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1.
D.C. Brown R.C. Boston J.T. Farrar 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):22-30
Background
Lameness assessment using force plate gait analysis (FPGA) and owner assessment of chronic pain using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) are valid and reliable methods of evaluating canine osteoarthritis. There are no studies comparing these 2 outcome measures.Objective
Evaluate the relationship between CBPI pain severity (PS) and interference (PI) scores with the vertical forces of FPGA as efficacy measures in canine osteoarthritis.Animals
Sixty‐eight client‐owned dogs with osteoarthritis (50 hind limb and 18 forelimb).Methods
Double‐blind, randomized. Owners completed the CBPI, and dogs underwent FPGA on days 0 and 14. Dogs received carprofen or placebo on days 1 through 14. The change in PS and PI scores from day 0 to 14 were compared to the change in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI).Results
PS and PI scores significantly decreased in carprofen‐ compared with placebo‐treated dogs (P = .002 and P = .03, respectively). PVF and VI significantly increased in carprofen‐ compared with placebo‐treated dogs (P = .006 and P = .02, respectively). There was no correlation or concordance between the PS or PI score changes and change in PVF or VI.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In these dogs with hind limb or forelimb osteoarthritis, owner assessment of chronic pain using the CBPI and assessment of lameness using FPGA detected significant improvement in dogs treated with carprofen. The lack of correlation or concordance between the change in owner scores and vertical forces suggests that owners were focused on behaviors other than lameness when making efficacy evaluations in their dogs. 相似文献2.
J. Benito B. Hansen V. DePuy G.S. Davidson A. Thomson W. Simpson S. Roe E. Hardie B.D.X. Lascelles 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):474-482
Background
Progress in establishing if therapies provide relief to cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD)‐associated pain is hampered by a lack of validated owner‐administered assessment methods.Hypothesis
That an appropriately developed subjective owner‐completed instrument (Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index‐FMPI) to assess DJD‐associated impairment would have responsiveness and criterion validity.Animals
Twenty‐five client‐owned cats with DJD‐associated pain.Methods
FMPI responsiveness (ability to detect the effect of an analgesic treatment) and validity (correlation with an objective measure) were explored through a stratified, randomized, double blinded, placebo‐controlled, crossover 10‐week clinical study. Meloxicam was administered to effect pain relief. A linear mixed model, backward stepwise regression, and Pearson correlations were used to assess responsiveness and criterion validity with the assumption that the NSAID would increase activity.Results
Positive responses of cats to placebo (P = .0001) and meloxicam treatment (P = .0004) were detected; however, the instrument did not detect any difference between placebo and meloxicam (linear mixed model), even for the high impairment cases. Percent meloxicam target dose administered, temperament, and total baseline FMPI score were covariates that most affected FMPI scores. Controlling for significant covariates, most positive effects were seen for placebo treatment. Positive treatment effects on activity were detected, but only for the cases designated as most highly impaired.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Neither responsiveness nor criterion validity were detected by the inclusion criteria for cases in this study. The data suggest that further work is indicated to understand factors affecting activity in cats to optimize inclusion criteria. 相似文献3.
Josie Parker Joy Ioannides Vim Kumaratunga Juliette Preston Claudia Hartley David Donaldson 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(2):108-120
Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the placement of subpalpebral lavage (SPL) systems in 12 dogs (15 eyes) intolerant of topical ocular medications to assess the suitability, complications encountered and owner perception of use.Animals Studied
Retrospective review of dogs that underwent SPL placement for treatment of ocular disease at the Ophthalmology Department, University of Bristol Small Animal Hospital between 2017 and 2021.Procedure(s)
Data recorded included signalment, history, diagnosis, treatment, reason for SPL placement, uni- or bilateral placement, duration of placement, complications, and outcome. Owner perception was assessed using an online questionnaire. Statistical analysis included McNemar and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests.Results
Twelve dogs (15 eyes) underwent SPL placement. Eleven owners completed the online questionnaire. Corneal ulceration was the most common disease requiring SPL placement (n = 13/15 eyes, 86.7%). Most cases received multimodal topical therapy (n = 9/15 eyes, 60.0%) via SPL. Owners administered medication 6.63 times daily via SPL (range 1–16 applications/day). All dogs requiring ongoing topical medication (n = 8/12, 66.7%) were trained to accept direct administration during SPL treatment. Statistically significant improvements in medication compliance, ease of application, and reduced perceived risk of iatrogenic ocular injury were reported by owners (p-value = .001, .004, and .031 respectively). Minor complications were infrequently reported but an excellent outcome was achieved for all eyes.Conclusion
Subpalpebral lavage placement provides a practical and safe solution for the provision of frequent multimodal ocular medication when treating patients with a challenging temperament. 相似文献4.
