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1.
试验研究了土壤调理剂对土壤结构性质和甘蓝根系活力、光合指标的影响.结果表明,施用调理剂后,处理两次、处理一次分别使20 cm和30 cm土层的容重下降7.3%、1.9%和4.6%、1.3%,孔隙度分别提高9.3%、2.8%和5.9%、1.9%;与对照相比,处理两次后的阳离子交换量在0~27 cm、27~45 cm土层分别增加5.7%和10.9%;甘蓝的根系活力,处理与对照相比达到1%的显著差异水平;改变了Pn的光合日变化曲线,提高了甘蓝对光强的适应能力,光合能力加强.  相似文献   

2.
土壤调理剂对旱、盐条件下草种萌发的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用田间和盆栽试验研究了不同材料土壤调理剂对草的生长影响,并探讨其使用条件和使用方法。结果表明,干旱条件下,应用调理剂可减轻干旱土壤盐碱的危害,提高出苗率在75%以上。土壤调理剂作种子包衣有较好的抗旱保苗效果,包衣处理的草籽出苗率较对照提高约19%;包衣处理的苗期土壤水分较对照高5%~11%;包衣处理的苗期耗水量较对照降低5%~12%。播期土壤水分为田间持水量的40%(土壤含水量约11%)和20%(土壤含水量约5%)的土壤上,土壤调理剂处理的出苗数分别较对照提高11%~14%和14%~24%;0~20cm土层含水量较对照增加4%~15%。当土壤水分为田间持水量的40%时,土壤调理剂处理的苗期生物量较对照增加3%~42%,单位耗水量较对照降低9%~34%;土壤水分在田间持水量的20%时,调理剂处理的苗期生物量和单位耗水量较对照亦分别表现为增加和降低趋势。  相似文献   

3.
为探究土壤调理剂对烤烟根系微生态环境的影响,采用小区试验,研究土壤调理剂在不同施用量(0、1 500、3 000和4 500 kg·hm-2)水平下烤烟根系活力的动态变化及微生物碳代谢特征。结果表明,添加土壤调理剂3 000 kg·hm-2对烤烟生长发育中后期时的根系活力提高效应最大,移栽后60、90 d较对照分别提高了115.8%、85.3%。羧酸类、氨基酸类是烤烟根际土壤微生物利用的主要碳源,土壤调理剂作用下,羧酸类碳源在移栽后30 d并无显著变化,移栽后60、90 d,施用土壤调理剂3 000 kg·hm-2对羧酸类和氨基酸类碳源的利用率提高作用均最显著,且微生物多样性均一性指数也显著增加。在移栽后30 d,影响微生物碳代谢强度及多样性的主要因素是烤烟根系活力,而移栽后60、90 d,主要影响因素是土壤调理剂。综上,施用土壤调理剂能提高烤烟根系活力,改善土壤微生态环境,以3 000 kg·hm-2施用量为宜。本研究结果为土壤调理剂在烤烟生产上的应用提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

4.
探讨了日光温室中施用有机肥料BGA激活剂后土壤水分动态规律,试验结果表明:BGA激活剂作为一种有机肥料对于保持土壤水分有着明显的作用,施加BGA的土壤含水率要比对照处理高出17.7%;施加BGA后通过水分运移,在根系分布密集的20~60 cm之间的土壤含水率较高,其中20~40 cm的土壤含水率增加26%,40~60 cm的土壤含水率增加28%;试验研究发现,当BGA的施加标准为150 g/株,作物根系土层含水率增加最多。BGA作为一种有机肥料,为发展节水农业提供了一种新的途径。  相似文献   

5.
稻秸覆盖对有机茶园土壤生态环境影响的研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
对多年稻秸覆盖下有机茶园土壤生态环境的研究表明,稻秸覆盖能改善土壤养分状况,稻秸覆盖处理0~40cm土层中,有机质、全N、全P和速效性N、P、K的平均含量均比对照相应土层高,分别是对照处理的2.00倍、1.87倍、1.66倍、1.91倍、1.91倍、2.56倍;稻秸覆盖能增加土壤微生物主要类群数量,0~40cm土层中,覆盖处理的真菌和细菌分别是对照的3.54倍和4.46倍;稻秸覆盖能增加干季土壤含水量,稻秸覆盖处理的0~10cm、10~20cm和0~30cm各土层的土壤含水量分别比对照相应土层提高了26.24%、13.92%和12.38%;稻秸覆盖能改善土壤动物总数状况,稻秸覆盖处理的0~40cm土层中,土壤动物个体总数是对照处理的1.87倍。因此,稻秸覆盖值得在有机茶园中大力推广。  相似文献   

