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1.
为探讨外源一氧化氮对温室牡丹花瓣挥发性成分的影响,在花苞期用0.2 mmol·L-1的外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)喷施整株叶片,根据固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定了牡丹花瓣的挥发性成分。在温室牡丹和SNP处理后的不同花期共检测到62种挥发性成分,分属烷烃类、萜烯类、芳香烃类、醇类、酯类、酮类和杂环类物质,以烷烃类和萜烯类种类多、含量高,不同花期以盛花期种类最多。外源NO减少了牡丹各花期花瓣的烷烃类、醇类和前期的芳香烃类物质,对萜烯类和酮类的影响不大,未检测到酯类;盛花期烷烃类含量增加、萜烯类含量有所降低,醇类和初花期的芳香烃类含量明显降低。因此,外源NO影响了温室牡丹不同花期花瓣挥发性成分的种类及含量,对盛花期的影响最大,其次是初花期,对末花期影响最小。本研究为牡丹鲜花的开发利用提供一定理论依据。 相似文献
2.
高湿度贮藏环境保持香梨表皮蜡质延缓衰老进程 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了探讨相对湿度对库尔勒香梨表皮蜡质的影响及与耐贮性的关系,该文设置3个不同相对湿度(25℃,40%~45%、60%~65%和80%~85%),研究不同湿度贮藏下香梨表皮蜡质含量和化学组分的变化及与贮藏品质的相关性。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)对不同湿度贮藏香梨表皮蜡质的化学组分进行比较分析,同时测定好果率、失重率、表观色泽、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度等贮藏品质参数,最后对蜡质含量、化学组分及贮藏参数做相关性分析。结果表明:对照组(相对湿度40%~45%)和处理组的蜡质均由烷烃、烯烃、脂肪酸、醇类、醛类、酯类和萜类组成,但所含具体物质种类和含量略有差异。不同湿度贮藏条件对蜡质含量和各化学组分均有影响,与对照组相比,相对湿度80%~85%贮藏可显著保持蜡质含量、烷烃和醛类物质,延缓脂肪酸和醇类物质增加(P<0.05)。蜡质化学组分及采后衰老之间存在密切相关性,各蜡质组分中,酯类和萜类物质对贮藏品质影响最大,其次是烷烃和醇类物质,其中:酯类物质与失重率、硬度和好果率极显著相关(P<0.01);萜类物质与失重率和好果率极显著相关(P<0.01);烷烃物质与失重率极显著相关(P<0.01)。总体来看,在贮藏过程中,高湿度贮藏环境通过保持表皮蜡质含量和化学组分延缓香梨衰老进程,维持稳定的蜡质化学组成对采后香梨贮藏品质的保持具有正向作用。 相似文献
3.
日光温室不同时段补光对番茄果实品质及挥发性物质影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为探明日光温室中提高番茄产量和品质的最佳补光时段,以"粉太郎"番茄为试材,从植株定植后第25天到第一穗果完全成熟时进行补光,利用LED灯设置3种补光时段:揭帘前补光5 h(T1)、盖帘后补光5 h(T2)、揭帘前盖帘后分别补光2.5h(T3),以不补光作为对照(CK),研究其对番茄产量、果实品质以及挥发性物质成分和含量的影响。结果表明:补光处理可提高番茄平均单株产量、果实可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、挥发性物质总数量和总质量分数,但会降低有机酸含量,T1处理效果最显著(P<0.05)。4个处理共检测出83种挥发性物质,包括12种酮类、22种醛类、22种醇类、6种酯类、6种烃类和15种其他类物质。各处理挥发性物质总数量和总质量分数由大到小为:T1(68种,3 107.98μg/kg)、T3(65种,2 610.74μg/kg)、T2(63种,2 438.96μg/kg)、CK(59种,2 086.03μg/kg)。每个处理醇类含量最多,烃类含量最低,并且含量最高的物质均是顺-3-己烯-1-醇。3种补光处理均可提高酮类、醛类、醇类和其他类物质含量,但显著降低烃类物质含量(P<0.05),酯类物质含量只在T1处理时有所提高。所有被检测出的挥发性物质包含11种番茄特征香气成分,主要分为花香、果香与青香3种类型,其中青香味物质含量最多。综上,对番茄进行补光尤其是揭帘前补光5 h可有效提高番茄产量、果实品质和风味,是当地日光温室越冬茬番茄栽培的较优补光时段。研究结果可为设施番茄种植的光环境调控技术提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
《南方农业》2021,(10)
为了研究猕猴桃感染溃疡病后枝条挥发物的组分特征,给探索猕猴桃溃疡病的病理和抗性机制提供参考,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术鉴定健康枝条和感病枝条挥发物的化学成分,采用离子流峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对含量。结果:从猕猴桃健康和感病枝条的挥发物中分别鉴定出73和67个挥发性化合物,合计81种成分,二者相同组分59个,包括烷烃类、烯烃类、醇类、酚类、醛类、酮类、苯环类化合物、杂环类化合物、呋喃类和含氮化合物,其中烷烃类化合物和苯环类化合物为猕猴桃枝条的主要成分。进一步比较发现,感病枝条中含有2-乙基甲苯、2,3,5,6-四甲基苯酚等8种特有物质,且4-乙基甲苯、十八烷等物质比健康枝条含量明显降低。 相似文献
5.
