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1.
R.M. Barber Q. Li P.P.V.P. Diniz B.F. Porter E.B. Breitschwerdt M.K. Claiborne A.J. Birkenheuer J.M. Levine G.J. Levine K. Chandler P. Kenny P. Nghiem S. Wei C.E. Greene M. Kent S.R. Platt K. Greer S.J. Schatzberg 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(2):372-378
Background: Vector‐transmitted microorganisms in the genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Borrelia are commonly suspected in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis (MEM), but the prevalence of these pathogens in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs with MEM is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives: To determine if DNA from these genera is present in brain tissue and CSF of dogs with MEM, including those with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) and histopathologically confirmed cases of granulomatous (GME) and necrotizing meningoencephalomyelitis (NME). Animals: Hundred and nine dogs examined for neurological signs at 3 university referral hospitals. Methods: Brain tissue and CSF were collected prospectively from dogs with neurological disease and evaluated by broadly reactive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Borrelia species. Medical records were evaluated retrospectively to identify MEM and control cases. Results: Seventy‐five cases of MUE, GME, or NME, including brain tissue from 31 and CSF from 44 cases, were evaluated. Brain tissue from 4 cases and inflammatory CSF from 30 cases with infectious, neoplastic, compressive, vascular, or malformative disease were evaluated as controls. Pathogen nucleic acids were detected in 1 of 109 cases evaluated. Specifically, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii DNA was amplified from 1/6 dogs with histopathologically confirmed GME. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The results of this investigation suggest that microorganisms in the genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Borrelia are unlikely to be directly associated with canine MEM in the geographic regions evaluated. The role of Bartonella in the pathogenesis of GME warrants further investigation. 相似文献
2.
Wolff CA Holmes SP Young BD Chen AV Kent M Platt SR Savage MY Schatzberg SJ Fosgate GT Levine JM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(3):589-597
Background
The reliability and validity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting neoplastic, inflammatory, and cerebrovascular brain lesions in dogs are unknown.Objectives
To estimate sensitivity, specificity, and inter‐rater agreement of MRI for classifying histologically confirmed neoplastic, inflammatory, and cerebrovascular brain disease in dogs.Animals
One hundred and twenty‐one client‐owned dogs diagnosed with brain disease (n = 77) or idiopathic epilepsy (n = 44).Methods
Retrospective, multi‐institutional case series; 3 investigators analyzed MR images for the presence of a brain lesion with and without knowledge of case clinical data. Investigators recorded most likely etiologic category (neoplastic, inflammatory, cerebrovascular) and most likely specific disease for all brain lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, and inter‐rater agreement were calculated to estimate diagnostic performance.Results
MRI was 94.4% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.7, 97.4) and 95.5% specific (95% CI = 89.9, 98.1) for detecting a brain lesion with similarly high performance for classifying neoplastic and inflammatory disease, but was only 38.9% sensitive for classifying cerebrovascular disease (95% CI = 16.1, 67.0). In general, high specificity but not sensitivity was retained for MR diagnosis of specific brain diseases. Inter‐rater agreement was very good for overall detection of structural brain lesions (κ = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.792, 0.998, P < .001) and neoplastic lesions, but was only fair for cerebrovascular lesions (κ = 0.299, 95% CI = 0, 0.761, P = .21).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
MRI is sensitive and specific for identifying brain lesions and classifying disease as inflammatory or neoplastic in dogs. Cerebrovascular disease in general and specific inflammatory, neoplastic, and cerebrovascular brain diseases were frequently misclassified. 相似文献3.