R. Gostelow N. Bridger H.M. Syme 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):83-90
Background
Measurement of plasma‐free metanephrines is the test of choice to identify pheochromocytoma in human patients.Objectives
To establish the sensitivity and specificity of plasma‐free metanephrine (fMN) and free normetanephrine (fNMN) concentrations to diagnose pheochromocytoma in dogs.Animals
Forty‐five client‐owned dogs (8 dogs with pheochromocytoma, 11 dogs with adrenocortical tumors, 15 dogs with nonadrenal disease, and 11 healthy dogs.)Methods
A prospective study. EDTA plasma was collected from diseased and healthy dogs and submitted for fMN and fNMN measurement by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).Results
Free MN concentration (median [range]) was significantly higher in dogs with pheochromocytoma (8.15 [1.73–175.23] nmol/L) than in healthy dogs (0.95 [0.68–3.08] nmol/L; P < .01) and dogs with adrenocortical tumors (0.92 [0.25–2.51] nmol/L; P < .001), but was not different from dogs with nonadrenal disease (1.91 [0.41–6.57] nmol/L; P ≥ .05). Free NMN concentration was significantly higher in dogs with pheochromocytoma (63.89 [10.19–190.31] nmol/L) than in healthy dogs (2.54 [1.59–4.17] nmol/L; P < .001), dogs with nonadrenal disease (3.30 [1.30–10.10] nmol/L; P < .001), and dogs with adrenocortical tumors (2.96 [1.92–5.01] nmol/L); P < 0.01). When used to diagnose pheochromocytoma, a fMN concentration of 4.18 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 97.3%, and a fNMN concentration of 5.52 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.6%.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma fNMN concentration has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in dogs, whereas fMN concentration has moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity. Measurement of plasma‐free metanephrines provides an effective, noninvasive, means of identifying dogs with pheochromocytoma. 相似文献5.
R. Suzuki H. Matsumoto T. Teshima H. Koyama 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):69-75
Background
Left ventricular torsional motion plays an important role for effective pump function. However, noninvasive clinical assessment of torsional deformations by two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) has not been reported.Hypothesis
Left ventricular torsion is determined by the native orientation of the helical myocardial fibers, such that it might provide better assessment of myocardial function than conventional methods.Animals
Sixty‐seven client‐owned dogs with MMVD were classified into 3 classes based on the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classification and 16 weight‐ and age‐matched healthy dogs.Methods
Dogs were examined for myocardial deformations by 2D‐STE and were evaluated for peak systolic rotation and rotation rate at each basal and apical view. Dogs also were evaluated for peak systolic torsion and torsion rate.Results
Peak systolic torsion was higher in class II than in class I (P < .001) dogs. Peak systolic torsion was lower in class III than in class II (P = .001) dogs and controls (P = .003).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Torsional deformations assessed by 2D‐STE differed among clinical classes of MMVD. Myocardial torsional deformations by 2D‐STE may provide more detailed assessment of contractile function in dogs with MMVD. 相似文献6.
