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1.
The duality of teleost gonadotropins 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Hiroshi Kawauchi Kunimasa Suzuki Hiromichi Itoh Penny Swanson Nobuko Naito Yoshitaka Nagahama Masumi Nozaki Yasumitu Nakai Seiga Itoh 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):29-38
The duality of salmon gonadotropins has been proved by biochemical, biological, and immunological characterization of two
chemically distinc gonadotropins. GTH I and GTH II were equipotent in stimulating estradiol production, whereas GTH II appears
to be more potent in stimulating maturational steroid synthesis. The ratio of plasma levels and pituitary contents of GTHs
and the secretory control by a GnRH suggest that GTH I is the predominant GTH during vitellogenesis and early stages of spermatogenesis
in salmonids, whereas GTH II is predominant at the time of spermiation and ovulation. GTH I and GTH II are found in distinctly
separate cells. In trout, GTH I is expressed first in ontogeny, whereas GTH II cells appear coincident with the onset of spermatogenesis
and vitellogenesis, and increase dramatically at the time of final reproductive maturation. Comparison of the amino acid sequences
of polypeptides and the base sequences of cDNA revealed that salmon GTH I β is more similar to bovine FSHβ than bovine LHβ
and salmon GTH II β shows higher homology to bovine LHβ than to bovine FSHβ. The existence of two pituitary gonadotropins
in teleosts as well as tetrapods suggests that the divergence of the GTH gene took place earlier than the time of divergence
of teleosts from the main line of evolution leading to tetrapods. 相似文献
2.
cDNA clones encoding gonadotropin (GTH) α, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β and luteinzing hormone (LH) β were isolated from the pituitaries of maturing Manchurian trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis) and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of GTH subunits showed high identities to masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou: GTHα1 (95%), FSHβ (92%) and LHβ (97%), respectively. We are also attempting to produce recombinant FSH and LH using a eukaryotic expression system. In a pilot experiment, LH was secreted to the culture medium at 48 and 60 hrs after transfection. The results will be helpful to develop controlled reproduction of exterminating Manchurian trout. 相似文献
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Ian Mayer Ewen McLean Tim J. Kieffer Larry M. Souza Edward M. Donaldson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(4):295-300
Since somatostatin (SRIF) inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH), its immunoneutralization may provide an alternative
to GH therapy as a means of enhancing somatic growth in fish. The present study examined the feasibility of accelerating growth
in juvenile chinook salmon by means of antiSRIF administration. Yearling salmon of Nicola River stock (BC, Canada) were injected
intraperitoneally every 5 days, for a total of 40 days, with either SRIF (1 μg g-1 body wt.), antiSRIF (SOMA-10, 1 μg g−1), recombinant bovine GH (rbGH, 2.5 μg g−1), recombinant porcine GH (rpGH, 2.5 μg g−1) or saline (controls). No significant differences were observed in length, weight or final condition factor (k) between the SRIF-treated and control fish over the experimental period. However, the fish treated with the antiSRIF were
significantly (p ≤ 0.05) longer and heavier than the control salmon after 25 and 30 days respectively. Furthermore, antiSRIF
treatment caused a lowering in k when compared to the control salmon. Fish injected with rbGH or rpGH were significantly longer and heavier than all other
groups (p ≤ 0.05), after only 5 days. GH treated groups also returned higher k when compared against all other treatments
(p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in growth between the two rGH treatments over the experimental period. 相似文献
5.
Penny Swanson M. Bernard M. Nozaki K. Suzuki H. Kawauchi W. W. Dickhoff 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):169-176
The present study was designed to obtain basic endocrine information on GTH I and GTH II in previtellogenic and prespermatogenic
coho salmon (immature). Levels of GTH II in pituitary extracts were 6.5 ± 2.0 and 6.7 ± 2.0 pg/μg pituitary protein in male
and female fish, respectively. In contrast, the pituitary content of GTH I was approximately 100-fold higher than GTH II (1.302
± .22 and 1.173 ± .21 ng/μg pituitary protein in male and female fish, respectively). Plasma levels of GTH II in immature
salmon were not detectable by RIA whereas plasma GTH I levels were approximately 0.62 ± 0.12 and 0.78 ± 0.13 ng/ml in male
and female fish, respectively. Highly purified coho salmon GTH I and GTH II stimulated testicular testosterone production
and ovarian estradiol productionin vitro in a similar manner, though GTH II appeared more potent than GTH I. Therefore, it appears that although the salmon pituitary
contains predominantly GTH I prior to puberty, the gonad can respond to both GTH I and GTH II. 相似文献
6.
