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研究了温室盆载条件下进行柠檬酸单施或与枸溶、难溶性磷肥配合施用的不同试验处理对不同磷效率基因型小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明,柠檬酸与枸溶性磷肥（沉淀磷肥,即ＣａＨＰＯ４）配合施用的增产效率显著。在相应用量下可使磷高效基因型小麦“洛夫林”平均增产９４％,磷低效“８０－５５”增产８３．１％;单施柠以使“洛夫林”与“８０－５５”平均增产６３．３％和２８．８％,表现出小麦基因型间磷效率明显差异。但磷矿粉单 相似文献
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磷矿粉超微细化对磷有效性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
以含P2O528.97%的同一胶磷矿制备的3种细度磷矿粉为供试材料.采用2%柠檬酸连续浸提的方法,研究了细度和厩肥发酵对磷矿粉释磷效果的影响.结果发现,连续3次浸提的枸溶性磷,细化磷矿粉PR2(400目)和细化磷矿粉PR3(800目)均较普通磷矿粉PR1(100目)提高,达显著水平(p>0.05),细度高的磷矿粉释磷快;磷矿粉与牛粪1:2混合发酵3周后,PR1、PR2、PR3的枸溶性磷含量分别达到发酵前的1.42倍、1.65倍和1.56倍,发酵后PR3的枸溶性磷含量达到未发酵普通磷矿粉PR1的2倍,显示了两种技术结合的累加效应;增加厩肥比例对等质量的磷矿粉活化效果好. 相似文献
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活化钙镁磷肥对不同磷效率基因型冬小麦生长及磷效率的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
用土培方法研究了两种磷肥 (枸溶性钙镁磷肥CMP和水溶性磷肥过磷酸钙SSP)和两种非水溶性磷肥活化剂(无机矿物活化剂IA和有机活化剂OA)在石灰性土壤中对不同磷效率小麦苗期生长和基因型差异以及磷效率的影响。结果表明 ,SSP和CMP对不同磷效率基因型小麦生长的影响无显著差异 ,但对植株磷效率的影响效果明显不同。SSP可提高植株的磷吸收效率 ,CMP对提高植株的磷利用效率更有效。不同磷效率小麦生长的基因型差异在所有磷肥处理中均表现 ,但在CMP处理中的差异最大 ,不同溶解性磷肥品种可作为小麦磷效率基因型的鉴定材料。两种非水溶性磷肥活化剂对钙镁磷肥均有效 ,但作用大小和方向因小麦基因型不同而异 ,OA有利于磷高效基因型小麦的生长 ,IA对磷低效基因型小麦的生长则更加有利 ,其效果甚至超过水溶性磷肥。经IA处理的CMP能明显提高小麦植株的磷含量和吸磷量 ,并能显著增加土壤的有效磷含量 相似文献
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采用温室盆栽试验研究了３个不同磷（Ｐ）效率小麦品种（品系）对水溶性、枸溶性和难溶性３种Ｐ肥的相对肥效。结果表明,施用各种Ｐ肥均有效增加小麦分蘖数,促进小麦生长发育和提高产量,但Ｐ肥类型以及小麦品种间表现出较大差异,相同施Ｐ量条件下,重过磷酸钙的肥效最高,其次是钙镁磷肥,而磷矿粉也表现出一定的增产效果,钙镁磷肥表现出对小麦品种间的差异最大,如施用钙镁磷肥３个品种的平均产量为１５．８２ｇ／盆,其中“洛 相似文献
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垃圾堆肥对难溶性磷转化及土壤磷素吸附特性影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在城市生活垃圾进行工厂化堆肥过程中,加入难溶性磷矿粉,探讨堆肥对难溶性磷的转化能力及堆肥产品培肥后对土壤磷素吸附特性的影响。结果表明,加入磷矿粉可使堆肥中活性有机磷、中等活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及速效磷含量均有不同程度的提高,与对照相比分别增加212.69%、80.36%、61.21%、62.74%、157.89%。通过电镜观察表明,堆肥后磷矿粉典型的矿物特征消失,表面呈蜂窝状。将堆肥后的产品进行培肥试验表明,富磷垃圾肥处理可明显改善土壤磷素的吸附特性,与施化肥相比,最大吸附量(Qm)下降8.76%,最大缓冲容量(Qm·K)下降13.58%,而磷素的吸附饱和度(DPS)、零净吸附浓度磷(EPC0)则呈不同程度的增加,幅度依次为98.52%、7.13%。试验结果显示,通过堆肥生产富磷垃圾肥可为解决中国磷素资源缺乏、化学磷肥利用率低等问题提供一条生物学途径。 相似文献
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选用天然风化煤和pH 3.63的酒厂废弃物酒糟、MV菌剂为活化剂,与PB、PC微晶化磷矿粉在30℃下发酵研究对枸溶性磷的活化效果。结果表明,MV菌剂促进微晶磷矿粉有效P的溶解,且磷矿粉变细解磷效果增强;酒糟、风化煤促进微晶磷矿粉有效磷的溶解;MV菌条件下的酒糟、风化煤有利于微晶磷矿粉的活化,有效磷含量在25d达最高;酒糟对微晶磷矿粉的活化效应2∶1〉1∶1,25d枸溶性磷J6、J8、J2和J4分别比对照J净增长了1.63%,1.42%,1.32%及1.22%;MV菌条件下风化煤参与的发酵,25d处理F6、F8、F4和F2枸溶性磷分别比对照F增长了2.15%,2.13%,1.82%和1.77%。 相似文献
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石灰性土壤磷矿粉直接施用的效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过小区和大田试验 ,研究石灰性土壤上几种磷矿粉对油菜的肥效 .结果表明 ,几种磷矿粉对油菜的增产效果都很显著 ,油菜对磷矿粉利用能力强和土壤供磷水平低是增产的主要原因 ,磷矿粉的相对肥效以摩洛哥最高 ,次为荆襄 ,再次为开阳 ,锦屏最差 .肥效高低与磷矿粉中枸溶性磷的含量密切相关 相似文献
