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1.
非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates, NSC)对植物代谢、返青和再生等生命活动具有重要作用,其在植物体内的动态变化,可指导草地放牧、刈割及退化草地修复等草地管理实践。本研究于2015年7月–2016年9月以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原5种豆科植物[扁蓿豆(Mellissitus ruthenica)、斜茎黄芪(Astragalus adsurgens)、多叶棘豆(Oxytropis myriophylla)、山野豌豆(Vicia amoena)和狭叶野豌豆(V.sepium)]为研究对象,测定植物地上部、茎基部和根部的非结构性碳水化合物可溶性糖和还原糖含量,探讨年度、季节和物种对植物碳水化物合物的影响。结果显示,不同物种在不同年度间贮藏可溶性糖和还原糖含量差异较大,极度干旱条件下植物根部可溶性糖含量显著降低(P0.05)。2016年4–9月,山野豌豆地上部可溶性糖和还原糖含量分别为1.01%～7.04%和0.54%～6.73%,高于其他植物;狭叶野豌豆茎基部可溶性糖和还原糖含量大于其他植物,分别为1.12%～10.06%和0.52%～2.69%;多叶棘豆根部可溶性糖含量和狭叶野豌豆根部还原糖含量高于其他植物,分别为1.68%～7.62%和0.46%～2.98%。植物增加根部的贮藏碳水化合物,可提高耐牧性,呼伦贝尔草甸草原放牧期应在6月底至9月初,干旱年份利用草地时,应采取降低载畜率、延迟放牧及提前休牧等管理措施,8月收获干草有利于草地的可持续利用。 相似文献
2.
贮藏碳水化合物对牧草生命代谢、再生、返青及逆境的适应性等方面有重要作用。本研究于2015年7月—2016年9月,分析了呼伦贝尔草甸草原中羊草（Leymus chinensis）、无芒雀麦（Bromus inermis）和糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）3种植物碳水化合物含量的季节变化规律,探讨牧草生长对气候环境的适应性特点,以期为草地合理利用提供指导。研究结果表明：3种禾草碳水化合物含量随季节变化显著（P<0.05）,可溶性糖含量均在8月最高,羊草与无芒雀麦的还原糖和淀粉含量在6月最高,糙隐子草则在7月最高;糙隐子草的可溶性糖与淀粉含量显著小于羊草和无芒雀麦（P<0.05）,并主要分配在地上部分,羊草茎基部与根部的各碳水化合物含量显著小于无芒雀麦（P<0.05）;碳水化合物含量年际间差异较大,干旱年份草地植物根部碳水化合物贮藏水平偏低,该区域草地宜降低载畜率或提前休牧。 相似文献
3.
不同放牧强度下羊草草甸草原群落特征及多样性分析 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
研究放牧强度对群落植物多样性的影响对草原合理利用维持其群落稳定具有重要意义。通过不同放牧强度的比较试验,研究不同放牧强度下内蒙古呼伦贝尔温带草甸草原群落物种重要值的变化,并比较生产力和α
多样性指数的变化,分析生产力与多样性之间的关系,为制定合理的放牧率提供理论依据。结果表明:群落在中度放牧强度条件下能够维持较高的多样性;随着放牧强度的增加,伴生种二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifuica)成为次优势种;如果持续过度放牧,羊草(Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.)可能被二裂委陵菜和苔草(Carex siderosticta Hance)等杂类草代替,草场退化。 相似文献
4.
通过在新疆昭苏马场设置不同模拟放牧强度,研究了不同放牧强度下割草地鸭茅Dactylis glomerata叶片和根部可溶性糖含量的季节变化,结果显示:鸭茅叶片可溶性糖在打草前呈上升趋势,返青后叶片可溶性糖含量较高,进入抽穗期后其含量降低。生长季前期根的可溶性糖含量差异不大(P0.05),打草后其含量迅速变低,而后逐渐上升,9月下旬其含量减少。时间和放牧强度共同作用对鸭茅叶片和根部可溶性糖含量影响显著(P0.01)。结果表明不同放牧强度对鸭茅叶片和根部可溶性糖含量有一定的影响,由于时间和气候变化的原因,其变化没有呈现一定的规律。 相似文献
5.
2009年4月28日至9月底,在新疆伊犁昭苏马场鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)草地设置了4种不同利用方式的模拟试验,通过研究不同利用方式对鸭茅生物量和贮藏性营养物质含量(可溶性糖及淀粉)的影响,以期为更合理地利用天然割草场提供科学的依据。结果表明:随着时间的变化,鸭茅叶片可溶性糖先增高后降低,根部可溶性糖含量呈降低-升高-降低的变化;叶片淀粉含量平稳,根部淀粉含量变化规律为降低-升高-降低;利用方式显著影响鸭茅地下生物量,叶片、根部可溶性糖和根部淀粉含量(P<0.05),极显著影响鸭茅叶片淀粉含量(P<0.01);4种利用方式中,割草+秋季放牧利用下叶片可溶性糖与地上生物量呈极显著正相关关系,其余利用方式下叶片和根部可溶性糖及淀粉含量与地上、地下生物量相关性各不相同。 相似文献
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7.