F. Sampieri J. Alcorn A. L. Allen C. R. Clark F. A. Vannucci N. Pusterla S. Mapes K. R. Ball P. M. Dowling J. Thompson L. R. Bernstein C. J. Gebhart D. L. Hamilton 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2014,37(5):486-499
Oral gallium maltolate (GaM) pharmacokinetics (PK) and intestinal tissue (IT) concentrations of elemental gallium ([Ga]) and iron ([Fe]) were investigated in a rabbit model of equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE). New Zealand white does (uninfected controls and EPE‐infected, n = 6/group) were given a single oral GaM dose (50 mg/kg). Serial blood samples were collected from 0 to 216 h post‐treatment (PT) and IT samples after euthanasia. Serology, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry confirmed, or excluded, EPE. Blood and IT [Ga] and [Fe] were determined using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. PK parameters were estimated through noncompartmental approaches. For all statistical comparisons on [Ga] and [Fe] α = 5%. The Ga log‐linear terminal phase rate constant was lower in EPE rabbits vs. uninfected controls [0.0116 ± 0.004 (SD) vs. 0.0171 ± 0.0028 per hour; P = 0.03]; but half‐life (59.4 ± 24.0 vs. 39.4 ± 10.8 h; P = 0.12); Cmax (0.50 ± 0.21 vs. 0.59 ± 0.42 μg/mL; P = 0.45); tmax (1.75 ± 0.41 vs. 0.9 ± 0.37 h; P = 0.20); and oral clearance (6.743 ± 1.887 vs. 7.208 ± 2.565 L/h; P = 0.74) were not. IT's [Ga] and [Fe] were higher (P < 0.0001) in controls. In conclusion, although infection reduces IT [Ga] and [Fe], a 48 h GaM dosing interval is appropriate for multidose studies in EPE rabbits. 相似文献
7.
Effect of a Pheromone on Stress‐Associated Reactivation of Feline Herpesvirus‐1 in Experimentally Inoculated Kittens 
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下载免费PDF全文 Elena T. Contreras E. Hodgkins V. Tynes A. Beck F. Olea‐Popelka M.R. Lappin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):406-417
Background
Stress contributes to reactivation of feline herpesvirus‐1 (FHV‐1). The usage of pheromones to decrease stress in FHV‐1 experimentally inoculated kittens has not previously been investigated.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine whether a feline pheromone would lessen stress, resulting in decreased recurrence of FHV‐1‐associated illness in kittens.Animals
Twelve 5‐month‐old, purpose‐bred kittens.Methods
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Kittens previously infected with the same dose of FHV‐1 were randomized into 2 separate but identical group rooms. After a 2‐week equilibration period, a diffuser containing either the pheromone or placebo was placed in each of the rooms, and the kittens acclimated for an additional 2 weeks. Every 2 weeks thereafter, for the 8‐week study period, housing was alternated between kennel‐ and group housing. Blinded observers applied a standardized clinical and behavioral scoring rubric daily. After each 2‐week period, serum cortisol concentrations and quantitative PCR for FHV‐1 and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) ratios were evaluated. Clinical, behavioral, and laboratory test results were compared between groups within individual and combined study periods.Results
Sneezing occurred more frequently in the placebo group during individual (P = 0.006) and combined study periods (P = 0.001). Sleep at the end of observation periods occurred more frequently in the pheromone group during individual (P = 0.006) and combined study periods (P < 0.001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The findings suggest that the pheromone decreased stress, and the decrease in stress response may have resulted in decreased sneezing associated with FHV‐1. 相似文献8.
Idiopathic Canine Laryngeal Paralysis as One Sign of a Diffuse Polyneuropathy: An Observational Study of 90 Cases (2007–2013) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Lauren C. Bookbinder James Flanders Paul F. Bookbinder H. Jay Harvey Jay S. Barry Jon Cheetham 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(2):254-260
Objective
To determine survival and incidence of complications in dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis (ILP) and concurrent neurologic signs.Study Design
Observational study.Animals
Dogs (n = 90) with ILP.Methods
Medical records (January 2007–June 2013) of dogs with ILP were reviewed. Neurologic comorbidities, including pelvic limb neurologic abnormalities and esophageal abnormalities were identified. Using medical record information and client interviews, the relationship between these comorbidities and postoperative survival (primary outcome measure) and postoperative complications (secondary outcome measure) was identified.Results
Dogs that had surgical correction of ILP had a 2.6‐fold reduction in the hazard of death throughout the study period (HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.34–4.84, P = .006). Owner assessed patient quality of life (10‐point scale) increased by an average of 4.1 ± 1.4 units immediately postoperatively, and 4.9 ± 0.9 units until death or followup compared with preoperative values. Thirty‐five of 72 dogs available for followup had evidence of diffuse neurologic comorbidities. Overall complication rate for dogs with neurologic comorbidities was 74%, compared with 32% for dogs without neurologic comorbidities. Presence of any neurologic comorbidity was associated with a significantly greater odds of any complication (OR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.25–13.90, P = .019) as well as recurring complications (OR = 8.00; 95% CI: 1.49–54.38; P = .015).Conclusion
Surgical correction of ILP was positively associated with survival, and dogs with neurologic comorbidities were at greater risk for developing postoperative complications.9.