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施磷量与小麦产量的关系及其对土壤、气候因素的响应 总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4
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磷-铅-柠檬酸在红壤胶体上相互作用机理初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以红壤胶体为对象,通过等温平衡试验,研究了柠檬酸对红壤胶体吸附磷的影响,以及吸附磷和柠檬酸后弃去上清液(次级吸附)和保留上清液(共吸附)两种方式对红壤胶体固定铅的影响。结果表明,柠檬酸对红壤胶体磷吸附产生抑制作用,且随着柠檬酸浓度增加而抑制作用增强;用Langmuir方程拟合时,红壤胶体对磷的吸附反应常数K、最大吸附量X m均随柠檬酸初始浓度增加而降低。吸附磷和柠檬酸后,两种处理方式对铅的固定量影响有明显差异,总体上,次级吸附试验中铅的固定量低于共吸附;且两种方式中铅的固定量均随磷初始浓度及磷吸附量的增加而增加,随柠檬酸浓度升高而降低。共吸附中铅固定量在柠檬酸初始浓度为0.1 mmol L-1和磷初始浓度小于0.4 mmol L-1时达到较高值,说明在此浓度下磷和柠檬酸的共同存在促进了红壤胶体对铅的固定。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):491-496
Abstract The aim of this study was to compare 1% citric acid and 1% bicarbonate solutions as extracts for the determination of phosphorus in sandy arid‐zone soils, using 64 samples from the Kalahari dunefield. For 56 of these samples, measured phosphorus concentrations were <8 ppm in both extracts, and for these 56 samples the acid‐extractable and bicarbonate‐extractable phosphorus concentrations were statistically equivalent. For the remaining 8 samples, with phosphorus concentrations >8 ppm in at least one of the extracts, phosphorus concentrations in citric acid extracts were consistently greater than those in bicarbonate extracts. 相似文献
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采用间歇法(batch method)模拟研究醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲体系中柠檬酸对高岭石的溶解特征。结果表明:反应液中Al、Si浓度随柠檬酸浓度提高、反应液pH降低及反应时间的推移而增加;且低浓度柠檬酸(1mmol L-1)时,随着酸度的升高,配体促进溶解速率(RL)减小;高浓度柠檬酸(≥5mmol L-1)时,随着酸度的升高,配体促进溶解速率(RL)增加,但增幅随pH的降低而大幅减弱;且随着酸度的升高,配体对高岭石溶解的贡献相对减弱,但相对于质子,本试验柠檬酸浓度及酸度范围内,其对高岭石溶解的贡献仍是主要的。 相似文献
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有机酸在岩石矿物溶蚀风化及土壤形成的过程中具有较强的促进作用，了解柠檬酸对珊瑚砂的溶蚀过程对我国岛礁建设具有重要意义。本文通过不同浓度、不同pH柠檬酸溶液对珊瑚砂的溶蚀实验，研究柠檬酸对珊瑚砂的溶蚀过程，探讨其溶蚀机理。结果表明，在不同浓度柠檬酸溶液中，反应初期珊瑚砂中的Ca2+、Mg2+迅速溶出，随后大量的Ca2+与柠檬酸反应生成柠檬酸钙沉淀。平衡时溶液中Ca2+、Mg2+浓度随着柠檬酸浓度的增加而增加。在不同初始pH柠檬酸溶液中，当pH<7时，溶液中Ca2+、Mg2+的浓度随着初始pH的升高而降低，Ca2+、Mg2+主要由碳酸盐矿物与H+反应而溶出。当初始pH≥7时，Ca2+、Mg2+与柠檬酸生成络合物促进Ca2+、Mg2+的溶出，随着pH的升高，Ca2+、Mg2+浓度略有降低。珊瑚砂的溶蚀与柠檬酸钙的沉淀结晶主要受pH控制。通过XRD和SEM的分析表明，高浓度柠檬酸与珊瑚砂反应生成片状的柠檬酸钙沉淀，且饱和溶液中柠檬酸与钙离子的结晶生成平整规则的条状四水合柠檬酸钙沉淀。珊瑚砂溶蚀过程中镁方解石最先发生溶蚀，其次为文石，最后为方解石。 相似文献
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Rivas B Torrado A Torre P Converti A Domínguez JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(7):2380-2387