6.
灌溉量对冬小麦产量和土壤硝态氮含量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
研究了池栽条件下灌溉量对冬小麦籽粒产量和土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,灌溉增加了籽粒产量,显著提高蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量。试验还表明:灌溉处理0~80cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量显著低于对照,而在80~200cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量显著高于对照。在成熟期,两次灌溉总量为180m(m每次灌90mm)的处理W6硝态氮含量在160~200cm显著高于其他处理,向深层运移幅度最大。本试验中,两次灌溉总量为90m(m每次灌45mm)的处理W3的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量和收获指数均较高,且土壤硝态氮损失少,为最佳灌溉量。  相似文献   

7.
紫色土分布区域降雨集中、土壤养分淋失严重,导致土壤肥力下降、根区养分供应不足、根系发育不良等问题,提升土壤养分的供应强度有利于优化根系空间分布格局和促进根系生长。将原料肥和有机物料混匀后,利用1400 kg/cm2的强大压力将其压制成砖肥(BF),同时,设置原料肥和有机物料物理混合(CK)为对照。于关键生育期测定垄向截面不同土层深度和离烟株不同远近距离的格点位置的土壤电导率(EC)、不同直径的根系组成和根系生物量,采用Logistic模型、指数模型拟合根系空间分布关键参数和生物量累积关键参数,研究砖肥对烤烟根区电导率及根系生长的影响。结果表明:在烤烟根系主要分布区,即主根系半径12.5 cm处,深度2.5~12.5 cm的土壤剖面,BF处理的EC比CK高90.5~281.6 μS/cm;主根系半径17.5 cm处,深度2.5~17.5 cm的土壤剖面,BF的EC比CK高160.1~392.2 μS/cm。在主根系15~20 cm水平半径内,BF的根系重量比CK提高150%;分布在10~15 cm深度土层的根系重量提高了26.5%,并且土壤剖面10~20 cm之间的侧根伸展性更强、分布更广。移栽后75、90和105 d,BF的田间根系生物量分别比CK提高12.7、11.9和9.7 g/株,烟叶生物量分别比CK高24.5、13.6和17.1 g/株,根系和烟叶生物量最大累积速率分别比CK提高了43.5%和15.7%。对于淋失严重的土壤,施用砖肥可以提高养分供应强度、优化根系分布格局和促进烤烟生长发育。  相似文献   

8.
以二年生“春雪”桃为试材,应用15N同位素示踪技术,探讨不同灌溉和施肥方式对土壤水分和电导率状况以及桃根系生长的影响.结果表明:滴灌处理桃树根系主要分布层(10-30 cm)土壤水分相对稳定,其土壤体积含水量的变化范围为30.02%~36.73%,而漫灌条件下土壤体积含水量变化范围为22.32%~31.01%;与漫灌+肥料树盘撒施(F+S)对照相比,滴灌+肥料缓释袋控(T+D)、滴灌+树盘撒施(T+S)和漫灌+肥料缓释袋控(F+D)处理0-10 cm土层电导率平均值分别提高43.87%,41.08%和4.50%,10-30 cm土层电导率分别提高22.66%,25.42%和1.00%;与F+S对照相比,T+D、T+S和F+D处理桃树根系中细根(直径<2 mm)的比例分别提高67.81%,51.91%和18.17%;T+D、T+S、F+D与F+S处理植株氮素吸收利用率分别为33.58%,29.26%,18.97%和14.07%,其中T+D处理促进植株生长的效果最显著.  相似文献   

9.
试验以未进行秸秆还田(H0,对照)、连续3年秸秆还田(H3,2007—2010年)、连续6年秸秆还田(H6,2005—2010年)及连续9年秸秆还田(H9,2002—2010年)的连作玉米农田为对象,通过测定土壤理化性状及玉米根系发育和地上产量性状的变化,探索不同秸秆还田年限对不同层次土壤改良效应及作物生长响应机理。结果表明:随着玉米全量秸秆连续还田,耕层0~30 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量大幅增加,速效氮、速效钾显著增加,而速效磷养分变化幅度较小,表明秸秆还田能够有效改善土壤养分状况;20~50 cm土层土壤容重随着秸秆还田年限增加较对照显著下降,表现H9相似文献   