不同原料好氧发酵产生的臭气物质组分和浓度存在差异。以牛粪和玉米秸秆为原料研究好氧发酵过程挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compound，VOCs）的产排特征及主要致臭物质，开展牛粪好氧发酵试验，采用气相色谱-质谱法分析测定发酵升温期、高温期、降温期及腐熟期等不同发酵阶段的VOCs组分和浓度，硼酸溶液吸收，盐酸滴定法测定NH3，便携式检测器（Tion NH3-H2S 300 G）测定H2S，3点比较式臭袋法测定不同发酵阶段臭气浓度。结果表明，牛粪好氧发酵过程中共检出31种VOCs，其中含硫化合物42种，醇类1种，酯类1种，酮类1种，卤代烃4种，苯系物9种，烷烃类8种，烯烃3种；在好氧发酵高温期臭气浓度最高为724（无量纲），VOCs产生与排放主要在高温期。基于恶臭污染排放标准和恶臭物质气味活度值，并结合各物质检出率、GS-MS图谱及相关性分析，发现NH3、H2S、甲硫醚是牛粪好氧发酵过程的主要致臭物质；其次芳香族化合物对臭气浓度贡献也相对较大，应进行重点监测与控制。该研究可为牛粪好氧发酵过程臭气物质减控提供理论支撑。 相似文献
6.
北京门头沟采石场废弃地造林树种生长状况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿山废弃地生态恢复是环境建设的一项重要工作,为了探讨不同矿山废弃地植被恢复措施,作者对门头沟采石场不同植被恢复措施中实施6年后的乔木、灌木树种生长状况进行了调查,在建立树种适应性指数的基础上,对11种树种在门头沟采石场废弃地适应性进行了评价。结果表明：1）灌木类型适应性普遍高于乔木树种类型,各乔木、灌木适应性差异显著;2）乔木适应性表现为黄栌〉银杏〉油松〉火炬〉侧柏〉桧柏＋侧柏混交林〉杜仲〉国槐,灌木适应性表现为桃树〉丁香〉连翘。 相似文献
7.
电子束辐照对美国红鱼肉挥发性风味成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析电子束辐照剂量对美国红鱼肉挥发性风味物质的影响。本文采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术,分离鉴定不同剂量电子束辐照后红鱼肉的挥发性风味成分。结果表明:(1)辐照后红鱼肉风味有一定变化,感官评分随辐照剂量的增加而有所降低;(2)红鱼肉经1、3、5、7、9kGy剂量处理,检出的挥发性风味成分由36种分别增加到52、46、65、55、55种;挥发性成分中羰基化合物及醇类物质的相对含量最高;辐照后挥发性醇类、酯类、芳香类物质相对含量降低,高剂量辐照后醛酮类、含硫含氮类化合物相对含量普遍增加,是导致气味改变的主要因素。总之,美国红鱼肉经低于5kGy剂量辐照后能较好的保持其原有风味,高剂量电子束辐照会导致异味的产生。 相似文献
8.
南北中华绒螯蟹挥发性物质的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨南北两地中华绒螯蟹挥发性物质的差异,以江苏阳澄湖和辽宁盘锦的中华绒螯蟹为材料,采用电子鼻研究新鲜、100℃和150℃加热温度下的蟹肉挥发性物质,并利用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对挥发性物质的种类和含量进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,新鲜的南北中华绒螯蟹均检测出较高的醇类、醛类和碳氢类物质;经100、150℃加热后,相对含量较高的物质变成酯类和碳氢类物质。两地新鲜的中华绒螯蟹中均检测出1-戊烯-3-醇、三甲胺和柠檬烯等物质;经100℃加热后,2种蟹均检测出2-戊基呋喃;150℃加热后,阳澄湖蟹还能检测出高含量的柠檬烯。本研究结果对开发螃蟹风味食品具有指导意义。 相似文献
9.