The citrus-processing industry generates in the Mediterranean area huge amounts of orange peel as a byproduct from the industrial extraction of citrus juices. To reduce its environmental impact as well as to provide an extra profit, this residue was investigated in this study as an alternative substrate for the fermentative production of citric acid. Orange peel contained 16.9% soluble sugars, 9.21% cellulose, 10.5% hemicellulose, and 42.5% pectin as the most important components. To get solutions rich in soluble and starchy sugars to be used as a carbon source for citric acid fermentation, this raw material was submitted to autohydrolysis, a process that does not make use of any acidic catalyst. Liquors obtained by this process under optimum conditions (temperature of 130 degrees C and a liquid/solid ratio of 8.0 g/g) contained 38.2 g/L free sugars (8.3 g/L sucrose, 13.7 g/L glucose, and 16.2 g/L fructose) and significant amounts of metals, particularly Mg, Ca, Zn, and K. Without additional nutrients, these liquors were employed for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger CECT 2090 (ATCC 9142, NRRL 599). Addition of calcium carbonate enhanced citric acid production because it prevented progressive acidification of the medium. Moreover, the influence of methanol addition on citric acid formation was investigated. Under the best conditions (40 mL of methanol/kg of medium), an effective conversion of sugars into citric acid was ensured (maximum citric acid concentration of 9.2 g/L, volumetric productivity of 0.128 g/(L.h), and yield of product on consumed sugars of 0.53 g/g), hence demonstrating the potential of orange peel wastes as an alternative raw material for citric acid fermentation. 相似文献
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饲料中添加柠檬酸对罗非鱼的养殖效果分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为考察在饲料中添加柠檬酸对罗非鱼生长的影响，采用300尾平均体重为10．3g的全雄奥尼罗非鱼鱼种，在基础饲料（对照组）中分别添加0．15％、0．30％、0．45％柠檬酸。经37d饲养后，各组增重率分别为152．4％、158．5％、171．5％和170．9％，饲料系数为1．58％、1．49、1．45和1．46，添加0．30％柠檬酸和0．45％柠檬酸分别提高罗非鱼增重率12．5％（P＜0．05）和11．2％（P＜0．05），降低了饲料系数，每公斤鱼体增重成本分别下降0．27元和0．22元。回归分析结果表明，柠檬酸的适宜添加水平为0．28％－0．34％。 相似文献
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柠檬酸对三种人工合成氧化铁磷吸附特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验采用了3种人工合成的氧化铁为材料,研究了氧化铁对磷的吸附以及柠檬酸对氧化铁磷吸附特性的影响。结果表明:3种人工合成的氧化铁对磷的吸附特性及柠檬酸对氧化铁吸附磷的影响都可用Langumir方程来描述,都达到了极显著水平。从磷的最大吸附量(Sm)、吸附反应常数(K)和最大缓冲容量(MBC)来看,未加入柠檬酸时,水铁矿对磷的吸附在容量和强度方面均为最高;而在加入柠檬酸时,3种人工合成的氧化铁对磷的吸附能力的顺序并无差别,水铁矿和针铁矿的磷Sm和MBC要比赤铁矿大很多。 相似文献
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Hirashima M Takahashi R Nishinari K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(10):2929-2933