10.
氮肥施用量对高产甜菜纤维根系分布及活力的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解施N肥对甜菜生长的影响规律。在田间条件下,研究了不同施N量(0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm2)对甜菜(KWS2409)纤维根系生长、分布和活力变化的影响。结果表明,施N比对照增加浅层侧根数、外层和深层纤维根干重及100 cm土层纤维根总干重,并提高各生育期侧根和主根活力。其中,100 cm土层最大纤维根干重施N 比对照增加了60.4%~168.4%,最大侧根数增加了22.7%~75.1%,且以0—20 cm和40—60 cm深的外土层及80—100 cm深的内土层纤维根系增加较大,分别比对照增加了129.6%~266.8%、71.0%~234.0%和101.5%~202.8%。主根伤流液量和侧根的活力分别比对照增加了56.2%~89.9%、23.7%~63.4%。N 180 kg/hm2处理0—100 cm土层中纤维根总量、各土层中根量最大,各生育时期主根和侧根活力最强,块根产量(82609.63 kg/hm2)和产糖量(13892.64 kg/hm2)均最高,而含糖率(16.83%)较N0处理(18.34%)略降。说明合理施N量有利于甜菜纤维根系生长和提高产糖量。  相似文献   

11.
土壤含水率与土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响   总被引:11,自引:11,他引:11  
土壤含水率和土壤碱度是表征土壤物理化学性质的两个重要参数。通过室内三轴不固结不排水试验,研究了土壤含水率和土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响。试验处理采用5种土壤碱度(土壤可交换钠百分比ESP=0、5、10、20、40)和4种土壤质量含水率(0.05、0.10、0.20以及饱和含水率0.34)水平。试验结果显示,土壤黏聚力随着土壤含水率的增加基本上呈先增大后减小之趋势;当土壤含水率在0.10附近时黏聚力达到其最大值。土壤内摩擦角随着土壤含水率的增加而线性减小。土壤碱度对土壤黏聚力的影响机理较为复杂,其影响效果随土壤含水率的增加而减小;但土壤碱度对土壤内摩擦角的影响较小。土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响程度明显地小于土壤含水率对其的影响程度。  相似文献   

12.
自然侵蚀量和容许土壤流失量与水土流失治理标准   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
在总结分析国内有关自然侵蚀量、容许土壤流失量研究成果的基础上,探讨自然侵蚀量与容许土壤流失量的关系,讨论制订水土流失治理标准的思路。认为水土流失治理标准的确定有3个参考值:1)标准值,即一定条件下的容许土壤流失量,是水土流失治理至少要达到的目标,且随着对不同土地利用类型的功能需求与可实施的最佳水土保持措施、以及所在水土流失类型区的侵蚀危害与治理约束条件的不同而不同;2)理想值,即正常自然侵蚀状态下的土壤流失量;3)极端值,即土壤流失量为0,不发生水土流失。水土流失治理应是先控制到现时生态环境与社会经济条件下的容许土壤流失量范围内,逐步达到自然正常侵蚀量或制止水土流失的发生;还应引入环境伦理、环境美学及景观设计等理念,最终实现土地的可持续利用、区域生态系统的健康稳定及人与自然的和谐友好发展。  相似文献   

13.
The results of studies of thermal water transfer and the functional analysis of nonisothermal soil water exchange (summarizing the current concepts of its physical nature, value, relations to soil properties, contribution to heat conductivity, and use for determining other hydrophysical properties of soils) are presented without going into detail of the mathematical analysis.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Soil samples were obtained at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 0–9 inch depths from experimental plots receiving five tillage treatments. Each of two samplers composited approximately six one‐inch cores from each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for acidity, P and K using routine analysis procedures in the University of Illinois Soil Testing Laboratory.

Few significant differences were attributed to sampler and it was concluded that samplers using similar sampling techniques were obtaining soil samples from the same population.

No significant differences in soil acidity at different depths were observed. The different tillage methods did significantly affect soil P at the 0–3 inch depth, but had no significant effect on soil P at deeper depths. Different tillage methods also significantly affected soil K values at different depths.  相似文献   

15.
Theoretical bases are offered for the ecological soil standardization presuming the scientific substantiating of the allowable ecological state (quality) of the soil and the allowable anthropogenic impact on it. The modern experience of these bases’ application in regulatory-methodological, nature-control, and managerial practices is presented. The criteria are found for determining the levels of the allowable ecological quality of soil and the anthropogenic impact on it. The sources of the anthropogenic impact on the soil are characterized. A unified system of indices of soil quality and anthropogenic impacts and a mechanism for determining the range of the allowable values of these parameters have been developed taking into account the natural conditions and types of land use. Scientific-methodological approaches are proposed that support a certain balance between the allowable ecological status of the soil and the effects on it in connection with the mechanisms of the soil quality control in particular land plots.  相似文献   