M. Katayama J. Saito R. Katayama N. Yamagishi I. Murayama A. Miyano K. Furuhama 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):17-21
Background
Application of a multisample method using inulin to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats is cumbersome.Objectives
To establish a simplified procedure to estimate GFR in cats, a single‐blood‐sample method using inulin was compared with a conventional 3‐sample method.Animals
Nine cats including 6 clinically healthy cats and 3 cats with spontaneous chronic kidney disease.Methods
Retrospective study. Inulin was administered as an intravenous bolus at 50 mg/kg to cats, and blood was collected at 60, 90, and 120 minutes later for the 3‐sample method. Serum inulin concentrations were colorimetrically determined by an autoanalyzer method. The GFR in the single‐blood‐sample method was calculated from the dose injected, serum concentration, sampling time, and estimated volume of distribution on the basis of the data of the 3‐sample method.Results
An excellent correlation was observed (r = 0.99, P = .0001) between GFR values estimated by the single‐blood‐sample and 3‐sample methods.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The single‐blood‐sample method using inulin provides a practicable and ethical alternative for estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats. 相似文献10.
K.‐D. Cho J.‐H. Kang D. Chang K.‐J. Na M.‐P. Yang 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):91-98
Background
Trilostane is commonly used to treat pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in dogs. There are differing opinions regarding the dose and frequency of trilostane administration in dogs with PDH.Objectives
To compare the efficacy of 2 trilostane protocols in the treatment of dogs with PDH.Animals
Sixteen client‐owned dogs with PDH and a body weight <5 kg.Methods
Prospective observational study. Group A (n=9; low‐dose treatment group) received 0.78 ± 0.26 mg of trilostane/kg PO every 12 h and group B (n = 7; high‐dose treatment group) 30 mg of trilostane/dog PO every 24 h. All of the dogs were reassessed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after the initiation of treatment.Results
An improvement in both ACTH‐stimulated serum cortisol concentrations and clinical signs occurred more slowly in group A than in group B; however, after 20 weeks of treatment, 2/7 dog in group B had clinical signs and abnormal laboratory findings consistent with hypoadrenocorticism. At 24 weeks, an improvement in the clinical findings of all of the dogs in both groups was detected.Conclusions and clinical importance
In dogs with PDH, twice‐daily administration of low‐dose trilostane is an effective approach to the management of PDH. In addition, our results suggest fewer potential adverse effects if trilostane is administered twice daily in the lower dose. 相似文献11.
A 6‐bp Deletion Variant in a Novel Canine Glutathione‐S‐Transferase Gene (GSTT5) Leads to Loss of Enzyme Function 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Craft J. Ekena J. Sacco K. Luethcke L. Trepanier 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(6):1833-1840
Objectives
Glutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs) detoxify reactive xenobiotics, and defective GST gene polymorphisms increase cancer risk in humans. A low activity GST‐theta variant was previously found in research beagles. The purpose of our study was to determine the molecular basis for this phenotype and its allele frequency in pet dogs.Methods
Banked livers from 45 dogs of various breeds were screened for low GST‐theta activity by the substrate 1,2‐dichloro‐4‐nitrobenzene (DCNB), and were genotyped for variants in a novel canine GST gene, GSTT5. Whole‐genome sequences from 266 dogs were genotyped at one discovered variant GSTT5 locus.Results
Canine livers ranged 190‐fold in GST‐theta activities, and a GSTT5 exon coding variant 385_390delGACCAG (Asp129_Gln130del) was significantly associated with low activity (P < 0.0001) and a marked decrease in hepatic protein expression (P = 0.0026). Recombinant expression of variant GSTT5 led to a 92% decrease in Vmax for DCNB (P = 0.0095). The minor allele frequency (MAF) for 385_390delGACCAG was 0.144 in 45 dog livers, but was significantly higher in beagles (0.444) versus nonbeagles (0.007; P = 0.0004). The homozygous genotype was significantly over‐represented in Pembroke Welsh corgis (P < 0.0001) based on available whole‐genome sequence data.Conclusions
An Asp129_Gln130del variant in canine GSTT5 is responsible for marked loss of GST‐theta enzyme activity. This variant is significantly over‐represented in purpose‐bred laboratory beagles and in Pembroke Welsh corgis. Additional work will determine the prevalence of this variant among other purebred dogs, and will establish the substrate range of this polymorphic canine enzyme with respect to common environmental carcinogens. 相似文献12.