Katrin Beckmann Inés Carrera Frank Steffen Lorenzo Golini Patrick R Kircher Uwe Schneider Carla Rohrer Bley 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)
Background
A plethora of treatment options have been described for canine meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO), yet a gold standard has not been established. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to document the effect of a newly designed 30 Gray (Gy) radiation therapy (RT) protocol plus corticosteroids as treatment for focal and multifocal MUO, to monitor clinical and imaging changes during the course of the disease with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton MR Spectroscopy (H-1 MRS) and to detect the occurrence of radiation related side effects.Results
Six dogs (3 with focal and 3 with multifocal lesions) were included in the study. The RT protocol used consisted of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. The neurological status of all six dogs improved during RT, with 3 of 6 cases returning to a normal condition. One dog was euthanized early during follow-up (<3 weeks after end of RT). Three month follow up MRI was normal in one dog and improved in 3 dogs and H-1 MRS normalized in 4. In the dog without improvement of the MRI lesions, the N-acetyl aspartate continued to decrease, while choline and creatine concentrations remained stable during that time. This dog was euthanized 18 month after the end of RT due to relapse. One dog was lost to follow up 12 month after completion of RT. The other 3 dogs are still alive at the time of writing.Conclusions
RT with 30 Gy in 10 fractions can provide an additional option for anti-inflammatory treatment of focal and multifocal MUO. The protocol used for treatment monitoring was feasible while no side effects of RT could be observed during the follow up period. Moreover, H-1 MRS could represent a new and non-invasive tool to control the progression of the disease during the treatment course. 相似文献4.
Suter SE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(6):1406-1413
Background
Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apheresis using a Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus automated blood cell separator has not been reported.Objective
To determine the feasibility and safety of using a CS‐3000 Plus blood cell separator with a small volume separation container holder (SVSCH) and small volume collection chamber (SVCC) to harvest canine PBMCs from dogs weighing <50 kg.Animals
Eight healthy mongrel dogs and 11 client‐owned dogs in clinical remission for lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD).Methods
In this prospective study, aphereses were performed using a Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus blood cell separator, with or without recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) treatment.Results
Aphereses from 6 healthy dogs given rhG‐CSF yielded an average of 1.1 × 107 ± 8.2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Aphereses from LPD dogs given rhG‐CSF yielded an average of 5.4 × 106 ± 3.25 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg (P = .17). Higher hematocrit in both groups of dogs receiving rhG‐CSF correlated with an increased number of CD34+ cells/kg harvested (healthy, P = .04; LPD, P = .05). Apheresis was well tolerated by all dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Canine PBMC apheresis using the Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus cell separator with an SVSCH and SVCC is a feasible and safe option for harvesting an adequate number of CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells from dogs weighing ≥17 kg for hematopoietic cell transplantation. 相似文献5.
Reference intervals for the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy canines 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jennifer H. Kopanke Annie V. Chen Jourdan E. Brune Amanda C. Brenna Stephanie A. Thomovsky 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(2):267-274
Background
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) exists as 5 isoenzymes (LD‐1 through LD‐5) that are expressed throughout the body and can be detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). LD and its isoenzymes have been relatively unstudied in veterinary medicine, although studies in human medicine have demonstrated that changes in total LD activity and atypical isoenzyme patterns can indicate disease processes, including neurologic abnormalities.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to establish RIs for LD and its isoenzymes in the serum and CSF of clinically healthy dogs. By establishing a definitive RI for this enzyme in healthy canines, further study of the clinical and diagnostic usefulness of LD can be undertaken.Methods
Serum and atlantoaxial CSF were collected from clinically healthy dogs. Total LD activity was measured spectrophotometrically immediately after collection. Isoenzyme distributions were also determined within 8 hours of collection using the QuickGel LD Isoenzyme technique and a densitometric scanner.Results
The median serum total LD in healthy canines was 69.0 U/L (n = 41; range: 21.0‐217.0 U/L), while the median CSF total LD was 10.0 U/L (n = 40; range: 6.0‐19.3 U/L). LD‐5 is the predominant isoenzyme in canine serum (n = 40), contributing over half of the total enzyme activity. Conversely, in canine CSF (n = 42), LD‐1 is the predominant isoenzyme, followed by LD‐2 and LD‐3.Conclusions
Knowledge of the distribution and concentration of LD in the serum and CSF of healthy dogs will set the foundation for future studies of canine LD as a potentially clinically useful biomarker. 相似文献6.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY EVALUATING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MIDLINE BRAIN SHIFT ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SURVIVAL IN DOGS DIAGNOSED WITH MENINGOENCEPHALITIS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Bonnie J. Oliphant Heidi L. Barnes Heller Jennifer M. White 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(1):38-43
Difficulty has been encountered when trying to identify ante mortem prognostic indicators for dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE). Identifying MRI imaging parameters associated with prognosis may impact treatment decision‐making for clinician and owner. Our hypotheses for this retrospective cohort study are that dogs diagnosed with MUE that had midline shift on brain MRI would have a poorer survival compared to dogs without midline shift; and that younger age, lower weight, and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count would be correlated with improved survival. Medical records were reviewed from two institutions. Inclusion criteria included: clinical signs referable to intracranial disease, brain MRI at presentation, abnormal CSF analysis, and negative infectious disease testing. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated for midline shift using the T2‐weighted transverse image at the interthalamic adhesion and at the site of maximal deviation. Fifty‐two dogs met the inclusion criteria. Median midline deviation was 0.12 cm. Median survival for dogs with no shift was 906 days and with shift was 84 days. Survival was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.11). This remained true when correcting for age (P = 0.22) and CSF TNCC (total nucleated cell count) (P = 0.12). Age at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.02) and CSF TNCC (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with survival. Cerebrospinal fluid protein value (P = 0.84) and weight (P = 0.82) were not significantly associated with survival. In this study of 52 dogs with MUE, MRI evidence of midline brain shift between 0.04 and 0.3 cm at the level of the interthalamic adhesion was not associated with shorter survival. 相似文献
7.