16.
黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响及其评价   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
刘慧  魏永霞 《农业工程学报》2014,30(20):288-296
为了研究黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响,采用盆栽试验,人为剥离黑土表层0、5、10、15、20、25和30 cm土壤以模拟侵蚀厚度不同的耕层土壤,分析土壤侵蚀厚度对土壤理化性质、大豆生物性状和水分利用效率等指标的影响。并对TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)模型进行改进,用于评价侵蚀厚度不同的土壤的土地生产力。结果表明:土壤全N、碱解N、全P、速效P、有机质含量和土壤田间持水率均随侵蚀厚度的增加而递减,土壤容重随侵蚀厚度的增加而递增。土壤侵蚀厚度对大豆生长有显著影响,随着侵蚀厚度的增加,大豆减产率呈"S型"曲线递增,产量、耗水量呈"Z型"曲线递减,水分利用效率呈指数曲线关系递减。改进的TOPSIS模型对不同侵蚀厚度下土地生产力的评价结果较为理想,计算的土地生产力指数随土壤侵蚀厚度的变化呈"Z型"曲线,与大豆产量的变化趋势相同,且二者呈指数函数关系,决定系数达0.996,均方根误差为0.65。研究结果可为黑土区土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。  相似文献   

17.
18.
Microbial activity is affected by changes in the availability of soil moisture. We examined the relationship between microbial activity and water potential in a silt loam soil during four successive drying and rewetting cycles. Microbial activity was inferred from the rate of CO2 accumulating in a sealed flask containing the soil sample and the CO2 respired was measured using gas chromatography. Thermocouple hygrometry was used to monitor the water potential by burying a thermocouple in the soil sample in the flask. Initial treatment by drying on pressure plates brought samples of the test soil to six different water potentials in the range -0.005 to -1.5MPa. Water potential and soil respiration were simultaneously measured while these six soil samples slowly dried by evaporation and were remoistened four times. The results were consistent with a log-linear relationship between water potential and microbial activity as long as activity was not limited by substrate availability. This relationship appeared to hold for the range of water potentials from ?0.01 to ?8.5 MPa. Even at ?0.01 MPa (wet soil) a decrease in water potential from ?0.01 to ?0.02 MPa caused a 10% decrease in microbial activity. Rewetting the soil caused a large and rapid increase in the respiration rate. There was up to a 40-fold increase in microbial activity for a short period when the change in water potential following rewetting was greater than 5 MPa. Differences in microbial activity between the wetter and drier soil treatments following rewetting to the original water potentials are discussed in terms of the availability of energy substrate.  相似文献   

19.
The interaction of soil microbes with their physical environment affects their abilities to respire, grow and divide. One of these environmental factors is the amount of moisture in the soil. The work we published almost 25 years ago showed that microbial respiration was linearly related to soil-water content and log-linearly related to water potential. The paper arose out of collaboration between two young researchers from different areas of soil science, physics and microbiology. The project was driven by not only our curiosity but also the freedom to operate without the constraints common to the current system of science management. The citation history shows three peaks, 1989, 1999 and from 2002 to the present day. Interestingly, the annual citation rate is as high as it has ever been. The initial peak is due to the application of the work to studies on microbial processes. The second peak is associated with the rise of simulation modelling and the third with the relevance of the findings to climate change research. In this article, our paper is re-evaluated in the light of subsequent studies that allow the principle of separation of variables to be tested. This re-evaluation lends further credence to the linear relationship proposed between soil respiration and water content. A scaled relationship for respiration and water content is presented. Lastly, further research is suggested and more recent work on the physics of gas transport discussed briefly.  相似文献   

20.
熏蒸处理对土壤微生物及硝化作用的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在田间条件下用溴甲烷(68.1g/m2)、威百亩(7.5mL/m2)进行土壤熏蒸,调查两种药剂对土壤微生物及硝化作用的影响。结果表明:两种熏蒸剂对土壤放线菌无抑制作用,对细菌总量影响较小,但亚硝酸细菌受到强烈抑制,土壤的硝化作用受到明显影响;同时,土壤中真菌的数量及种类变化显著。熏蒸后9周,处理区土壤中的微生物基本恢复正常。  相似文献   

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