13.
T. Falk I. Ljungvall N.E. Zois K. Höglund L.H. Olsen H. D Pedersen J. Häggström 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):500-506
Background
Few previous studies have investigated the association between biomarkers and cardiac disease findings in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Aim
To investigate if histopathological changes at necropsy could be reflected by in vivo circulating concentrations of cTnI and aldosterone, and renin activity, in dogs with naturally occurring congestive heart failure because of MMVD.Animals
Fifty privately owned dogs with MMVD and heart failure.Methods
Longitudinal Study. Dogs were prospectively recruited and examined by clinical and echocardiographical examination twice yearly until time of death. Blood was stored for batched analysis of concentrations of cTnI and aldosterone, and renin activity. All dogs underwent a standardized necropsy protocol.Results
cTnI were associated with echocardiographic left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (P < .0001) and proximal isovolumetric surface area radius (P < .004). Furthermore, in vivo cTnI concentrations reflected postmortem findings of global myocardial fibrosis (P < .001), fibrosis in the papillary muscles (P < .001), and degree of arterial luminal narrowing (P < .001) Aldosterone or renin activity did not reflect any of the cardiac disease variables investigated.Conclusion and clinical importance
Cardiac fibrosis and arteriosclerosis in dogs with MMVD are reflected by circulating cTnI concentration, but not by aldosterone concentration or renin activity. Cardiac troponin I could be a valuable biomarker for myocardial fibrosis in dogs with chronic cardiac diseases. 相似文献14.
15.
R.S. Pleasant J.K. Suagee C.D. Thatcher F. Elvinger R.J. Geor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):576-582
Background
Increased blood insulin levels are associated with an increased risk of pasture‐associated laminitis in equids.Objective
To determine the relationship between plasma insulin, leptin, and lipid levels, and measures of oxidative stress with adiposity in mature light breed horses.Animals
300 randomly selected light breed horses, aged 4–20 years.Methods
A random sample of horses (140 mares, 151 geldings, and 9 stallions) was drawn from the VMRCVM Equine Field Service practice client list. Evaluations occurred June 15 – August 15, 2006, with all sampling performed between 0600 and 1200 hours. Concentrate feed was withheld for at least 10 hours before sampling. Plasma was analyzed for insulin, glucose, leptin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and measures of oxidative stress. Body condition score was determined as the average of 2 independent investigators.Results
Overconditioned and obese horses had higher plasma insulin (P < .001) and leptin (P < .01) levels than optimally conditioned horses. Obese horses had higher triglyceride levels (P = .006) and lower red blood cell gluthathione peroxidase activities (P = .001) than optimally conditioned horses.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Maintaining horses at a BCS <7 might be important for decreasing the risk of pasture‐associated laminitis. 相似文献16.
Effect of Continuous Digital Hypothermia on Lamellar Inflammatory Signaling When Applied at a Clinically‐Relevant Timepoint in the Oligofructose Laminitis Model 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 K. Dern A. van Eps T. Wittum M. Watts C. Pollitt J. Belknap 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):450-458
Background
Although continuous digital hypothermia (CDH) protects lamellae from injury in the oligofructose (OF) model of sepsis‐related laminitis (SRL), conflicting results exist from these studies regarding effects of CDH on lamellar inflammatory events.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine the effect of CDH on lamellar inflammatory events in normal and OF‐treated horses when instituted at a clinically relevant time point (onset of clinical signs of sepsis in this model).Animals
Standardbred geldings (n = 15) aged 3–11 years were used.Methods
In a randomized, controlled discovery study, animals were administered either OF (OF group, n = 8) or water (CON group, n = 8) by nasogastric tube and CDH was initiated in one forelimb (ICE) 12 hours later. Lamellar tissue samples were collected 24 hours after initiation of CDH (ICE and ambient [AMB] forelimbs). Lamellar mRNA concentrations of inflammatory mediators and lamellar leukocyte numbers were assessed using qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively; values from four sample groups (CON AMB, OF AMB, CON ICE, and OF ICE) were analyzed using mixed model linear regression.Results
Although lamellar mRNA concentrations of multiple inflammatory mediators (IL‐1β, IL‐6, CXCL1, MCP2, COX‐2) were increased after OF administration (OF AMB group versus CON AMB; P < 0.05), only 2 inflammatory mediators (IL‐6 and COX‐2) and lamellar leukocyte numbers were decreased with CDH (OF ICE versus OF AMB; P < 0.05).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Continuous digital hypothermia initiated at a time point similar to that commonly used clinically (clinical onset of sepsis) resulted in a more focused inhibition of inflammatory signaling. 相似文献17.