干草原牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量变化规律的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
１９９３年在内蒙古正蓝旗于草原对１０种牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量的变化规律进行了研究。在植物生长期内，每１５天采样一次，分析牧草茎基部和根部的总糖和还原糖含量。试验结果表明，牧草在返青时都要消耗贮藏碳水化合物，分蘖后开始积累贮藏碳水化合物，在拔节和抽穗时又要消耗贮藏碳水化合物，开花、结实后又积累贮藏碳水化合物。但有的牧草出现相反的情况。根据牧草贮藏碳水化合物含量变化的规律，作者对合理利用草地提出了一些意见和建议。 相似文献
8.
牧草的再生性能是草地持续利用的基础,牧草贮藏的碳水化合物对牧草再生具有重要作用。本研究针对刈割强度对羊草(Leymus chinensis)和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)现存量、再生速度及不同部位碳水化合物的影响进行了分析研究,结果表明,羊草和无芒雀麦地上部现存量随留茬高度的降低呈降低趋势;第2次刈割后,羊草和无芒雀麦留茬4cm的再生速度均高于留茬8和12cm。刈割后无芒雀麦不同部位可溶性糖含量均在第2次刈割后16d上升,到秋季枯黄期降至最低值,且未恢复到刈割前水平。第2次刈割后16d,羊草茎基部还原糖含量可恢复到刈割前水平,而无芒雀麦茎基部还原糖含量降至刈割后最低值,到秋季枯黄期,留茬12cm羊草和无芒雀麦茎基部还原糖含量可达到刈割前水平。试验期间牧草主要生长季(6-8月)降水较少,严重抑制了羊草和无芒雀麦的再生和碳水化合物的贮藏。因此生长季降水少的干旱年份,羊草和无芒雀麦草地以留茬8~12cm、刈割1次为宜。 相似文献
9.
《中国草地学报》2020,(1)
可溶性碳水化合物对草原植物代谢起重要作用,也是草原植物产量的形成基础,对植物生长具有重要意义。本研究以内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原的未退化和退化的草地为研究地点,进行了氮素梯度控制试验(分别添加NH_4NO_3 0,30,50,80 g/m~2),分析羊草(Leymus chinensis)、米氏冰草(Agropyron michoni)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)和大针茅(Stipa grandis)在不同退化状况下可溶性碳水化合物对氮素梯度的响应。结果表明,未退化与退化状态下4种植物可溶性碳水化合物含量比较,羊草可溶性碳水化合物显著增加,大针茅、米氏冰草和糙隐子草没有显著差异。不同氮素梯度比较,随着氮素梯度的增加,未退化样地中4种植物可溶性碳水化合物含量呈现出显著降低再缓慢增加的趋势,30 g/m~2处理下羊草、大针茅、米氏冰草和糙隐子可溶性碳水化合物含量均呈现最低值;退化样地中随着氮素梯度的增加4种植物可溶性碳水化合物没有明显规律。4种植物可溶性碳水化合物含量比较,未退化样地中4个氮素梯度下羊草可溶性碳水化合物含量最低,显著低于大针茅,米氏冰草与糙隐子草;在退化样地中羊草可溶性碳水化合物含量显著低于米氏冰草,与大针茅、糙隐子草没有显著差异。 相似文献
10.
刈割是呼伦贝尔草甸草原的主要利用方式,连年打草导致草地养分不断输出,植物生长受到氮磷养分的共同限制。碳、氮、磷是生态化学计量学关注的重点,然而,草甸草原不同功能群植物C∶N∶P化学计量特征对氮磷养分输入的响应规律尚不明确。本研究于2018～2020年在呼伦贝尔草甸草原打草场采用裂区试验设计研究了氮磷添加对土壤和植物碳氮磷含量的影响。结果表明,氮添加显著增加了禾本科植物C含量,对豆科和菊科植物C含量影响较小。氮添加显著增加了各功能群植物N含量并降低了其C∶N,磷添加显著增加各功能群植物P含量并降低其C∶P。氮添加降低了菊科植物P含量,禾本科和豆科植物P含量不受氮添加的调控。氮添加显著提高了各功能群植物N∶P,禾本科植物的响应更敏感,在低氮(N1)处理下即可表现出磷限制。豆科植物在对照处理下的N∶P大于16,生长受到磷限制。磷添加显著降低了各功能群植物N∶P,使得禾本科植物生长氮限制加剧,而豆科植物生长由磷限制转为氮限制。各功能群植物的C∶P和N∶P均与土壤全磷含量显著负相关,与土壤全碳和全氮含量无显著相关性。综上,呼伦贝尔草甸草原植物生长受到氮磷养分的共同限制,建议在打草场养分管理中,氮... 相似文献
11.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献12.
13.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献14.
15.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献19.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献