The effects of citric acid on the rheological properties of cornstarch pastes were studied by steady shear and dynamic oscillatory viscoelasticity, intrinsic viscosity measurements and microscopic observation. The pH of cornstarch dispersion was adjusted between 6.0 and 3.0. The viscosity of the pastes was increased by lowering the pH (between 5.5 and 3.6), while the viscosity of samples with pH below 3.5 decreased further than that of the control (pH = 6.3). Citric acid promoted the collapse of starch granules; however, adding excessive citric acid led to the hydrolysis of glucose chains. No decrease in the viscoelasticity was observed for cornstarch pastes by adding acid at 25 degrees C after gelatinization. 相似文献
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E. Oburger D. Leitner D. L. Jones K. C. Zygalakis A. Schnepf T. Roose 《European Journal of Soil Science》2011,62(5):733-742
The functional role of organic acid anions in soil has been intensively investigated, with special focus on (i) microbial respiration and soil carbon dynamics, (ii) nutrient solubilization or (iii) metal detoxification and reduction of plant metal uptake. Little is known about the interaction dynamics of organic acid anions with the soil matrix and the potential impact of adsorption and desorption processes on the functional significance of these effects. The aim of this study was to characterize experimentally the adsorption and desorption dynamics of organic acid anions in five agricultural soils differing in iron and aluminium oxide contents and using citrate as a model carboxylate. Results showed that both adsorption and desorption processes were fast in all soils, reaching a steady state within approximately 1 hour. However, for a given total soil citrate concentration (ct) the steady state was critically dependent on the starting conditions of the experiment, whether most of the citrate was initially present in solution (cl) or held on the solid phase (cs). Specifically, desorption‐led processes resulted in significantly smaller steady‐state solution concentrations than adsorption‐led processes, indicating that hysteresis occurred. As it is not possible to distinguish between different adsorption and desorption pools in soil experimentally, a new dynamic hysteresis model that relies only on measured soil solution concentrations was developed. The model satisfactorily explained experimental data and was able to predict dynamic adsorption and desorption behaviour. To demonstrate its use, we applied the model to two relevant situations involving exudation and microbial degradation. The study highlighted the complex nature of citrate adsorption and desorption dynamics in soil. We conclude that existing models need to incorporate both temporal and hysteresis components to describe realistically the role and fate of organic acids in soil processes. 相似文献