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对邓恩桉人工林施用腐植酸桉树系列有机专用肥,进行林分生物量和生产力的试验研究,结果表明:在同等投入水平和基本相同立地条件下与施用常规化肥相比,施用专用肥的林分树高、胸径生长量分别提高了6.3%~26.6%,14.7%~37.2%,林分生产力提高了21.2%~44.1%。其中以每株施用腐植酸桉树基肥专用肥500 g配合复合微生物菌剂10 g作基肥 腐植酸桉树追肥专用肥2号500 g作追肥的林分生物量和生产力为最大,上述组合是适合福建北部地区邓恩桉林分的较佳施肥模式。 相似文献
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腐殖酸(HA)桉树有机专用肥试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了科学经营桉树短工业林，解决桉树速生和林地退化矛盾，于2003年在福建省漳州市漳浦中西国有林场，开展了腐植酸桉树有机专用肥系列产品开发应用研究。试验按随机区组设计，设5个处理，3次重复。2005年调查，其林分树高、胸径、材积、冠幅比对照分别提高8．5％～13．3％、9．9％～13．53％、31．5％～47．8％、10．6％～26．7％。其中以（4）处理最好。 相似文献
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桉树专用肥促生效果研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对桉树专用肥促进林木生长的效果进行综合评价。通过桉树专用肥与桉树人工林常用的复合肥：肥Ⅰ（荷兰进口）、肥Ⅱ（来自广西）及肥Ⅲ（来自广州）进行施肥生长效果对比试验,结果表明：与肥Ⅱ、肥Ⅲ比,专用肥用作基肥,幼林生长量提高２４％以上;用作追肥,生长量提高１４％以上。大面积推广施用桉树专用肥,１．５年生无性系林分各小班蓄积为２３～５０ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２,实生苗林分各小班蓄积为１６～３０ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２;２ 相似文献
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针对肥料施用不合理、葡萄品质下降等问题,通过设置9个不同腐植酸梯度与NPK(15-5-25)复合肥处理,利用田间试验探究腐植酸复合肥在葡萄上的应用效果。结果表明:施用腐植酸复合肥促进了葡萄叶片生长与叶绿素的累积,各腐植酸处理在膨果期与着色期的叶绿素增长率较对照分别上升了12.1～24.5个百分点和2.2～15.3个百分点;6%～8%添加量腐植酸处理的叶面积较对照分别增加了16.3%、11.5%、12.5%;高量的腐植酸添加(7%、8%)显著提高了果实Vc含量,较对照分别提高30.4%、26.0%,但对可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸的影响存在一定差异;与对照相比,腐植酸处理增产范围在0～16.7%间,施用一季腐植酸复合肥对葡萄产量的影响不显著,但穗重有增加趋势,增加范围在7.7%～23.1%间;收获后土壤有机质含量有所增加,增加范围为18.1%～66.7%,速效养分未见明显改善。总体来说,腐植酸对促进葡萄生长发育、改善品质具有积极作用,建议在葡萄种植中使用7%添加量的腐植酸复合肥。 相似文献
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浅海沉积物发育的砂壤土上种植桉树(Eucalyptus U_6),N60P_2O_590g／株作基肥,钾肥的多次追施结果表明：只有在造林时或当年施用钾肥才能发挥好的施肥效果。在NP作基肥的基础上添加氯化钾50g,株,一年生树高增长24.6％,当年再追施氯化钾50g／株的处理,一年生树高增长52.5％,二年生胸径的增长则分别为22.1％、42.8％；而后钾肥的追施效果不明显；这些差异一直保持到伐龄6年,但随林龄的增长差异有所减少。由于材积是树高和胸径的乘积,使处理间材积上的差异更加明显,并由此带来经济效益的明显不同。桉树对肥料的“相互作用效应”是明显的,造成以上结果的最大可能是桉树对元素的平衡需求。因此,建议桉树施肥以多元素的复合肥为主,并添加适量的微量元素,对其提供完全的营养,才能获得理想的产量,同时,应尽早进行施肥,以免错过桉树敏感期对肥料的大量需要而造成难以弥补的损失。 相似文献
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香椿造林中通过实施不同基肥的处理，对其造林效果进行了试验研究，结果表明，施用基肥第3年地（胸）径、树高生长量分别比对照提高70％～98％和42．8％～114．3％；第5年胸径、树高生长量分别比对照提高22％～31％和48％～56％，施用有机质含量高、肥效长的油桐饼，效果最佳。 相似文献
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闽江下游山地巨桉无性系施肥试验研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
对巨桉无性系施用不同肥料组合的试验研究结果表明:以火烧垃圾土做基肥再配施适量的尿素做追肥,组成了有机—无机复混肥体系,其施用效果明显优于纯化肥类肥料组合,不但能明显提高林分生产力、维持地力,而且经济效益较好,充分显示出有机无机混合肥的施用优势;采用火烧垃圾土2 kg.株-1(基肥)+尿素200 g.株-1(追肥)的施肥方案,2年生时林分平均树高、胸径、材积和蓄积分别可达9.41 m、9.51 cm、0.0335 m3和53.72 m3.hm-2,投入产出比高达1∶2.9,经济纯收入是纯化肥类肥料组合的2.0~2.8倍,符合桉树短工林集约经营和持续发展方向,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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不同肥料等养分量施肥对桉树生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
闽南山地尾叶桉、巨桉施用等养分量不同肥料品种试验研究结果表明 ,在有效养分量相等的情况下 ,施用不同氮肥、磷肥品种对桉树生长、生物量积累及养分利用率的影响较大。磷肥选用钙镁磷肥作基肥 ,氮肥以尿素作追肥并多次施用 ,有利于促进林木对营养元素的吸收积累、提高营养元素的利用效率、协调桉树人工林生态系统中营养元素的吸收平衡 ,从而促进林木的生长 ,提高林分生产力 ,经济效益显著。说明在闽南山地 ,利用以上施肥方式是培育桉树速生丰产林较为理想的施肥方式 ,值得推广应用 相似文献
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We used the plastochron index to study the relationship between plant age, leaf age and development, and net photosynthesis of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings. Leaf area and net photosynthesis were measured on all leaves >/= 75 mm of plants ranging in age from 7 to 20 plastochrons. Effects of plant developmental stage on leaf area and net photosynthesis were evaluated for leaves of differing age (horizontal series), leaves on plants of constant age (vertical series), and leaves of constant age (oblique series). Regression techniques were used to estimate leaf area from leaf blade dimensions. The best equations for predicting leaf area had R(2) values of 0.991-0.992 and used linear or logarithmic functions of both leaf length and width. Suitable, but less precise, equations with R(2) values of 0.946-0.962 were developed from either leaf length or leaf width. Leaf area development in black cherry seedlings was similar to that in other indeterminate species. Leaves of young plants reached full expansion at a lower leaf plastochron age than leaves of older plants. Maximum net photosynthesis per unit leaf area occurred 2-3 plastochrons before full leaf expansion. There was strong ontogenetic drift in net photosynthesis with leaf age; net photosynthesis decreased as plant age increased in leaves of the same plastochron age. Plots of the oblique series were particularly useful in providing information about interaction effects. 相似文献
