共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Shelly L. Vaden DVM PhD DACVIM Coral A. Turman DVM Tonya L. Harris Steven L. Marks BVSc MS MRCVS DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(5):479-487
Objective – To evaluate the prevalence of albuminuria in dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event. Design – Prospective clinical study over a 10‐week period in 2003. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – One hundred and five dogs and 22 cats. Interventions – Urine was collected from dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event. When possible, a second urine sample was collected approximately 48 hours later from those animals that had albuminuria during the initial screening. Measurements and Main Results – All dog samples and most cat samples were screened for albumin using a commercial point‐of‐care immunoassay. Aliquots of samples that tested positive were stored at –20°C until subsequent albumin quantification via antigen capture ELISA. Albuminuria was detected in 63 of 105 (60.0%) dogs and in 14 of 22 (63.6%) cats; the prevalence was higher in animals admitted to ICU than in those recovering from anesthesia. In subsequent samples from 26 dogs, urine albumin decreased in 20 (76.9%) when compared with the first sample; urine albumin was undetectable in 5 (19.2%). In subsequent samples from 6 cats, 4 (66.7%) had decreases in urine albumin when compared with the first sample; 1 (16.7%) was negative for urine albumin. Eleven of 12 dogs (91.7%) and 3 of 4 cats (75%) that died within 3 days of admission to the ICU had abnormal urine albumin; whereas 52 of 93 (55.9%) and 11 of 18 (61.1%) dogs and cats, respectively, who survived more than 3 days had abnormal urine albumin. Dogs with albuminuria were at increased risk of death. Conclusions – The prevalence of albuminuria in animals admitted to the ICU or recovering from anesthesia is higher than reported previously and transient in some patients. The presence of albuminuria may be a negative prognostic indicator in this population. 相似文献
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Welles EG Whatley EM Hall AS Wright JC 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(1):31-36
BACKGROUND: Urine protein: urine creatinine (UP:UC) ratio determined from the quantitative measurement of protein and creatinine in a single urine sample is the best feasible assessment of clinically significant proteinuria in dogs and cats. A dipstick that measures urine protein, urine creatinine, and UP:UC ratio has been used in human medicine and could have application for veterinary practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the Multistix PRO dipstick (Bayer Corporation, Elkhart, IN, USA) to other biochemical methods for determination of urine protein and creatinine, and UP:UC ratio in canine and feline urine. METHODS: A complete urinalysis, including sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) precipitation, was performed on urine samples submitted to our laboratory between February and April 2003 from 100 dogs and 49 cats. Urine protein and creatinine concentrations were determined by the Multistix PRO dipstick using a Clinitek 50 analyzer (Bayer) and compared with the results of SSA precipitation and quantitative biochemical analysis. The UP:UC ratios from the dipstick results (calculated by the Clinitek 50 and also manually) were compared with those calculated from quantitative values. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (using quantitative results as the gold standard) were determined. RESULTS: For both canine and feline urine, protein and creatinine concentrations determined by the Multistix PRO correlated closely with quantitative concentrations for protein (dogs r = .78, P = .0001; cats r = .87, P = .0001) and creatinine (dogs r = .78, P = .0001; cats r = .76, P = .0001). The Multistix PRO was more sensitive and less specific than SSA precipitation for diagnosing clinically significant proteinuria. UP:UC ratios obtained by manual calculation of dipstick results correlated best with quantitative UP:UC ratios in dogs, and had higher specificity but lower sensitivity for the diagnosis of proteinuria. In cats, UP:UC ratios determined by the dipstick method did not correlate (r = -.24, P = .0974) with quantitative values. CONCLUSIONS: The Multistix PRO, with manual calculation of UP:UC, may be a good alternative for the diagnosis of clinically significant proteinuria in dogs, but not cats. Dipstick creatinine concentration should be considered as an estimate. 相似文献
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Annalisa M. Hernandez Graham E. A. Bilbrough Dennis B. DeNicola Celine Myrick Suzanne Edwards Jeremy M. Hammond Alex N. Myers Johanna C. Heseltine Karen Russell Marco Giraldi Mary B. Nabity 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):167-177