Yuichi Ozaki Koichi Ishida Koji Saito Kazuhiro Ura Shinji Adachi Kohei Yamauchi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):574-584
ABSTRACT: Specific antibodies against follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (FSHβ), prolactin (PRL), and somatolactin (SL) of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica were produced. These antibodies, as well as antibodies against luteinizing hormone β subunit (LHβ) and growth hormone (GH) produced previously, were used to examine changes in the production of pituitary hormones in female eels during maturation induced by salmon pituitary homogenate (SPH) injection. Immunohistochemical observations showed a decrease in FSH production after SPH injection, suggesting that SPH inhibits FSH production. In contrast, LH production increased markedly with maturation. The number of GH producing cells decreased gradually during maturation, possibly because of inhibition by exogenous GH present in the SPH and/or endogenous insulin-like growth factor-I produced by the stimulation of salmon GH. Although changes in the number of PRL producing cells with maturation were not evident, the number of SL producing cells showed a peak at the late vitellogenic stages, and thereafter decreased to the migratory nucleus stage. These results suggest that GH and SL are involved in sexual maturation in SPH injected eels, as in other fishes. 相似文献
7.
Benzion Cavari Yunhan Hong Bruria Funkenstein Boaz Moav Manfred Schartl 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):345-352
In order to develop all-fish expression vectors for microinjection into fertilized fish eggs, we have prepared the following
constructs: rainbow trout metallothionein a/b and the gilthead seabream growth hormone cDNA (ptMTa-gbsGHcDNA, ptMTb-gsbGHcDNA),
carp β-actin gilthead seabream GH cDNA (pcAβ-gsbGHcDNA). The inducible metallothionein promoters a and b were cloned from rainbow trout, and the constitutive promoter β-actin was isolated from carp.
The metallothionein promoters were cloned by using the PCR technique. The tMTa contains 430 bp, while the tMTb contains 260
bp (Hong et al. 1992). These two promoters were introduced to pGEM-3Z containing the GH cDNA of Sparus aurata to form ptMTa-gsbGH and ptMTb-gsbGH, respectively. The carp cytoplasmic β-actin gene was chosen as a source for isolating
strong constitutive regulatory sequences. One of these regulatory sequences in pUC118 was ligated to GH cDNA of S. aurata to form the pcAβ-gsbGHcDNA.
Expression of the constructs containing the metallothionein promoters was tested in fish cell culture and was found to be
induced effectively by zinc. The ptMTa gsb-GH cDNA construct was microinjected into fertilized carp eggs, and integration
in the genome of carp was detected in the DNA isolated from fins at the age of two months.
Résumé Afin de développer des vecteurs d'expression de poisson, entièrement homologues, destinés aux microinjections dans des oeufs fertilisés, les constructions suivantes ont été préparées: promoteurs de la metallothionine, a ou b, de truite arc-en-ciel d'une part, et promoteur de l'actine β de carpe d'autre part, associés à l'ADNc de l'hormone de croissance de daurade royale (ptMTa-gsbGH cDNA, ptMTb-gsbGH cDNA, et pcAβ-gsbGH cDNA). Les promoteurs de la metallothionine ont été clonés en utilisant la technique de la RCP. La tMTa comprend 430 pb. tandis que la tMTb en comprend 260 (Hong et al. 1992). Ces deux promoteurs ont été insérés dans pGEM-3Z qui contenait l'ADNc de GH de Sparus aurata, pour former, respectivement, ptMTa-gsbGH et ptMTb-gsbGH. Le gène de l'actine cytoplasmique β de carpe été choisi comme source d'isolement de séquences régulatrices fortement constitutives. Une de ces séquences régulatrices a été liguée à l'ADNc de GH de S. aurata dans pUC118, pour réaliser la construction pcAβ-gsbGH cDNA. L'expression des constructions contenant les promoteurs de la metallothionine a été tentée dans des cultures de cellules de poisson, où elle a été effectivement induite par le zinc. La construction ptMTa-gsbGH cDNA a été microinjectée dans des oeufs fertilisés de carpe. Son intégration dans le génome de carpe a pu être détectée dans l'ADN isolé à partir de nageoires d'animaux agés de 2 mois.相似文献
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The growth hormone (GH) gene isolated and cloned from various Labeo species (L. rohita, L. calbasu, L. fimbriatus, L. gonius, L. bata, and L. kontius) is shown to contain a single copy in the haploid genome, with an overall size of ∼2.5 kb. The GH gene in all the Labeo species studied has five exons and four introns of various sizes with the exon/intron boundary sequence of GT/AG. The length
variation of the GH gene between the species is found to be due to length variation in the form of several deletions in the
third intron. The length of individual exons is the same in all the species with an open reading frame (ORF) of 630 bp (210
amino acids) except in L. rohita, which has a 9 bp deletion in the fourth exon, resulting in a shorter GH of 621 bp (207 amino acids). The similarity in the
nucleotide and amino acid sequences between the different Labeo species is greater than 97%, in spite of eight amino acids being altered in the GH protein of Labeo that reside outside the conserved domain sequence required for its function. Nucleotide substitutions are seen in the form
of 20 transitions and three transversions in the ORF of the GH gene. Both types of transitions (A–G; T–C) and only one type
of transversion (A–C) are detected in the GH gene. Codon preference in GH gene shows a strong preference for G and C in the
wobble position of the codons. Genetic interrelationships determined between Labeo and other species of fishes using nucleotide sequence of GH cDNA supports the overall teleost classification of Nelson (Fishes
of the World. Wiley, New York, 1984) with separate clades for Ostariophysi, Protacanthopterygii, and Acanthopterygii. Besides, the unweighted pair group method
with arithmetic means (UPGMA) analysis clearly distinguishes between the species having five exons and four introns in the
GH gene from the species having six exons and five introns in the same gene. The Labeo species analyzed in the present study could be clustered into two groups using the maximum-parsimony method on the intron
sequences data of the GH gene. 相似文献
10.