Cholangitis and Cholangiohepatitis in Dogs: A Descriptive Study of 54 Cases Based on Histopathologic Diagnosis (2004–2014) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J.L. Harrison B.J. Turek D.C. Brown C. Bradley J. Callahan Clark 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):172-180
Background
Cholangitis in dogs appears to be more common than previously thought, but understanding of the disease remains incomplete.Objective
To describe a population of dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis.Animals
Fifty‐four client‐owned dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis.Methods
Medical records of dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis confirmed by histopathology between January 2004 and December 2014 were identified using a computer‐based search and retrospectively reviewed.Results
Clinical signs included vomiting (72.2%), lethargy (70.4%), and inappetence (64.8%). Most dogs (49/50) had increased liver enzyme activities, hyperbilirubinemia (32/50), and hypercholesterolemia (24/43). Ultrasonographic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system were seen in 84% of cases. On histopathology, 53 of 54 affected dogs had neutrophilic cholangitis (NC) or cholangiohepatitis, whereas 1 dog had lymphocytic cholangitis. Most cases (42/54) were chronic. Evidence of concurrent biliary disease (46.2%) and biliary tract obstruction (42.6%) was common. Seventeen of 36 biliary and 11 of 25 liver cultures were positive for bacterial growth; Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were most common. Median patient survival was 671 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 114–1,426). On Cox regression, dogs that did not have a cholecystectomy performed had a 2.1 greater hazard for death (P = 0.037; 95% CI: 1.0–4.3) compared to cholecystectomized dogs. Dogs >13 years old had a 5.0 greater hazard for death (P = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.9–13.2) compared to younger dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Significance
Chronic NC or cholangiohepatitis was most common. Cholecystitis and biliary tract obstruction often occurred in conjunction with cholangitis. Cholecystectomized dogs had decreased risk of death; thus, cholecystectomy may improve patient outcome. 相似文献8.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs Attending Primary‐care Veterinary Practices in England 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M.J. Mattin A. Boswood D.B. Church J. López‐Alvarez P.D. McGreevy D.G. O'Neill P.C. Thomson D.C. Brodbelt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):847-854
Background
To date, epidemiological studies on degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) in dogs have largely reported referral caseloads or been limited to predisposed breeds. Analysis of primary‐care data to identify factors associated with DMVD would help clinicians identify high‐risk individuals and improve understanding.Objectives
To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for DMVD in dogs attending primary‐care veterinary practices in England.Animals
Cases were identified within the electronic patient records of 111,967 dogs attending 93 practices. Four hundred and 5 dogs were diagnosed with DMVD (diagnosed cases) and a further 3,557 dogs had a heart murmur (HM) consistent with DMVD (possible cases).Methods
Retrospective cross‐sectional study design. Prevalence was adjusted for the sampling approach. Mixed effects logistic regression models identified factors associated with DMVD.Results
Prevalence estimates of diagnosed DMVD and HMs consistent with DMVD (both diagnosed and possible cases) were 0.36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.45) and 3.54% (95% CI: 3.26–3.84) respectively. In the multivariable analysis, males had higher odds of diagnosed DMVD than did females (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12–1.74). Insured dogs had increased odds of DMVD compared with noninsured dogs (OR 3.56, 95% CI: 2.79–4.55) and dogs ≥20 kg had approximately half the odds of DMVD diagnosis compared with dogs <20 kg (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36–0.74). Strong associations between a DMVD diagnosis and individual breeds and age were identified.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Degenerative mitral valve disease was a common disorder in practice‐attending dogs. Knowledge of identified risk factors for DMVD could improve clinical diagnosis and direct future research. 相似文献9.