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Labrini V. Athanasiou Panagiotis D. Katsoulos Victoria M. Spanou Aikaterini T. Pazarakioti Eleni G. Katsogiannou Ioanna Iliadi Rania Baka Zoe S. Polizopoulou 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(6):1176
The urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio is considered the reference method to assess proteinuria. Its diagnostic value in ovine medicine needs further elucidation. In population monitoring and/or for research purposes, it is convenient to collect many samples simultaneously and store them for later analysis. However, analyte stability data are required to ensure reliable results. We used 15 of 90 urine samples collected from sheep to assess the effect of storage time on the UPC ratio. After centrifugation, the supernatant of each sample was divided into 6 aliquots. Urine protein and creatinine concentrations were determined immediately in one aliquot using the pyrogallol red and a modified Jaffè method, respectively. The other aliquots were stored at −18°C. Based on the absence of active sediment, alkaline urine pH, and UPC ratio ≥0.2, we included 15 samples in our study. The UPC ratio was determined in the stored aliquots 2, 7, 14, 21, and 60 d after collection. The data were analyzed with univariate ANOVA. No significant difference was observed in the urinary concentrations of protein, creatinine, and the UPC ratio (0.8 ± 0.84 in conventional units and 0.09 ± 0.095 in SI units) among different times (p > 0.05). The UPC ratio remained stable for 2 mo in ovine urine samples stored at −18°C. 相似文献
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建立了动物尿液中氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、氯噻酮、三氯噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、呋噻米和依他尼酸等8种利尿剂残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法.尿液样品经乙酸乙酯提取、阴离子交换固相萃取柱(PAX)净化、C18色谱柱分离、电喷雾离子化(ESI-)和选择反应监测(SRM)方式采集,外标法定量.该方法的检测限和定量限分别为10 μg/L和20 μg/L;利尿剂的测定在20～200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2大于0.99;猪尿在20、50和100 μg/L三个添加浓度的平均回收率为74.0%～107.7%,批内RSD为5.2%～10.8%,批间RSD为5.7%～15.6%;牛尿在20、50和100 μg/L三个添加浓度的平均回收率为71.1%～109.0%,批内RSD为3.9%～10.1%,批间RSD为6.4%～15.6%. 相似文献
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ObjectiveTo determine whether healthy and traumatized dogs receiving a constant rate infusion (CRI) of either morphine or fentanyl have decreased urine production.Study designProspective randomized controlled study.Animal populationEighteen privately owned previously healthy dogs that had undergone trauma were included. Twenty-three privately owned healthy dogs were used as the controls.MethodsTraumatized dogs were randomized into one of two groups. Group Tmorphine received a CRI of morphine (0.12 mg kg−1 hour−1) and group Tfentanyl received a CRI of fentanyl (3 μg kg−1 hour−1) both administered in lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) at a rate of 60 mL kg−1 day−1. Control healthy dogs were randomized into one of three groups. The LRS control group (CLRS) (n = 8) received LRS at a rate of 60 mL kg−1 day−1. Group Cmorphine (n = 8) and group Cfentanyl (n = 7) received the same infusions as Tmorphine and Tfentanyl, respectively. Collected data were identical for all groups and consisted of measuring total fluid administered, urine output, and urine specific gravity (USG) for a 24-hour period. An analysis of variance (anova) was used for statistical analysis and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsUrine output was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all groups compared with the LRS control group. The end mean USG was significantly lower (p = 0.003) in the LRS control group compared with all other groups.ConclusionsThere was a decrease in urine output with a CRI of morphine or fentanyl in both healthy and traumatized dogs.Clinical relevanceDecreased urine output caused by an opioid effect might lead to improper assessments of renal function and urine production. 相似文献
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Caroline A. Garcia Bruna A. Loureiro Francine M. Peres Camila Goloni Ludmilla G. Di Santo Fernanda S. Mendonça Aulus C. Carciofi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(Z2):95-105