C. Pelissero J. Nunez-Rodriguez F. Le Menn O. Kah 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(3):109-119
An immunohistochemical study of the sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) pituitary was undertaken using antisera directed against hormones from various classes of vertebrates, including the only pituitary hormone available from sturgeon, gonadotrophin. A positive reaction was obtained after application of antisera towards the following hormones 1–24 synthetic ACTH (1-24 ACTH), melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH), ovine prolactin (oPRL), ovine growth hormone (oGH), salmon growth hormone (sGH), carp gonadotrophin (cGTH) and its beta subunit (cGTH), sturgeon gonadotrophin (aciGTH), carp thyrotrophin (cTSH) and subunit of the human thyrotrophin (hTSH). The results demonstrate that, in general, the sturgeon pituitary resembles that of teleosts as regards the distribution of the different cell types: ACTH and PRL cells in the rostral pars distalis, GTH, TSH and GH cells in the proximal pars distalis and MSH and PAS-cells in pars intermedia. In addition to the topographical organization of the sturgeon pituitary, this study provides data on the immunological relationships between sturgeon pituitary hormones and those of other vertebrates. 相似文献
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J.N. Nocillado H.K. Chua E. O'Brien K. Guyatt F. Carrick A. Elizur 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):47-48
The cDNAs coding for the brain GnRHs (AY373449-51), pituitary GH, SL and PRL, and liver IGFs (AY427954-5) were isolated. Partial cDNA sequences of the brain (Cyp19b) and gonadal (Cyp19a) aromatases have also been obtained. These tools would be utilized to study the endocrine regulation of puberty in the grey mullet. 相似文献
14.
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has a life cycle that involves inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The control and maintenance of ionic balance is under control of the endocrine system. Prolactin is reportedly an important hormone for the ionic balance of salts in the body fluids of fish, especially during the periods of time spent in fresh water. An Atlantic salmon pituitary cDNA library was constructed in gt 11, from which a full length Atlantic salmon prolactin cDNA was isolated using a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) prolactin cDNA probe. The sequence of this clone (ATPRL-5) was determined. Comparison of this sequence and other published sequences showed all the prolactin genes isolated to date are highly conserved. The expression of the prolactin mRNA from adult and juvenile salmon was studied after transfer between salinities. Expression varied in the predicted manner. Adult salmon transferred to fresh water showed large increases in the prolactin mRNA level compared to control fish (>600% increase after 72 h). Only a small difference was observed when smolts (juvenile salmon) were transferred to salt water. 相似文献
15.
The primary structures of β-alanopine dehydrogenase (β-AlDH) and tauropine dehydrogenase (TaDH) from the limpet Cellana grata were determined by amino acid sequence analysis and complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning. β-AlDH and TaDH cDNAs comprised 1,479
nucleotides and 1,444 nucleotides, respectively, and both included an open reading frame of 1,206 nucleotides corresponding
to 402 amino acids. The enzymes showed very high homology, with 96% amino acid identity. These enzymes were homologous to
other marine invertebrate opine dehydrogenases (OpDHs), except TaDH of the marine sponge Halichondria japonica. The highest homologies were to alanopine dehydrogenase from Fusitriton oregonensis, being 57% for both enzymes. A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of marine invertebrate OpDHs and developed using
a sequence distance method and neighbor-joining algorithm showed a tendency for the classification of animals from taxonomically
derived evolutionary trees. Additionally, Cellana grata OpDHs belong to the same group as the Gastropoda OpDHs. This represents the first report concerning the primary structure
of marine invertebrate β-AlDH, and primary structure comparisons of clearly different enzymes from the same species. 相似文献
16.