K.R. Viviano B. VanderWielen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(2):250-258
Background
Antioxidant depletion and lipid peroxidation have been correlated with disease severity and associated with poor outcomes.Hypothesis/Objectives
Supplementing dogs with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) during the first 48 hours of hospitalization will increase cysteine, normalize glutathione concentrations, and decrease the degree of lipid peroxidation associated with illness.Animals
Sixty systemically ill hospitalized client‐owned dogs and 14 healthy control dogs.Methods
Randomized investigator‐blinded, placebo‐controlled prospective study. Dogs were randomized to treatment with NAC (n = 30) versus placebo (n = 30). Antioxidants, urine 8‐isoprostane/creatinine (IP/Cr), and clinical score were determined before and after treatment with NAC. Glutathione, cysteine, and vitamin E concentrations were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify selenium and isoprostane concentrations, respectively.Results
Ill dogs had significantly lower vitamin E concentrations (27 versus 55 μg/mL; P = .0005) as well as elevated IP/Cr ratios (872 versus 399 pg/mg; P = .0007) versus healthy dogs. NAC supplementation significantly increased plasma cysteine (8.67 versus 15.1 μM; P < .0001) while maintaining glutathione concentrations. Dogs in the placebo group experienced a statistically significant decrease in glutathione concentrations (1.49 versus 1.44 mM; P = .0463). Illness severity and survival were unchanged after short duration NAC supplementation.Conclusions
Ill dogs experience systemic oxidative stress. Supplementation with NAC during the first 48 hours of hospitalization stabilized erythrocyte glutathione concentrations. The clinical impact of this supplementation and glutathione concentration stabilization was undetermined. 相似文献18.
19.
There has been no large‐scale study of the clinical signs of sacroiliac (SI) joint region pain and its association with lameness and/or thoracolumbar pain. Horses with a positive response to infiltration of local anaesthetic solution around the SI joint regions (SI block) and/or abnormal radiopharmaceutical uptake (RU) in the region of the SI joints were included. History, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, response to SI block, and concurrent lameness and/or thoracolumbar pain were recorded. Horses (n = 296) were divided into 2 groups: SI joint region pain only (Group 1, n = 43) and SI joint region pain and concurrent source(s) of pain (Group 2, n = 253). Clinical signs in Group 1 included increased tension in the longissimus dorsi muscles (40%), restricted flexibility of the thoracolumbar region (44%), trunk stiffness during exercise (61%) and poor hindlimb impulsion (56%). When ridden 65% had a poor contact with the bit, in 81% canter quality was worse than trot, and 35% bucked or kicked out with a hindlimb during canter. In both Groups 1 and 2 clinical signs were seen in a significantly greater proportion of horses during ridden work than lungeing (P<0.0001). Following SI block, 98% of horses showed dramatic improvement in clinical signs, including greater overall movement through the trunk, increased hindlimb impulsion and better quality canter. Abnormal RU in the SI joint regions was seen in 85/180 (47%) horses. Of horses with a positive response to SI block that underwent scintigraphy, only 43% had abnormal RU. Per rectum ultrasonographic examination of the SI joint region revealed abnormalities in 41/129 (32%) horses. Clinical signs of SI joint region pain are worse when horses are ridden. Sacroiliac joint region diagnostic analgesia is a useful, safe but nonspecific block. Ultrasonography and scintigraphy can provide additional information in some horses, but negative results do not preclude SI joint region pain. 相似文献
20.
M. Venner K. Astheimer M. Lämmer S. Giguère 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):171-176