10.
蔬菜废弃物与畜禽粪便联合好氧发酵挥发性有机物排放特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为研究蔬菜废弃物与畜禽粪便联合好氧发酵过程产生的挥发性有机物(volatile organic compound,VOCs)及主要致臭物质,开展了蔬菜废弃物与畜禽粪便联合好氧发酵试验,采用气相色谱-质谱法和三点比较式臭袋法分析了好氧发酵升温、高温和降温阶段产生的VOCs种类和浓度及臭气浓度。结果表明,蔬菜废弃物与畜禽粪便联合好氧发酵过程共检出34种VOCs,其中芳香烃类化合物11种、烷烃7种、含硫化合物4种、酮类4种、卤烃类化合物3种、醇类2种、酯类2种、醛类1种;发酵升温期臭气浓度最大,达72 443,而在降温期产生的VOCs种类最多为29;在联合好氧发酵过程中主要致臭物质为甲硫醚、二甲二硫醚、二硫化碳、NH3和H2S,羰基硫、乙醛和苯乙烯仅在高温期产生且浓度较高;根据嗅阈值比值大小与最大浓度,需重点监测和控制恶臭物质的顺序是二甲二硫醚H2SNH3甲硫醚。该研究结果为蔬菜废弃物与畜禽粪便联合好氧发酵过程中恶臭物质的监测和控制策略研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
铜对不同苹果砧木实生苗生长的影响差异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在网室采用盆栽的方法研究了当年生八棱海棠、平邑甜茶 (M .hupehensis Rehd .)、莱芜难咽及海棠果 4种苹果砧木实生苗在外源铜 0、75、15 0mg kg处理下对植株相对株高、胸径、生物量 ,细胞膜透性及根茎叶中的铜、钙、铁矿质元素含量等的影响。结果表明 ,海棠果比平邑甜茶、莱芜难咽和八棱海棠等 3种砧木实生苗具有较强的抗铜毒害能力。 相似文献
12.
Yoshio Aikawa Iwao Nagano Shunjiro Sakamoto Masaya Nishiyama Satoshi Matsumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):835-842
Scopelophila ligulata (Spruce) Spruce, S. cataractae (Mitt.) Broth., and Mielichhoferia japonica Besch. (Mielichhoferia mielichhoferi (Hook.) Wijk et Marg. var. japonica (Besch.) Wijk et Marg.) are well known “copper mossess” which show peculiar ecological characteristics consisting of a preference for metal-rich soils, lithosols, rocks, etc. as their substrates. The total and water-soluble element contents in the substrates and heavy metal contents in the moss body were analyzed in this study. The results of these chemical analyses were as follows: The iron contents in the moss body and substrate of S. ligulata were higher than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. On the contrary the copper contents of the former were lower than those of the latter. The pH values of substrate of S. ligulata were lower than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. The concentrations of water-soluble iron and sulfate in the substrate of S. ligulata were higher than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. On the contrary, the water-soluble copper concentrations in the substrate of S. ligulata were lower than those of the others. Although in the substrate of S. cataractae the iron content was several times higher than the copper content, in the moss body the copper content was higher than iron content. 相似文献
13.
暖季型草坪草对高温胁迫的生理响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella)与结缕草(Z.japonica)为材料, 测定了高温胁迫下两种暖季型草坪草叶片主要抗性生理指标的变化, 结果表明: 40 ℃高温处理下, 两种结缕草叶片渗透调节物质(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸)和ABA、GA3、IAA、MDA含量均显著增加, SOD、POD与CAT酶活性都显著增强; 两种结缕草叶片的Chla、Chlb、Car含量以及Chla/Chlb的比值则出现了不同程度的下降.高温下, 沟叶结缕草渗透调节物质的积累量和ABA、GA3、IAA含量的增加均高于结缕草, SOD和CAT活性的增强也大于结缕草, 表现出更强的耐热特性. 相似文献
14.