Canine GM2‐Gangliosidosis Sandhoff Disease Associated with a 3‐Base Pair Deletion in the HEXB Gene 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 P. Wang P.S. Henthorn E. Galban G. Lin T. Takedai M. Casal 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):340-347
Background
GM2‐gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by deficiency of either β‐hexosaminidase A (Hex‐A) and β‐hexosaminidase B (Hex‐B) together, or the GM2 activator protein. Clinical signs can be variable and are not pathognomonic for the specific, causal deficiency.Objectives
To characterize the phenotype and genotype of GM2‐gangliosidosis disease in an affected dog.Animals
One affected Shiba Inu and a clinically healthy dog.Methods
Clinical and neurologic evaluation, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assays of lysosomal enzyme activities, and sequencing of all coding regions of HEXA, HEXB, and GM2A genes.Results
A 14‐month‐old, female Shiba Inu presented with clinical signs resembling GM2‐gangliosidosis in humans and GM1‐gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dog's brain indicated neurodegenerative disease, and evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified storage granules in leukocytes. Lysosomal enzyme assays of plasma and leukocytes showed deficiencies of Hex‐A and Hex‐B activities in both tissues. Genetic analysis identified a homozygous, 3‐base pair deletion in the HEXB gene (c.618‐620delCCT).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Clinical, biochemical, and molecular features are characterized in a Shiba Inu with GM2‐gangliosidosis. The deletion of 3 adjacent base pairs in HEXB predicts the loss of a leucine residue at amino acid position 207 (p.Leu207del) supporting the hypothesis that GM2‐gangliosidosis seen in this dog is the Sandhoff type. Because GM1‐gangliosidosis also exists in this breed with almost identical clinical signs, genetic testing for both GM1‐ and GM2‐gangliosidosis should be considered to make a definitive diagnosis. 相似文献10.
R. Gostelow N. Bridger H.M. Syme 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):83-90
Background
Measurement of plasma‐free metanephrines is the test of choice to identify pheochromocytoma in human patients.Objectives
To establish the sensitivity and specificity of plasma‐free metanephrine (fMN) and free normetanephrine (fNMN) concentrations to diagnose pheochromocytoma in dogs.Animals
Forty‐five client‐owned dogs (8 dogs with pheochromocytoma, 11 dogs with adrenocortical tumors, 15 dogs with nonadrenal disease, and 11 healthy dogs.)Methods
A prospective study. EDTA plasma was collected from diseased and healthy dogs and submitted for fMN and fNMN measurement by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).Results
Free MN concentration (median [range]) was significantly higher in dogs with pheochromocytoma (8.15 [1.73–175.23] nmol/L) than in healthy dogs (0.95 [0.68–3.08] nmol/L; P < .01) and dogs with adrenocortical tumors (0.92 [0.25–2.51] nmol/L; P < .001), but was not different from dogs with nonadrenal disease (1.91 [0.41–6.57] nmol/L; P ≥ .05). Free NMN concentration was significantly higher in dogs with pheochromocytoma (63.89 [10.19–190.31] nmol/L) than in healthy dogs (2.54 [1.59–4.17] nmol/L; P < .001), dogs with nonadrenal disease (3.30 [1.30–10.10] nmol/L; P < .001), and dogs with adrenocortical tumors (2.96 [1.92–5.01] nmol/L); P < 0.01). When used to diagnose pheochromocytoma, a fMN concentration of 4.18 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 97.3%, and a fNMN concentration of 5.52 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.6%.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma fNMN concentration has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in dogs, whereas fMN concentration has moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity. Measurement of plasma‐free metanephrines provides an effective, noninvasive, means of identifying dogs with pheochromocytoma. 相似文献11.