The comprehension of strategies to increase urine production may be important, especially in kibble diets to prevent urolithiasis in cats. The effects of increasing amounts of crude protein (CP) and sodium on the water turnover of cats were evaluated using the water balance (WB) method and the deuterium dilution technique. The study followed a randomized block design, with three blocks of eight cats, two cats per food type in each block, and six cats per food. Four extruded diets with different amounts of CP and sodium were evaluated (on DM basis): 28% CP and 0.58% sodium; 39% CP and 0.64% sodium; 52% CP and 0.76% sodium; and 64% CP and 0.87% sodium. Cats were individually housed in cages for 8 days to measure WB, urea excretion, and faecal and urine characteristics. Deuterium oxide was used to evaluate water turnover, and during the period cats were housed in a collective cattery. The data were analysed by an F test, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts. The ɑ level of significance was set at 0.05. The methods were compared by Pearson correlation, and Bland and Altman analysis. The increase in the CP content elevated linearly the renal excretion of urea (p < .001), and, together with the higher sodium intake, elevated the renal solute load, which resulted in a linear increase in urine production and water intake (p < .01). The urine density, metabolic water, and faecal and insensible water losses did not differ (p > .05). The water flux increased linearly when using the deuterium method (p < .001), but the obtained values were 20.85 ± 11.11 ml/cat/day higher than those verified using the WB method (p = .001). Higher CP and sodium amounts in dry diets increased the urine production and water consumption of cats, and this can be explored as a possible option to increase urination. 相似文献
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George JW 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2001,30(4):201-210
Abstract: Medical hand-held refractometers have been used in veterinary practice since their development in the 1960s. They have become ubiquitous for the measurement of protein and urine solute concentrations because of their rapidity of analysis, ease of use, and relatively low cost. Refraction of light offers advantages for the determination of solute concentrations because the measurement requires no chemical alteration of the specimen. Numerous authors have reported that the results of protein estimation by refractometry for domestic mammals correlate well with those obtained by the biuret method, although others have reported both higher and lower refractometric results compared with biuret results. Major discrepancies between biuret and refractometric results have been reported for avian samples. Some of the variation in reported results may be due to differences in design by refractometer manufacturers. Another possible source may be variation in the biuret reagent mixture and assay conditions. Refractometers also can be used to calculate serum water concentration. A table that converts index of refraction to serum water concentration can be used to convert electrolyte concentration from mmol/L of serum to mmol/L of serum water, a more accurate indicator of effective electrolyte concentration. Refractometers are especially useful for determining urine specific gravity on veterinary samples because they require relatively small sample volumes. Specific gravity continues to be the most common unit for reporting total solids concentration. Some solutes, such as acetone, may cause false increases in specific gravity by refractometry, as they increase refraction but are less dense than water. 相似文献
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HPLC检测猪血浆和尿液中的喹烯酮及其主要代谢物 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
本试验旨在建立猪血浆和猪尿液中喹烯酮及其主要代谢物3-甲基-喹噁啉-2-羧酸(MQCA)、脱一氧喹烯酮、脱二氧喹烯酮同时检测的高效液相色谱法。血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白,经高速离心后直接检测。尿液样品用乙酸乙酯提取喹烯酮、脱一氧喹烯酮、脱二氧喹烯酮,用盐酸提取MQCA,再用乙酸乙酯萃取,50 ℃氮气吹干后过HLB固相萃取小柱。以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,314 nm波长下检测。喹烯酮及3种代谢物在血浆中的回收率在72.54%~104.2%之间,尿液中的回收率在63.20%~86.24%之间。4种目标化合物在血浆和尿液中定量限均为0.05 μg/mL。 相似文献
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Moore FM Brum SL Brown L 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1991,20(4):95-97
Protein levels in urine specimens from 91 dogs and 65 cats were evaluated by sulfasalicylic acid precipitation (SSA) and dipstick methods. The dipstick frequently yielded reactions for protein that were greater than the level of protein indicated by SSA (i.e., false positive reactions), although no false negative reactions for protein were noted. All urine specimens with protein levels equal to or greater than 100 mg/dl by SSA had dipstick results of 3 +. Results of this study suggest that dipstick analysis for urine protein is an adequate screening procedure for the selection of urines for quantitative analysis of protein and creatinine to assess proteinuria. 相似文献
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B. Wichert A. Liesegang S. Hartnack 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(4):628-635