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Production efficiency of loblolly pine and sweetgum in response to four years of intensive management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We tested the hypothesis that productivity of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) stands is dependent not only on leaf area, but also on foliar photosynthetic rate. Effects of irrigation (irrigation treatment), irrigation with a fertilizer solution (fertigation treatment), and fertigation + pest control (loblolly pine only; fertigation + pest control treatment) on leaf physiology and growth were compared with control plots during the third and fourth growing seasons. Complete weed control was maintained on all plots. Aboveground net primary productivity of loblolly pine and sweetgum increased from 16.3 to 40.5 Mg ha(-1) and from 4.2 to 23.9 Mg ha(-1), respectively, in response to the most intensive treatment. Relative to the control treatment, neither fertigation of sweetgum nor fertigation + pest control of loblolly pine had a significant or consistent influence on foliar N concentration, quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, or production efficiency (increment in woody biomass per unit leaf area). Irrigation increased predawn leaf water potential and photosynthesis of loblolly pine, but it had no effect on production efficiency. Leaf area was the predominant determinant of maximum productivity in these rapidly growing plantations. 相似文献
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Canopy dynamics and aboveground production of five tree species with different leaf longevities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Canopy dynamics and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were studied in replicated monospecific and dual-species plantations comprised of species with different leaf longevities. In the monospecific plantations, leaf longevity averaged 5, 6, 36, 46 and 66 months for Quercus rubra L., Larix decidua Miller, Pinus strobus L., Pinus resinosa Ait. and Picea abies (L.) Karst., respectively. Specific leaf area, maximum net photosynthesis per unit mass (A/mass), leaf N per unit mass (N(leaf)/mass) and maximum net photosynthesis on a leaf N basis (A/N(leaf)) were inversely correlated to leaf longevity (r(2) = 0.92-0.97, 0.91, 0.88 and 0.80, respectively). Maximum net photosynthesis per unit area (A/area) was not correlated to leaf longevity, whereas leaf N per unit area (N(leaf)/area) was positively correlated to leaf longevity (r(2) = 0.95). For a similar-diameter conifer, species with long-lived foliage supported a greater foliage mass than species with short-lived foliage; however, Quercus rubra did not follow this pattern. At the stand level, total foliage mass ranged from 3.3 to 30.5 Mg ha(-1) and was positively correlated (r(2) = 0.97) to leaf longevity. Leaf area index (LAI) was also positively correlated (r(2) = 0.82) to leaf longevity. Production efficiency (ANPP/LAI) was inversely related to leaf longevity and positively related to A/mass. Aboveground biomass and net primary production differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the five species but were not correlated to leaf longevity, total foliage mass or leaf area. In monospecific plantations, stem NPP for Larix decidua was 17% greater than for Pinus strobus and 14% less than for Picea abies, but in mixed-species plantations stem NPP for Larix decidua was 62 and 85% greater than for Pinus strobus and Picea abies, respectively. Similar aboveground net primary production rates can be attained by tree species with different leaf longevities because of trade-offs resulting from different structural and physiological leaf and canopy characteristics that are correlated to each other and to leaf longevity. 相似文献
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利用光合微肥、高效流体微肥、尿互对茶树进行叶在喷施试验结果表明，对茶树生长量均有极显著差异，其中以光合微肥效果旯好，经济效益最为显著，流体高效微次之，０．５％尿素只有在土壤ＰＨ值为５．０时，６月份施效果最好。 相似文献
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Cuttings of hybrid Populus clones Tristis and Eugenei growing in pots in a greenhouse were treated with nitrogen fertilizer at two rates and subjected to repeated soil flooding or drying. Periodically, gas exchange measurements and radioimmunoassays, to determine abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations, were made on recently mature leaves.In both clones, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were depressed five days after flooding, but leaf ABA concentrations remained relatively constant. In contrast, an initial, 9-day period of soil drying resulted in substantial ABA accumulation in leaves, which closely correlated with declines in photosynthesis and conductance. A second soil drying cycle of up to 9 days was less effective in modifying gas