Woody plant species that produce high biomass have been proposed for use in phytoremediation technology. We investigated the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in Salix babylonica, S. caprea, S. dasyclados, S. matsudana × alba, S. purpurea, S. smithiana, Populus tremula, and P. nigra clones grown in a pot experiment on a Calcaric and a Eutric Cambisol (pH 7.2 and 6.4) of different levels of contamination (total metal concentrations in mg kg–1 in soil A: 32.7 Cd, 1760 Zn; soil B: 4.34 Cd, 220 Zn). Generally, the tested clones tolerated large metal concentrations in soils and had larger Cd and Zn concentrations in leaves compared to the roots. The largest Cd concentrations in leaves were found in two clones of S. smithiana (440 mg kg–1 on soil A; 70 mg kg–1 on soil B). One of the S. smithiana clones had also the largest Zn concentrations (870 mg kg–1) on soil B but accumulated slightly less Zn than a S. matsudana × alba clone (2430 mg kg–1) on soil A. The Cd concentrations in leaves of both S. smithiana clones on soil A are the largest ever reported for soil‐grown willows. The bioconcentration factors of the best performing clone reached 15.9 for Cd and 3.93 for Zn on the less contaminated soil B. Also based on the metal contents in leaves, this clone was identified as the most promising for phytoextraction. The metal concentrations in leaves observed in the pot experiment do not reflect those found in a previous hydroponic study and the leaf‐to‐root ratios are clearly underestimated in hydroponic conditions. This demonstrates the need for testing candidates for phytoextraction crops on soils rather than in hydroponics. Our data also show that the phytoextraction potential should be tested on different soils to avoid misleading conclusions. 相似文献
15.
Yoshimi Sakai Shin Ugawa Shigehiro Ishizuka Masamichi Takahashi Chisato Takenaka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):526-537
Estimating carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks in deadwood in forests nationwide is required for understanding large-scale C and N cycling. To do so requires estimated values of wood density and C and N concentrations. Additionally, parameters that show variation should be examined. In this study, we clarified the estimated values and the variation in three parameters in each decay class of each of two tree species and examined whether dead log diameter and region contribute to variation in the parameters. Data were collected from 73 Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. plantations and 66 Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantations throughout Japan. Wood densities decreased from 386 to 188?kg?m?3 for C. obtusa and from 334 to 188?kg?m?3 for C. japonica in decay classes 1–4. The variation in wood density increased with decay class, and the coefficient of variance increased from 13.9% to 46.4% for C. obtusa and from 15.2% to 48.1% for C. japonica. The N concentrations increased from 1.04 to 4.40?g?kg?1 for C. obtusa and from 1.11 to 2.97?g?kg?1 for C. japonica in decay classes 1–4. The variation in N concentration increased with decay class, and the coefficient of variance increased from 51.9% to 76.7% for C. obtusa and from 50.3% to 70.4% for C. japonica. Log diameter and region contributed to variations in wood density and N concentration in decay classes 1 and 2 for C. obtusa and C. japonica. However, no relationship was observed between regional climates and the two parameters. In contrast, C concentrations ranged from 507 to 535?g?kg?1 and were stable with much lower coefficients of variance throughout the decay classes for both tree species. Thus, we recommend that the same C concentration can be adapted for all decay classes of both tree species. 相似文献
16.
[目的]研究紫穗槐根系在不同含水率和不同融化时间对土体加固作用,为季冻区紫穗槐固土效应提供设计依据。[方法]以取自西宁市黄土为研究对象,用室内三轴试验方法研究紫穗槐根系根—土复合体的应力应变及强度特性,探讨在不同解冻时间和不同含水率下紫穗槐根—土复合体抗剪强度指标变化规律,并通过SEM电镜扫描试验从微观的角度评价紫穗槐根系的加固机理。[结果]紫穗槐根系在不同含水率时有不同的加筋情况,在低含水率和高含水率加筋作用更加明显;在冻融前后紫穗槐根系的加筋作用体现在当土体受到荷载作用时,紫穗槐根系会束缚土颗粒之间的移动,增大土颗粒之间的咬合以及增大根系和土颗粒之间的接触面,从而增大内摩擦角;通过电镜扫描试验可以看出,紫穗槐根系可以抑制土体中的裂隙产生与发展,从而增大土体的整体性。[结论]紫穗槐根系在不同地区均能起到加筋作用。不同含水率会存在不同的最佳含根量,紫穗槐根系的固土作用体现在增大土体的内摩擦角,增加土体的整体性。 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3-4):363-375
Abstract The study of plant diversity and its role in ecosystem functioning is becoming a central issue in ecology. The relationships between carbon storage and tree diversity of natural forest at small scale are still unclear. This research investigated these relationships in an old‐growth forest at Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. It was found that at small scale, tree carbon storage generally increases with increasing tree species richness, but for stands with same species richness, tree carbon storage varies dramatically. At the small scale, tree species evenness has a significantly linear relationship with nature logarithm of total tree carbon storage. The stand carbon storage of trees is mainly controlled by stand tree composition. Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis, and Acer mono contribute more than 85% of stand carbon storage of trees. Stands with similar tree composition at small scale have different soil organic carbon storage and nutrient contents. Tree species evenness has great impact on soil N content at the soil horizon less than 30 cm deep, but its impacts on C/N, P, K, and S contents are small. Tree density has a negative linear relationship with soil organic C and C∶N ratio at the soil horizon is less than 30 cm deep. The implication of our findings here for carbon sequestration in the Kyoto Protocol is also discussed. 相似文献
18.