Urinary energy losses in cats have to be determined in energy balance trials as well as for the calculation of the metabolizable energy (ME) content of cat food. The aim of the present study was: first, to assess whether the energy content of cat urine quantified by bomb calorimetry differs from that quantified using GE (kJ) urine = 33 kJ × g C urine + 9 kJ × g N urine and investigate whether this difference could be attributed to influences of diets. Second, to assess whether the subtraction of 3.1 kJ/g of protein intake used for estimation of metabolizable energy content of cat foods is confirmed as usable. Data from 27 energy and protein balance trials from different studies with complete sampling of urine and faeces (29 cats in part A and 35 cats in part B) were used. Gross energy, carbon and nitrogen were determined in food, faeces and urine. Gross energy values in urine tended to be higher when determined with the formula of Hoffman and Klein compared to bomb calorimetry. The average relative difference of gross energy values between the methods was 18.8%. The mean energy loss in kJ/g of protein intake resulted in 3.7 kJ/g protein intake, which was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.12) from the tested value of 3.1 kJ/g of protein intake. In conclusion, the formula of Hoffman and Klein is not appropriate for the estimation of energy in cat urine. In balance studies, it is advisable to quantify the urinary energy content by bomb calorimetry. In the second part of the study, the protein correction factor to determine ME of 3.1 kJ/g protein intake for urinary energy losses of Kienzle et al. could be confirmed. 相似文献
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Tim Morris Stuart W. Paine Paul Zahra Eric Li Sally Colgan Steven Karamatic 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(5):505-510
Medication control in greyhound racing requires information from administration studies that measure drug levels in the urine as well as plasma, with time points that extend into the terminal phase of excretion. To characterize the plasma and the urinary pharmacokinetics of flunixin and enable regulatory advice for greyhound racing in respect of both medication and residue control limits, flunixin meglumine was administered intravenously on one occasion to six different greyhounds at the label dose of 1 mg/kg and the levels of flunixin were measured in plasma for up to 96 hr and in urine for up to 120 hr. Using the standard methodology for medication control, the irrelevant plasma concentration was determined as 1 ng/ml and the irrelevant urine concentration was determined as 30 ng/ml. This information can be used by regulators to determine a screening limit, detection time and a residue limit. The greyhounds with the highest average urine pH had far greater flunixin exposure compared with the greyhounds that had the lowest. This is entirely consistent with the extent of ionization predicted by the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation. This variability in the urine pharmacokinetics reduces with time, and at 72 hr postadministration, in the terminal phase, the variability in urine and plasma flunixin concentrations are similar and should not affect medication control. 相似文献
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Marika L. Klosowski Andrea A. Bohn 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2023,52(1):112-118
Samples collected from an 11-month-old Dachshund-mix dog with a history of acute azotemia, fever, and enlarged and irregular kidneys were received at the Colorado State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (CSU VDL). The submitting veterinarians were concerned about lymphoma versus acute nephritis/pyelonephritis. The CSU clinical pathology laboratory received urine for urinalysis and kidney aspirates for cytologic evaluation. Urine had also been submitted for aerobic culture and Leptospirosis PCR, and serum was submitted for Lepto-5 microscopic agglutination testing (MAT). Upon examination of a wet mount of the urine sediment, technical staff noted “vibrating” clumps of granular-appearing material throughout the slide, which prompted the preparation of a stained sediment slide for pathologist review. Very small, faintly staining organisms were observed, and an attempt was made to picture-match these with published reports of Leptospira in dog urine, but none could be found. In addition, some references claimed that Leptospira organisms are not seen in urine with light microscopy. The suspicion that these organisms were Leptospira sp. was supported by the MAT results and later confirmed by PCR. The organisms subsequently exhibited strong positive immunolabeling for the Leptospira antigen. This case report provides a searchable record of Leptospira organisms visualized by routine light microscopy in dog urine during natural infection and a review of canine leptospirosis pathobiology and diagnosis. 相似文献