A.L. Pierce K.D. Shearer D.M. Baker W.W. Dickhoff 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(1):83-88
We examined trends in the growth regulatory hormones growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) from August
to December in chinook salmon. Fish on 100% (ad libitum) and 64% rations of a low fat high protein diet, and a 64% ration of commercial feed (BioOregon-grower) were sampled twice
a month. Fish were kept on simulated natural photoperiod at constant temperature. GH declined in late August and early September,
consistent with photoperiodic regulation. No effects of ration or diet composition on GH were found. IGF-I increased to a
peak on 4 October 1998 and declined thereafter. High dietary ration and the higher fat commercial diet increased IGF-I. Fish
length and IGF-I level were positively correlated. This study shows that a peak in IGF-I may occur in the fall in chinook
salmon.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Cumming Duan Stephen J. Duguay Erika M. Plisetskaya 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):371-379
To examine the hormonal and nutritional regulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression, a sequence-specific
solution hybridization/RNase protection assay for coho salmon IGF-I mRNA was developed. This assay is both rapid and sensitive
and has low inter- (less than 15%) and intra-assay variations (less than 5%). Using this assay, the tissue distribution of
IGF-I mRNA and effects of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL) on hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression in coho
salmon were examined in vivo. Liver had the highest IGF-I mRNA level of 16 pg/μg DNA. Significant amounts of IGF-I mRNA were also found in all other tissues
examined (intestine 4.1, kidney 3.8, gill arch 2.4, brain 2.4, ovary 2.3, muscle 2.1, spleen 1.7 and fat 1.1 pg/μg DNA). Injection
of coho salmon GH at doses of 0.1 and 1 μg/g body weight significantly increased the hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels in a dose-dependent
manner. Injection of coho salmon SL, a recently discovered member of the GH/PRL family, stimulated the IGF-I mRNA expression
at the higher dose (1 μg/g), whereas coho salmon PRL had no effect at either dose. Concentration-dependent stimulation by
coho salmon GH was also obtained in vitro in primary culture of salmon hepatocytes in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 μg/ml. These results indicate that IGF-I
mRNA expression occurs in a variety of tissues in coho salmon, and that at least the hepatic expression is under the regulation
of GH and possibly other hormones. The sequence-specific assay established in the present study can be used for accurate quantitation
of IGF-I mRNA in salmonid species, and can contribute to a better understanding of the physiology of IGF-I in salmonids.
Résumé Afin d'étudier les régulations homronales et nutritionnelles de l'expression des ARNm de l'IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I), un dosage spécifique par hybridation en solution des ARNm d'IGF-I de saumon coho et protégé des RNases, a été développé. Ce dosage, à la fois rapide et sensible, présente un faible coefficient de variation inter- (< 15%) et intra- (< 5%) dosage. L'étude de la distribution tissulaire des ARNm de l'IGF-I et des effets de l'hormone de croissance (GH), de la prolactine (Prl) et de la somatolactine (SI) sur l'expression hépatique des ARNm de l'IGF-I, a été entreprise in vivo chez le saumon coho en utilisant ce dosage. Le foie présente les plus grandes quantités d'ARNm d'IGF-I (16 pg/μg d'ADN). Des quantités significatives d'ARNm d'IGF-I ont été également détectées dans tous les autres tissus étudiés (intestin 4,1; rein 3,8; branchie 2,4; ovaire 2,3; muscle 2,1; rate 1,7 et graisse 1,1 pg/μg d'ADN). L'injection à des saumons coho, de GH à des doses de 0,1 et 1 μg/g de poids vif, augmente significativement et de manière dose dépendante les niveaux hépatiques d'ARNm d'IGF-I. L'injection de SI de saumon coho, un membre récemment découvert de la famille GH/Prl, stimule avec la plus haute dose utilisée, l'expression des ARNm d'IGF-I alors que la Prl n'a aucun effet. La GH augmente de manière dose dépendante (0,01–1 μg/ml) l'expression in vitro des ARNm d'IGF-I par des ARNm d'IGF-I par des hépatocytes de saumon coho en culture. Ces résultats indiquent que, chez le saumon coho, l'expression des ARNm d'IGF-I est présente dans le nombreaux tissus et que, l'expression hépatique est, au moins en partie, régulée par la GH et peut-être par d'autres hormones. Le dosage par séquence spécifique mise au point dans le présent travail, peut-être utilisé pour la quantification précise des ARNm, d'IGF-I de salmonidés et devrait permettre une meilleure connaissance de la physiologie de L'IGF-I chez les salmonidés.相似文献