Chun-Sheng Liu Bai-Ye Sun Shi-Hong Kan Yan-Zong Zhang Shi-Huai Deng Gang Yang 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1268-1277
A 190-d pot cultivation of three apple rootstock species, Malus hupehensis, M. prunifolia, and M. micromalus, was conducted to investigate tolerance, uptake and accumulation of copper (Cu) in different rootstock species. The calculated soil Cu concentration that reduced plant biomass by 50% decreased in M. hupehensis, M. prunifolia, and M. micromalus. This experiment showed that Cu tolerance of M. hupehensis was superior to the other rootstocks. Copper accumulation proportions in shoots or leaves of M. hupehensis were only 0.7–7.4%, which were the lowest among the three species in both control and Cu treatments, and especially were as low as only 40–50% of those of M. prunifolia. The results indicate that Cu-tolerant low-aboveground-Cu-accumulation rootstocks (i.e., excluder rootstocks) could be a good alternative to produce safe fruits with low Cu concentration on Cu-polluted soils without a complete ban on Cu fungicides. 相似文献
19.
在华北土石山区潮关西沟流域天然森林植被调查的基础上,对森林植被群落种间联结和生态位进行研究。结果表明:种间正联结关系非常显著的有柞栎和蒙椴、柞栎和迎红杜鹃、蒙椴和山杨、蒙椴和白蜡、山杨和白蜡、春榆和北京丁香、春榆和大花溲疏、臭椿和山杏、臭檀和栾树、臭檀和大花溲疏、锐齿鼠李和孩儿拳头、小叶鼠李和酸枣。另外,依据种间联结关系,划分了4个生态种组。分析了主要乔灌木的生态位宽度,乔木树种蒙椴、柞栎、春榆和灌木树种荆条、小叶朴和酸枣的生态位宽度均较大。比较了不同种对的生态位重叠指数,乔木不同种对中,山杏和北京丁香、柞栎和白蜡、蒙椴和春榆具有较大的生态位重叠,灌木不同种对组合中,荆条和酸枣、绣线菊和迎红杜鹃、荆条和小叶朴、蚂蚱腿子和迎红杜鹃的生态位重叠较大。 相似文献
20.
K. Mildenberger E. Beiderwieden Y.-J. Hsia O. Klemm 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(10):1730-1736
From the 4 August through 22 September 2006, the turbulent vertical fluxes of CO2 and water vapor were measured above a cypress tree (Chamaecyparis species) plantation within the subtropical mountain cloud forest range of NE Taiwan. The study site is characterized by a high frequency of orographic fog. During the day, humid air is transported uphill and causes condensation and fog as it cools. CO2 and water vapor fluxes were measured on two instrumented micrometeorological towers aligned along the valley axis. Despite the large reduction of solar radiation during foggy conditions by 64% as compared to clear situations, the reduction of the CO2 uptake is rather small at tower 1, for which Chamaecyparis is the dominating species within the footprint area. The Chamaecyparis species perform well under these extreme conditions of reduced light. A large section of the footprint area of tower 2 is vegetated with Cryptomeria japonica. CO2 flux comparison at both towers during foggy and non-foggy conditions, and direct tower-totower comparisons showed a significant difference statistically in the CO2 fluxes. While the photosynthesis rate of Chamaecyparis was hardly reduced during fog that of Cryptomeria japonica decreased strongly during foggy conditions. Cryptomeria japonica is less well adapted to the low light conditions. The net water vapor flux was dominated by evaporation of intercepted fog. Transpiration contributed only little to the water vapor flux during the 7-week experimental field study. 相似文献