exchange and leaf ABA concentrations. High-N supply stimulated leaf ABA production as the soil dried. On the resumption of watering, gas exchange in Tristis recovered fully and rapidly and leaf ABA concentrations quickly returned to control values, whereas gas exchange in Eugenei recovered slowly and leaf ABA concentrations remained high for longer.Gas exchange in Eugenei was unaffected by soil drying until leaf ABA concentrations exceeded 100 ng g(dw) (-1), whereas Tristis showed a reduction in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at leaf ABA concentrations of only 10 ng g(dw) (-1). A rise in internal CO(2) concentrations was associated with increased leaf ABA concentrations in Tristis, but not in Eugenei. Clonal differences in the relationship between gas exchange and leaf ABA concentration suggest contrasting physiological strategies for survival under prolonged drying conditions. 相似文献
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Whitehead D Walcroft AS Scott NA Townsend JA Trotter CM Rogers GN 《Tree physiology》2004,24(7):795-804
Responses of photosynthesis to carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure and irradiance were measured on leaves of 39-year-old trees of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson) at a field site, and on leaves of young trees grown at three nitrogen supply rates in a nursery, to determine values for parameters in a model to estimate annual net carbon uptake. These secondary successional species belong to the same family and commonly co-occur. Mean (+/- standard error) values of the maximum rate of carboxylation (hemi-surface area basis) (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) at the field site were 47.3 +/- 1.9 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and 94.2 +/- 3.7 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively, with no significant differences between species. Both Vcmax and Jmax were positively related to leaf nitrogen concentration on a unit leaf area basis, and the slopes of these relationships did not differ significantly between species or between the trees in the field and young trees grown in the nursery. Mean values of Jmax/Vcmax measured at 20 degrees C were significantly lower (P < 0.01) for trees in the field (2.00 +/- 0.05) than for young trees in the nursery with similar leaf nitrogen concentrations (2.32 +/- 0.08). Stomatal conductance decreased sharply with increasing air saturation deficit, but the sensitivity of the response did not differ between species. These data were used to derive parameters for a coupled photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model to scale estimates of photosynthesis from leaves to the canopy, incorporating leaf respiration at night, site energy and water balances, to estimate net canopy carbon uptake. Over the course of a year, 76% of incident irradiance (400-700 nm) was absorbed by the canopy, annual net photosynthesis per unit ground area was 164.5 mol m(-2) (equivalent to 1.97 kg C m(-2)) and respiration loss from leaves at night was 37.5 mol m(-2) (equivalent to 0.45 kg m(-2)), or 23% of net carbon uptake. When modeled annual net carbon uptake for the trees was combined with annual respiration from the soil surface, estimated net primary productivity for the ecosystem (0.30 kg C m(-2)) was reasonably close to the annual estimate obtained from independent mensurational and biomass measurements made at the site (0.22 +/- 0.03 kg C m(-2)). The mean annual value for light-use efficiency calculated from the ratio of net carbon uptake (net photosynthesis minus respiration of leaves at night) and absorbed irradiance was 13.0 mmol C mol(-1) (equivalent to 0.72 kg C GJ(-1)). This is low compared with values reported for other temperate forests, but is consistent with limitations to photosynthesis in the canopy attributable mainly to low nitrogen availability and associated low leaf area index. 相似文献
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Cuttings of balsam spire hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa var. Hastata Henry x Populus balsamifera var. Michauxii (Dode) Farwell) were grown in sand culture and irrigated every 2 (W) or 10 (w) days with a solution containing either 3.0 (N) or 0.5 (n) mol nitrogen m(-3) for 90 days. Trees in the WN (control) and wn treatments had stable leaf nitrogen concentrations averaging 19.4 and 8.4 mg g(-1), respectively, over the course of the experiment. Trees in the Wn and wN treatments had a similar leaf nitrogen concentration, which increased from 12.0 to 15.8 mg g(-1) during the experiment. By the final harvest, mean stomatal conductances of trees in the wN and wn