Erez Hanael Shelly Baruch Orit Chai Zohar Nir Kira Rapoport Marco Ruggeri Itzhak Eizenberg Dana Peery Alon Friedman Merav H. Shamir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):702
BackgroundThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which separates the intravascular and neuropil compartments, characterizes the vascular bed of the brain and is essential for its proper function. Recent advances in imaging techniques have driven the development of methods for quantitative assessment of BBB permeability.Hypothesis/ObjectivesPermeability of the BBB can be assessed quantitatively in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) and its status is associated with the occurrence of seizures.AnimalsForty dogs with MUO and 12 dogs without MUO.MethodsRetrospective, prospective cohort study. Both dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) methods were used to evaluate of BBB permeability in affected (DCE, n = 8; SEA, n = 32) and control dogs (DCE, n = 6; SEA, n = 6). Association between BBB dysfunction (BBBD) score and clinical characteristics was examined. In brain regions where BBBD was identified by DCE or SEA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, immunofluorescent staining for albumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 were performed to detect albumin extravasation, reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and transforming growth factor beta signaling, respectively.ResultsDogs with BBBD had significantly higher seizure prevalence (72% vs 19%; P = .01) when compared to MUO dogs with no BBBD. The addition of SEA to routine MRI evaluation increased the identification rate of brain pathology in dogs with MUO from 50% to 72%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceImaging‐based assessment of BBB integrity has the potential to predict risk of seizures in dogs with MUO. 相似文献
12.
M. L. Mastromauro S. E. Suter M. L. Hauck P. R. Hess 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2018,16(1):E123-E129
Oral melphalan has been included in multi‐agent rescue protocols for canine lymphoma but its activity as a single‐agent for this purpose has not been established. Inexpensive cost, ease of administration and tolerability make oral melphalan an attractive candidate for single‐agent rescue therapy of canine lymphoma. Retrospective evaluation of 19 cases of relapsed canine lymphoma treated with oral melphalan was performed. Melphalan was primarily administered (n = 16) via a high dose protocol (HDM ) with a median dosage of 19.4 mg m?2. Fifteen dogs (78.9%) were treated concurrently with corticosteroids. Response evaluation was possible for all dogs with a calculated overall clinical benefit (partial response [PR ] + stable disease [SD ]) of 31.6% (PR 3/19; SD 3/19). Times to progression following melphalan (TTP ‐M) were 14, 24 and 34 days for responders and 20, 28 and 103 days for dogs experiencing SD . Twelve of 17 dogs evaluable for toxicity experienced an adverse event (AE ) with only 3 dogs experiencing a grade III or higher AE . Haematologic toxicity was common (11/17) while gastrointestinal toxicity was rare (1/17). Although treatment resulted in limited clinical benefit and non‐durable responses, oral melphalan was well‐tolerated and may be a reasonable rescue option in cases where minimal effective agents remain. 相似文献
13.
Investigation of the Role of Campylobacter Infection in Suspected Acute Polyradiculoneuritis in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L. Martinez‐Anton M. Marenda S.M. Firestone R.N. Bushell G. Child A.I. Hamilton S.N. Long M.A.R. Le Chevoir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):352-360
Background
Acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN) is an immune‐mediated peripheral nerve disorder in dogs that shares many similarities with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in humans, in which the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter spp. now is considered to be a major triggering agent. Little information is available concerning the relationship between APN and Campylobacter spp. in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To estimate the association between Campylobacter spp. infection and APN. Associations with additional potential risk factors also were investigated, particularly consumption of raw chicken.Animals
Twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs suffering from suspected APN and 47 healthy dogs, client‐owned or owned by staff members.Methods
Case‐control study with incidence density‐based sampling. Fecal samples were collected from each enrolled animal to perform direct culture, DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Campylobacter spp. In some cases, species identification was performed by sequence analysis of the amplicon. Data were obtained from the medical records and owner questionnaires in both groups.Results
In cases in which the fecal sample was collected within 7 days from onset of clinical signs, APN cases were 9.4 times more likely to be positive for Campylobacter spp compared to control dogs (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant association was detected between dogs affected by APN and the consumption of raw chicken (96% of APN cases; 26% of control dogs). The most common Campylobacter spp. identified was Campylobacter upsaliensis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Raw chicken consumption is a risk factor in dogs for the development of APN, which potentially is mediated by infection with Campylobacter spp. 相似文献14.
