed classical signs of botulism after eating a batch of ensiled poultry litter. Sixty-eight of the animals died and Clostridium botulinum type C toxin was detected in 18 of 22 sera examined. C botulinum organisms were isolated from the ensiled litter and type C toxin was demonstrated in samples of decomposed poultry carcases present in the litter. This outbreak of bovine botulism was the most serious to have been recorded in Europe and was the first associated with feeding ensiled poultry litter. 相似文献
14.
[目的]通过屠宰测定分析,了解无角夏南牛的屠宰性能和肉质品质,为下一步无角夏南牛的选育提供资料。[方法]通过对20头24月龄无角夏南牛育肥公牛进行屠宰测定和肉质分析。[结果]20头无角夏南牛的屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积、肉骨比、高档优质肉块比率、高档肉块率分别为：62.62%、52.8%、111.17 cm2、5.82:1、49.69%和28.36%;肩肉、大黄瓜条、外脊3个部位的蛋白质含量分别为：23.602%±0.192%、20.852%±1.212%、21.522%±1.282%;脂肪含量分别为4.262%±1.612%、3.122%±1.052%、2.802%±2.492%;肌肉剪切力分别为：4.60kg±1.92kg、3.59kg±1.58kg、4.49kg±1.44kg。[结论]无角夏南牛的品种培育、改良效果显著,生产高档部位肉块的能力强、肉质好。 相似文献
15.
Botulism was diagnosed clinically in grazing cattle on three closely sited dairy farms. The evidence suggests that the source of the toxin was poultry carcases containing types C and D Clostridium botulinum. These organism were also found in the alimentary tract of affected animals. Silage is suspected as having acted as a vehicle for the organisms and, or, toxins in cases which occurred later in housed cattle on one of the farms. 相似文献
16.
Thirty-two cattle were included in a study to confirm the efficacy of ivermectin administered at 200 μg kg−1 against Parafilaria bovicola and to determine the time required for resolution of the lesions caused by the parasite. Four treated and four control animals were slaughtered over 2 days starting 15, 30, 50 or 70 days after treatment. The number, distribution and surface area of carcass lesions, and the weight of tissue trimmed to render the carcasses aesthetically acceptable, were recorded and parasites were recovered from subcutaneous tissues.
Significantly (P < 0.01) fewer worms were recovered from ivermectin-treated cattle slaughtered 50 or 70 days after treatment than from controls. Reductions in the mean number and surface area of lesions, and in the weight of tissue trimmed, were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for the ivermectin-treated group slaughtered 70 days after treatment and approached significance (P < 0.1) for the ivermectin group slaughtered 50 days after treatment. 相似文献
17.
SUMMARY The effect of dehorning Brahman crossbred cattle of four age groups on their subsequent bodyweight performance was monitored in 4 drafts of cattle between 1975 and 1980. During the 6 weeks following dehorning, bodyweight change of dehorned cattle was less (P < 0.05) than that of horned cattle in half of the groups. There were no differences between treatments, in bodyweight gain to 12 months after dehorning, following any dehorning date or in final bodyweight, for each draft. The data suggest that age of dehorning is not critical. 相似文献
18.
Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle in Kenya: a postmortem, microbiological and DNA molecular study 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A study to determine the presence and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle in Kenya was carried out in two abattoirs from July to November 2009. Routine postmortem meat inspection was performed on a subpopulation of 929 cattle selected randomly from among 4,984. Carcases were inspected for gross tuberculous lesions which were then examined for acid-fast bacilli, (AFB), cultured for isolation of mycobacteria and the isolates characterised by DNA molecular analysis. Of the carcases examined, 176 (18.95?%, 95?% CI) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. AFB were observed in 63/176 of the lesioned cattle and mycobacteria were isolated from 64 of them. The isolates were identified as Mycobacterium bovis (19/64), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, (2/64) and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (43/64). The prevalence of M. bovis by molecular analysis was 2.05?% (95?% CI). This study documents for the first time the presence of bovine tuberculosis among slaughter cattle in Kenya. There is therefore a need to formulate and implement control programmes in order to minimise transmission among animals and to humans. Isolation of M. tuberculosis from cattle underscores the risk tuberculous humans pose to animals. 相似文献
19.
本研究测定分析了秸秆制粒饲喂肉牛对其采食、反刍、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵和增重的影响,以丰富秸秆饲料化利用方式。试验选取30头18月龄左右、活重接近的西杂肉牛,随机分成3组(每组10头),分别饲喂粉碎玉米秸秆(对照组)、玉米秸秆颗粒饲料(试验Ⅰ组)及玉米秸秆精粗饲料颗粒(试验Ⅱ组)。结果表明,1)秸秆制粒饲喂肉牛,其采食、反刍、咀嚼时间均有所缩短,且每食团咀嚼时间显著少于对照组(P=0.004),而试验Ⅱ组采食时长显著低于对照组(P=0.032)。2)除试验Ⅰ组中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著低于对照组外(P<0.05),3组肉牛其他养分的表观消化率均无显著差异。3)秸秆粉碎制料后饲喂肉牛影响瘤胃发酵,与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组瘤胃pH值及丁酸含量显著下降(P<0.05),而乙酸含量和乙酸/丙酸显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组瘤胃液丁酸含量显著下降(P<0.05),乙酸/丙酸及NH3-N含量显著升高(P<0.05)。4)秸秆粉碎制粒饲喂肉牛能显著增加日增重和饲料转化率(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组及试验Ⅱ组日增重较对照组分别高出0.36和0.38 kg,饲料转化率(料重比)分别提高27.86%和29.09%。 相似文献
20.
Data were collected from 15 Arkansas livestock auctions to determine factors affecting selling price. Data included how calves were sold (single or groups), sex, breed or breed type, color, muscle thickness, horn status, frame score, fill, body condition, age, health, BW, and price. Data were randomly collected on 52,401 lots consisting of 105,542 calves. Selling prices for steers ($124.20 +/- 0.07), bulls ($117.93 +/- 0.12), and heifers ($112.81 +/- 0.07) were different from each other (P <0.001). Hereford x Charolais feeder calves sold for the highest price ($122.66 +/- 0.14) and Longhorns sold for the lowest price ($74.52 +/- 0.46). Yellow feeder cattle received the highest selling price ($96.47 +/- 0.12), and spotted or striped feeder cattle received the lowest price ($83.84 +/- 0.23). The selling price of singles was lower than the price for calves sold in groups of 6 or more ($117.26 +/- 0.06 vs. $122.61 +/- 0.21; P <0.001). For cattle classified as having muscle scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4, selling prices were $120.45 +/- 0.05, $111.31 +/- 0.09, $96.28 +/- 0.44, and $82.21 +/- 1.87, respectively. Polled feeder cattle sold for $118.57 +/- 0.05, and horned feeder cattle sold for $114.87 +/- 0.14 (P <0.001). Interactions (P <0.001) were detected between frame score and BW groups, and muscle score and BW groups on the selling price of cattle. A number of management and genetic factors affected the selling price of feeder cattle. 相似文献