treatments were less than those of trees in the Wn and WN treatments (1.8 versus 4.6 mm s(-1)). Compared to the WN treatment, biomass at the final harvest was reduced by 61, 72 and 75% in the Wn, wN and wn treatments, respectively. At the final harvest, WN trees had a mean total leaf area of 4750 +/- 380 cm(2) tree(-1) and carried 164 +/- 8 leaves tree(-1) with a specific leaf area of 181 +/- 16 cm(2) g(-1), whereas Wn trees had a smaller mean total leaf area (1310 +/- 30 cm(2) tree(-1)), because of the production of fewer leaves (41 +/- 6) with a smaller specific leaf area (154 +/- 2 cm(2) g(-1)). A greater proportion of biomass was allocated to roots in Wn trees than in WN trees, but component nitrogen concentrations adjusted such that there was no Wn treatment effect on nitrogen allocation. Compared with WN trees, rates of photosynthesis and respiration per unit weight of tissue of Wn trees decreased by 28 and 31%, respectively, but the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf nitrogen remained unaltered. The wN and Wn trees had similar leaf nitrogen concentrations; however, compared with the Wn treatment, the wN treatment decreased mean total leaf area (750 +/- 50 cm(2) tree(-1)), number of leaves per tree (29 +/- 2) and specific leaf area (140 +/- 6 cm(2) g(-1)), but increased the allocation of biomass and nitrogen to roots. Net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf nitrogen was 45% lower in the wN treatment than in the other treatments. Rates of net photosynthesis and respiration per unit weight of tissue were 48 and 33% less, respectively, in wN trees than in Wn trees. 相似文献
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Variation in net photosynthesis, CO(2) exchange parameters, stomatal characteristics, leaf area and seedling dry weight were investigated among 10 provenances of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.). Significant provenance variation was established for net photosynthesis (8.14 to 15.13 &mgr;mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal conductance (0.37 to 0.59 mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal density (145 to 204 mm(-2)), and total guard cell length (2681 to 3873 &mgr;m). Net photosynthesis was positively correlated with whole-plant dry weight and leaf area. Stomatal density was positively correlated with net photosynthesis, whole-plant dry weight, and leaf area. Total guard cell length was positively correlated with all of these traits. Information on six traits was used in a cluster analysis to construct a dendrogram to assess phenetic relationships among the provenances. With a few exceptions, the dendrogram revealed three major clusters grouped according to rainfall distribution. The study indicated that whole-plant phytomass production of neem seedlings was associated with photosynthesis and stomatal characteristics during the early stages of growth. 相似文献
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The effects of fertilizer treatment on nutrient transfers to the forest floor were examined in regrowth Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell. forest. Dry weight and nutrient content of leaf litterfall and total litterfall were measured for 3 years in a stand to which two levels of N (0, 200 kg ha-1 year-1) were applied each year at each of three levels of a single initial application of P (0, 30, 200 kg ha-1). Annual accessions of litter to the forest floor were significantly increased by additions of both N (by 17%, 18% and 21% in the 3 years) and 200 kg P ha-1 (by 8%, 8% and 4% in the 3 years) but there was no interaction between effects of N and P treatments. Fertilizer application also had a significant effect on the nutrient content of leaf litterfall and total litterfall. Concentration of N in leaf litterfall was 9% to 23% greater on plots treated with N fertilizer compared to untreated plots. The amounts of N in litterfall were about 30% greater on N-treated compared to untreated plots. On plots treated with 200 kg P ha-1, P concentrations in leaf litter were 50% to 100% greater than in litter from plots receiving no P. Application of 200 kg P ha-1 increased the amounts of P in annual litterfall by 32% to 87%. The greatest increase in P accessions occurred soon after fertilizer treatment. The amounts of Ca, K, and Na in litterfall were also significantly increased by fertilizer application. For Ca and K this was due partly to increases in element concentrations in litterfall following application of treatments. The effect of fertilizers on internal recycling of plant nutrients and on litter accumulation and nutrient dynamics in forest floor litter is discussed. 相似文献