J.J. Cooper S.J. Schatzberg K.M. Vernau B.A. Summers B.F. Porter S. Siso B.D. Young J.M. Levine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):198-203
Background
Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a fatal, noninfectious inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. NME has been reported only in a small number of dog breeds, which has led to the presumption that it is a breed‐restricted disorder.Hypothesis/Objectives
Our objective was to describe histopathologically confirmed NME in dog breeds in which the condition has not been reported previously and to provide preliminary evidence that NME affects a wider spectrum of dog breeds than previously reported.Animals
Four dogs with NME.Methods
Archives from 3 institutions and from 1 author''s (BS) collection were reviewed to identify histopathologically confirmed cases of NME in breeds in which the disease has not been reported previously. Age, sex, breed, survival from onset of clinical signs, and histopathologic findings were evaluated.Results
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was identified in 4 small dog breeds (Papillon, Shih Tzu, Coton de Tulear, and Brussels Griffon). Median age at clinical evaluation was 2.5 years. Histopathologic abnormalities included 2 or more of the following: lymphoplasmacytic or histiocytic meningoencephalitis or encephalitis, moderate‐to‐severe cerebrocortical necrosis, variable involvement of other anatomic locations within the brain (cerebellum, brainstem), and absence of detectable infectious agents.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Until now, NME has only been described in 5 small dog breeds. We document an additional 4 small breeds previously not shown to develop NME. Our cases further illustrate that NME is not a breed‐restricted disorder and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with signalment and clinical signs consistent with inflammatory brain disease. 相似文献15.
Echocardiographic Estimates of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E.H. Chapel B.A. Scansen K.E. Schober J.D. Bonagura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):64-71
Background
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction independently predicts outcomes in human myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). There is limited information regarding RV systolic function in dogs with MMVD.Hypothesis
Right ventricular systolic function differs among stages of disease, decreasing in decompensated MMVD.Animals
Thirty‐sixclient‐owned dogs with MMVD not receiving oral cardiovascular medications.Methods
Prospective clinical study. Dogs were categorized according to disease severity as ACVIM Stage B1, B2, or C. Seven echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function were measured. Groups were compared by 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Frequencies of cases with cardiac remodeling falling outside previously established reference intervals were compared using Fisher's exact test. Intra‐ and interobserver measurement variability was calculated for each RV function index.Results
The indices TAPSE (P = 0.029), RV StL (P = 0.012), and RV StRL (P = 0.041) were significantly different between groups. A greater proportion of B2 dogs (7 of 12) had TAPSE values above reference intervals compared with B1 (2 of 12) or C (2 of 12) dogs (P = 0.027). Measurement variability of TAPSE, RV S', and RV StG was clinically acceptable.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Right ventricular systolic function differs between stages of MMVD, increasing in stage B2, and declining in stage C. The prognostic importance of RV function indices, particularly TAPSE, might be worth evaluating in dogs with MMVD. 相似文献16.
Clinical Characteristics of Dogs with Progressive Myelomalacia Following Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. Castel N.J. Olby C.L. Mariani K.R. Muñana P.J. Early 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(6):1782-1789
Background
Progressive myelomalacia (PMM) is a catastrophic disease associated with acute intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). Published data on the clinical characteristics of this disease are limited.Objective
To describe the onset and progression of clinical signs of PMM in a large case cohort.Animals
Fifty‐one dogs, 18 with histopathologically confirmed PMM, 33 presumptively diagnosed based on clinical signs and diagnostic imaging.Methods
Retrospective study. Dogs with confirmed IVDE and either a histopathologic diagnosis of PMM or a high clinical suspicion were identified by medical record search. Data on nature and progression of signs were extracted.Results
Twenty‐four of 51 dogs were Dachshunds. T12–T13 was the most common site of disc extrusion (12 of 56), and 18 of 55 of mid‐to‐caudal lumbar discs (between L3 and L6) were affected. Onset of PMM signs ranged from present at first evaluation (17/51) to 5 days after presentation, with 25 of 51 cases developing signs within 48 hours. Progression of signs from onset of PMM to euthanasia or death, excluding 7 cases euthanized at presentation, ranged from 1 to 13 days with 23 being euthanized within 3 days. Nonspecific systemic signs were documented in 30 of 51 dogs.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
The majority of dogs developed PMM within 2 days of presentation and was euthanized within another 3 days. However, onset can be delayed up to 5 days after presentation with progression to euthanasia taking as long as 2 weeks. Mid‐to‐caudal lumbar discs might be associated with an increased risk of PMM. 相似文献17.
Silver M Rusk A Phillips B Beck E Jankowski M Philibert J Hahn K Hershey E McKeegan E Bauch J Krivoshik A Khanna C 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(2):349-354
Background
ABT‐751 is a novel orally available antimitotic agent that targets microtubule polymerization. This mechanism may suggest potential activity in canine lymphoma.Objective
Determine a maximum tolerated dose for ABT‐751, and assess long‐term tolerability and activity in canine lymphoma.Animals
Thirty dogs with newly diagnosed (n = 19) or relapsed (n = 11) non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.Methods
Dogs (n = 11) were enrolled in a rapid dose escalation study to define the maximum tolerated dose. Upon definition of a maximally tolerated dose, a cohort expansion of 19 dogs allowed verification of long‐term tolerability and assessment of activity. Study endpoints in the cohort expansion included chronic tolerability, response rate, response duration, and time to progression. Additional endpoints included serum pharmacokinetics, lymph node drug concentrations, and changes in circulating endothelial cells.Results
The maximum tolerated dose of ABT‐751 was 350 mg/m2 PO q24h. Dose‐limiting toxicities included vomiting and diarrhea, which resolved with a schedule adjustment to 350 mg/m2 PO q48h. ABT‐751 was consistently detected in lymphoma tissue samples from dogs treated at or above the maximum tolerated dose. In the cohort expansion, objective responses were seen in 3/15 (20%) dogs with a response duration ranging from 21 to 111 days. Decreases in circulating endothelial cells were seen in 10 dogs at day 7 (2 responding dogs and 8 nonresponding dogs).Conclusion
ABT‐751 was well tolerated at 350 mg/m2 PO q24h for 7 days and then q48h thereafter. Activity of ABT‐751 suggested a rationale for additional studies of ABT‐751 as part of a combination chemotherapy protocol for lymphoma or other canine cancers. 相似文献18.
Objectives
To report our experience with thoracoscopic lung lobectomy in dogs with primary lung tumors and compare the long‐term outcome between dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracoscopy or thoracotomy.Study Design
Retrospective case series; case–control study.Animals
Thirteen dogs with primary lung tumors treated with thoracoscopic lung lobectomy; case‐matched cohort of 9 dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracotomy.Methods
Medical records from dogs that underwent thoracoscopic lung lobectomy at a single institution were reviewed. Only cases with primary lung tumors were included. Surgical complications and conversion rate were reported. Cases without conversion and with clean margins on histologic examination were matched on prognostic criteria to cases with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracotomy. Survival was compared between thoracoscopy and thoracotomy.Results
Thirteen dogs with primary lung tumors that measured 2.2–7 cm underwent thoracoscopic lung lobectomy. Nine dogs were diagnosed with carcinoma and 4 with histiocytic sarcoma. There were 3 conversions to open thoracotomy because of poor visualization. There were no differences in short‐term outcome between dogs that had their procedures completed via thoracoscopy and those that were converted to thoracotomy. Nine dogs with clean margins were matched with 9 dogs treated via thoracotomy. Mean (standard deviation) followup was 367 (327) days for dogs undergoing thoracoscopy and 603 (612) days for dogs undergoing thoracotomy. The 2‐year survival rate was 44% for thoracoscopy and 56% for thoracotomy (P = .942).Conclusion
Selected primary lung tumors in dogs can be safely resected with thoracoscopy and not affect long‐term outcome.19.
20.
Familial Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Pomeranian Dogs Caused by a Missense Variant in the NADH‐Cytochrome B5 Reductase Gene 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 H. Shino Y. Otsuka‐Yamasaki T. Sato K. Ooi O. Inanami R. Sato M. Yamasaki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):165-171